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1.
本论文以高效液相色谱(HPLC)内标法为定量手段,研究了单诺沙星经静注、口服两种途径给药后在雏鸡体内的药物代谢动力学特征;以菌落计数法测定了单诺沙星对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡球菌)的体外抗菌后效应。静注和内服给药后血药浓度-时间数据分别符合无吸收因素二室开放式模型和一级吸收一室开放式模型。静注给药的主要药动学参数为:t1/2α0.3313h、t1/2β5.9940h、Vd7.5246L/kg、AUC5.6916μg/(mL·h)、CLB0.8935/(kg·h)。内服给药后主要药动学参数为:t1/2Ka0.3029h、t1/2K6.5128h、tmax1.2100h、Cmax0.5159μg/mL、AUC5.1329μg/(mL·h),生物利用度为90.18%。抗菌后效应(PAE)结果如下,浓度分别为0.5MIC、2MIC、4.MIC的单诺沙星对大肠杆菌的PAE测定值分别为(0.6464±0.0294)h,(1.2077±0.0284)h,(1.6529±0.0496)h,对金葡球菌的PAE测定值分别为(0.5660±0.0075)h,(1.1746±0.0057)h,(1.4913±0.0257)h。 相似文献
2.
长效制剂能够使药物在动物体内缓慢释放,使有效药物浓度维持较长时间,实现方便给药的目的,同时也克服常规制剂多次给药造成的波峰波谷现象,更好地发挥药效。氟苯尼考混悬剂和常规制剂按20mg/kg体重肌注给药,用高效液相色谱法测定血药浓度。试验所得的血浆浓度-时间数据采用非房室模型统计距原理处理。氟苯尼考混悬剂的主要药动学参数:AUC=44.99μg/(mL.h),MRT=26.62h,t1/2β=16.5h;氟苯尼考常规制剂的主要药动学参数:AUC=54.3μg/(mL.h),MRT=12.97h,t1/2β=11h。试验结果表明氟苯尼考混悬剂在体内吸收缓慢,能够延长药物在体内作用时间。 相似文献
3.
《中国动物保健》2017,(5)
健康杜长大猪16头(体重为18±1kg)随机分为A、B两组,以20mg/kg剂量单次灌服两种氟苯尼考制剂(20%氟苯尼考粉和2%氟苯尼考预混剂),并于给药后不同时间点从前腔静脉采血,采用已建立的高效液相色谱法(HPLC)进行血药浓度测定,利用Win Nonlin软件的非房室模型拟合其血药浓度-时间数据。方法学研究表明本实验建立的HPLC方法专属性良好,在目标峰附近无杂质干扰,线性良好,线性范围为0.03~10μg/mL,相关系数为0.9994。20%氟苯尼考粉主要药动学参数为:Tmax=1.13±0.64h,Cmax=9.61±2.65μg/mL,T1/2=3.84±1.56h,MRT=4.65±0.70h,AUC=52.56±16.99 h*μg/mL;2%氟苯尼考预混剂主要药动学参数为:Tmax=1.31±0.37h,Cmax=8.30±2.17μg/mL,T1/2=3.39±0.35h,MRT=4.93±0.74h,AUC=49.84±17.54 h*μg/mL。比较药动学结果表明20%氟苯尼考粉相对于2%氟苯尼考预混剂的相对生物利用度为105.45%。经T检验和方差分析,二者主要药动学参数无显著差异,在猪体内可视为有相似的药动学过程,但前者在饮水灌服给药时能在更短的时间吸收分布、达到血药峰浓度,且血药峰浓度略高于2%氟苯尼考预混剂,故20%氟苯尼考粉起效更快、效果稍好于2%氟苯尼考预混剂。 相似文献
4.
