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You-wen QIU Zhe FENG Ming-ming FU Xiao-han YUAN Chao-chao LUO Yan-bo YU Yan-zhong FENG Qi WEI Feng-lan LI 《农业科学学报》2019,18(2):372-380
Salt stress is one of the major factors affecting plant growth and yield in soybean under saline soil condition. Despite many studies on salinity tolerance of soybean during the past few decades, the detailed signaling pathways and the signaling molecules for salinity tolerance regulation have not been clarified. In this study, a proteomic technology based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS) were used to identify proteins responsible for salinity tolerance in soybean plant. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting (WB) were used to verify the results of 2-DE/MS. Based on the results of 2-DE and MS, we selected glucosyltransferase (GsGT4), 4-coumarate, coenzyme A ligase (Gs4CL1), mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 (GsMAPK4), dehydration responsive element binding protein (GsDREB1), and soybean cold-regulated gene (GsSRC1) in the salinity tolerant soybean variety, and GsMAPK4 for subsequent research. We transformed soybean plants with mitogen-activated-protein kinase 4 (GsMAPK4) and screened the resulting transgenics soybean plants using PCR and WB, which confirmed the expression of GsMAPK4 in transgenic soybean. GsMAPK4-overexpressed transgenic plants showed significantly increased tolerance to salt stress, suggesting that GsMAPK4 played a pivotal role in salinity tolerance. Our research will provide new insights for better understanding the salinity tolerance regulation at molecular level. 相似文献
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大豆染色体片段代换系群体苗期耐盐性鉴定及评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究以大豆染色体片段代换系群体2019年收获的183个株系和2020年收获的165个株系为试验材料,采用水培法,120 mmol·L-1盐处理5 d后,调查大豆株系苗期株高、根长、地上鲜重和地下鲜重,通过计算相对值、权重、耐盐指数(D值)及主成分、隶属函数分析综合评价染色体片段代换系材料耐盐能力,以鉴定染色体片段代换系群体苗期耐盐能力.结果表明,大豆染色体片段代换系群体通过主成分分析,将耐盐性状分为两个主成分,其总变异累计值贡献率2019年和2020年分别为72.61％和67.08％.根据两个主成分的权重和隶属函数分析,计算综合评价D值,可知,大豆染色体片段代换系群体中耐盐性较强材料有12份,较弱材料有13份.研究旨在比较大豆染色体片段代换系株系间苗期对盐胁迫耐受性,筛选耐盐材料,为大豆耐盐种质挖掘和遗传育种提供理论参考和基础材料. 相似文献
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盐胁迫下不同抗性野生大豆(Glycine soja)生理生化性状比较分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
盐胁迫严重影响植物的生长发育,野生大豆与栽培大豆相比具有更广泛的区域多样性、遗传多样性、环境适应性等优异特征,可能蕴藏着丰富的耐盐基因。以高度耐盐野生大豆资源ST-335和盐敏感资源SS-736为材料,比较了二者在盐胁迫下的生理生化特性;并通过在大豆发状根中过表达离子转运相关基因,分析了这些基因对大豆复合体耐盐性的影响。结果表明:盐胁迫条件下,与盐敏感品种SS-736相比,耐盐品种ST-335的可溶性糖含量高;SOD、POD和CAT活性高;Na~+/K~+低;且KOR、NHX和NSCC基因表达量低,而SKOR和SOS1基因表达量高。在大豆发状根中过表达SKOR和SOS1基因,提高了大豆复合体的耐盐能力;而过表达NSCC基因,提高了大豆复合体对高盐胁迫的敏感性。说明ST-335与SS-736相比具有较高的抗氧化能力并能较好的维持植物体内Na~+、K~+的平衡,综合解析了不同抗性野生大豆资源应对高盐胁迫的机理,为野生大豆耐盐资源筛选及耐盐机理解析提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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高粱耐盐分子生物学研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