本试验旨在探讨加丽素红中角黄素在鸡体内的药代动力学特征.选取19周龄的海兰蛋鸡12只,单次灌胃口服加丽素红9.6 mg/kg BW,在72 h内不同时间段分10次采集静脉血,用高效液相色谱法测定鸡血清中角黄素的质量浓度,并利用3P97药代动力学程序软件处理血药浓度-时间数据.结果如下:加丽素红经口服给药后,角黄素在鸡体内的血药浓度-时间数据符合一级吸收一室模型,其理论方程为C=0.471(e-0.036-e-0.190),主要药代动力学参数为:吸收半衰期t1/2(Ka)=(3.643±0.205)h,消除半衰期t1/2(Ke)=(19.263±1.312)h,达峰时间Tmax=(10.795±1.007)h,达峰浓度Cmax=(0.259±0.048)μg/mL,血药浓度-时间曲线下面积AUC=(10.607±1.029)μg/(mL·h),总体清除率CLB=(0.905±0.076)L/(kg·h),表观分布容积Vd=(2.515±0.133)L/kg.上述结果表明,角黄素在鸡体内血药浓度的变化表征了加丽素红在鸡体内代谢的变化规律,具有吸收分布较迅速、达峰快、体内分布广泛、消除速度较慢等特点. 相似文献
5.
猪半体内氟苯尼考对大肠杆菌的药动学-药效学同步关系研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用体内药动学和体外药效学联合的方法,研究氟苯尼考在猪半体内抗大肠杆菌的活性,为合理应用氟苯尼考治疗猪大肠杆菌病提供参考.氟苯尼考在MH肉汤及血清中对猪大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为3.25和8.75 μg·mL-1.猪按20 mg·kg-1的剂量肌内注射氟苯尼考后,药物吸收缓慢且不规则,血浆药物达峰时间为(3.60±1.52)h,峰浓度为(5.28±1.48)μg·mL-1.氟苯尼考在猪体内消除缓慢,体内平均滞留时间为(26.61±9.81)h,消除半衰期为(17.49±8.04)h.半效浓度参数(EC50)为(7.76±4.53)h.AUC0→24h/MIC为(7.69±1.48)h,Cmax/MIC为(0.60±0.17).由于大肠杆菌对氟苯尼考的敏感性较差和氟苯尼考肌内注射药动学特征的限制,应用氟苯尼考,按照常规方案治疗猪大肠杆菌病,可能导致治疗失败. 相似文献
6.
单剂量氟苯尼考内服及肌注在家兔体内药代动力学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
健康新西兰白兔20只,随机分为A、B 2组,A组内服单剂量30 mg/kg氟苯尼考试验品,B组肌注单荆量30mg/kg氟苯尼考试验品.用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中的药物浓度,3p97药代动力学程序软件处理药--时数据,A组药--时数据符合--室开放模型(W=1/C2),主要药代动力学参数T1/2Ka=(0.461±0.066)h,T1/2ke=(2.013±0.195)h,Tpeak=(1.180±0.123)h,Cmax=(7.332±1.000)mg/L,AUC=(31.445±3.566)mg·L-1·h,V/F=(2.995±0.330)L/kg;B组药-时数据也符合一室开放模型(W=1/C2),主要药代动力学参数T1/2Ka=(0.802±0.098)h,T1/2ke=(2.317±0.136)h,Tpeak=(1.805±0.103)h,Cmax=(6.646±0.578)mg/L,AUC=(38.714±3.727)mg·L-1·h,V/F=(2.772±0.303)L/kg.试验结果表明,氟苯尼考在家兔体内主要药动学特征为内服吸收迅速、分布快而广、消除较快;肌注吸收速度显著慢于内服.分布广泛,消除也较快. 相似文献
7.
《中国家禽》2016,(4)
试验研究了麻鸭单次静脉注射和肌内注射氟苯尼考后的药动学,给药剂量均为20 mg/kg体重。麻鸭给药后,定点采血,分离血浆,然后以高效液相色谱法测定血浆中的药物浓度,并利用房室分析法计算两种不同给药途径下氟苯尼考的药动学参数。结果显示:静脉注射氟苯尼考表观分布容积(V_β)为(8 388.45±850.43)m L/kg,消除较缓慢,消除半衰期(t_(1/2β))为(6.61±0.83)h;肌内注射氟苯尼考峰浓度(C_(max))为(1.42±0.16)μg/m L,达峰时间(t_(max))为(1.60±0.19)h,绝对生物利用度为71.59%。结果证实氟苯尼考在麻鸭体内具有优异的药动学特征,分布迅速、广泛、消除较缓慢,肌内注射吸收迅速且较完全。结合氟苯尼考对鸭疫里默氏杆菌、沙门菌及大肠杆菌的MIC数据,计算得出对如上3种细菌感染的治疗,静脉或肌内注射20 mg/kg氟苯尼考较难达到良好的治疗效果,应适当增加给药剂量。 相似文献
8.
超微粉碎对氟苯尼考在肉鸡体内药动学的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究超微粉碎对氟苯尼考在肉鸡体内的血药浓度及药动学特征的影响,将20只健康肉鸡随机分为两组,Ⅰ组单剂量灌服氟苯尼考原药(30 mg/kg),Ⅱ组单剂量灌服氟苯尼考超微粉(30 mg/kg).采用高效液相色谱法测定血浆药物浓度,最低检测限为0.004 μg/mL,所得数据用3P97药动学软件进行分析后发现,血药浓度和时间关系均符合一室开放模型,选择的权重为1/C2.主要药动学参数变化原药组和超微粉组的t1/2ka分别为(28.89±4.51)和(23.49±4.48) min,t1/2ke分别为(101.66±9.97) min和(104.57±16.25) min,Tmax分别为(72.86±7.15)和(62.23±4.78) min,Cmax分别为(7.94±0.78)和(8.65±0.67) μg/mL,AUC分别为(33.01±7.73)和(36.87±3.63) μg/(mL·h).结果表明超微粉碎对氟苯尼考在肉鸡体内的药物代谢过程具有较大影响,药物在体内吸收速度加快,达峰时间提前,峰浓度显著提高,生物利用度增加. 相似文献
9.
36只黄羽肉鸡,随机均分为3组,每组12只,分别进行恩诺沙星、恩诺沙星钠和盐酸恩诺沙星的药动学试验,高致液相色谱法测定鸡只血浆中恩诺沙星浓度,MCPKP程序处理药-时数据。恩诺沙星、恩诺沙星钠和盐酸恩诺沙星溶液经内服给药后在鸡体内最佳药动学模型为一级吸收一室模型,峰浓度高（峰浓度分别为2．39、2．04和2．37μg／mL）,吸收快（吸收半衰期t1/2Ka分别为1．15h、0．76h和1．55h）,消除缓慢（消除半衰期t1/2K分别为8．39h、12．19h和10．95h）。以恩诺沙星做对照,恩诺沙星钠和盐酸恩诺沙星内服给药后吸收完全,其相对生物利用度高,分别为103．2％和126．8％。恩诺沙星钠和盐酸恩诺沙星内服给药后主要药动学参数与恩诺沙星给药后的药动学参数相比均无显著性差异． 相似文献
10.
研究氟苯尼考磺酸盐在肉鸡体内的血药浓度及药动学特征。将12只健康三黄肉鸡,单次肌肉注射推荐治疗剂量（20mg／kg）的自制2％氟苯尼考磺酸盐。采用高效液相色谱法测定血浆药物浓度,所得数据用3P97药动软件进行分析后发现,血药浓度和时间关系符合一级吸收一室模型,选择的权重为1／C。主要药动学参数为T1／2kα：（0．28±0．04）h,T1/2Ke：（2．06±0．06）h,Cmax：（4．17±0．12）μg／mL,Tmax：（0．92±0．09）h,AUC：（16．89±0,35）μg／mL,V／F（c）：（3．52±0．13）L／kg,CL／F（s）：（1．19±0．03）L／（kg·h）,Ke：（0．34±0．01）／h,kα：（2．57±0．37）／h,A：（6．56±0．38）μg／mL。结果提示,氟苯尼考磺酸盐在肉鸡体内具有吸收迅速,分布广泛、峰浓度较高以及消除较快的动力学特征。 相似文献
11.
12.
Ovine scrapie was first recorded in Cyprus in 1985. Subsequently four dairy goats kept in two mixed flocks with affected sheep developed characteristic clinical signs similar to those seen in sheep. Fifteen goats from the two flocks were examined histologically and neurological lesions consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie were found in the four animals and in three others which had subsequently developed early neurological signs. These lesions were similar to those of naturally-affected sheep although neuronal degeneration and vacuolation were more severe in some cases. 相似文献
13.
Owen J Slocombe D McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1986,27(9):324-328
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).
Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.
相似文献14.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1989,30(6):504-508
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
15.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1985,26(10):323-327
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.
Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.
相似文献16.
17.
In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.
Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.
相似文献18.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1988,29(8):641-646
In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%). 相似文献
19.
Owen J Slocombe D McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1987,28(8):491-495
In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).
Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.
相似文献20.