盐害是影响植物生长和作物产量的主要因子之一,通过遗传改良提高植物的耐盐性是简单有效解决盐害的主要途径。综述了到目前为止筛选鉴定出的主要耐盐碱资源;耐盐碱基因（数量性状位点）的定位、克隆及通过基因工程技术进行耐盐基因在不同作物中的转移利用情况;并对高粱耐盐碱的研究前景进行了展望。以期为高粱等作物的耐盐碱改良研究提供理论依据,从而促进对土壤盐渍化影响农作物产量和质量的重大农业问题的解决。 相似文献
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苹果实生砧木种质资源耐缺铁和耐盐碱性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解苹果实生砧木资源抗逆性的种间、居群间和株系间差异及株系内性状分离,用8个种20份苹果资源的二年生实生苗和16个种81份苹果资源当年实生苗分别进行低铁、高盐和高pH胁迫处理,并调查缺铁黄化指数、盐害指数和碱害指数。山定子和新疆野苹果不同居群间3个性状的变异均小于苹果属种间差异,株系间、株系内实生苗3个性状分离程度最严重,但新疆野苹果同居群内株系间各性状的变异与种间差异相当。苹果属种质资源耐缺铁黄化和耐碱2个性状之间相关性显著,而缺铁黄化和耐盐之间、耐盐和耐碱之间不相关。筛选出草原海棠、小金海棠和楸子为耐缺铁黄化、耐盐、耐碱优异实生砧木资源。苹果属种质资源耐缺铁黄化、耐盐、耐碱3个性状不仅存在显著的种间差异,也存在显著的居群间变异,株系间和株系内的变异更广泛。 相似文献
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Linkage and association mapping of wild soybean (Glycine soja) seeds germinating under salt stress 
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下载免费PDF全文 SHI Mei-qi LIAO Xi-liang YE Qian ZHANG Wei LI Ya-kai Javaid Akhter BHAT KAN Gui-zhen YU De-yue 《农业科学学报》2022,21(10):2833-2847
Salinity threatens soybean germination, growth and production. The germination stage is a key period in the life of soybean. Wild soybean contains many genes related to stress resistance that are valuable resources for the genetic improvement of soybean. To identify the genetic loci of wild soybean that are active during seed germination under salt stress, two populations, a soybean interspecific hybrid population comprising 142 lines and a natural population comprising 121 wild soybean accessions, were screened for three germination-related traits in this study. By using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers with three salt tolerance indices, 25 quantitative trait loci (QTLs), 21 significant SNPs (–log10(P)≥4.0) and 24 potential SNPs (3.5<–log10(P)<4.0) were detected by linkage mapping and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in two environments. The key genetic region was identified based on these SNPs and QTLs. According to the gene functional annotations of the W05 genome and salt-induced gene expression qRT-PCR analysis, GsAKR1 was selected as a candidate gene that responded to salt stress at the germination stage in the wild soybean. These results could contribute to determining the genetic networks of salt tolerance in wild soybean and will be helpful for molecular marker-assisted selection in the breeding of salt-tolerant soybean. 相似文献
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刺槐家系耐盐性状的变异、相关分析及选择 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
①根据对不同盐浓度处理下刺槐家系苗高、地径及它们的绝对和相对生长量的调查分析,得出短期盐胁迫下苗高绝对生长量及其相对生长量能灵敏反映出苗木受盐害的程度,其它指标用于评价苗期耐盐性的效果较差.②根据对盐胁迫下40个刺槐家系各生长性状的调查分析,研究了它们的遗传变异,并用指数选择法对刺槐家系进行了选择.结果表明:刺槐家系的各耐盐性状受较大程度的遗传控制,环境效应影响较小,通过选择可望取得明显遗传进展;指数选择在刺槐家系多性状综合选择时有较好效果,对各约束性状的控制也可达到预期目的.③根据对盐胁迫下6个刺槐家系盆栽苗的苗高、苗高绝对生长量、苗高相对生长量、水势、电导率和叶部钾钠比的调查分析,研究了它们的遗传变异、各性状间的相关关系和它们对苗高的通径分析.结果表明:苗高和苗高绝对生长量之间相关性非常紧密(r=0.700),与苗高相对生长量之间相关性一般(r=0.451),苗高绝对生长量与苗高相对生长量遗传相关略高(r=0.635),苗木水势和质外体电导率与苗高的表型和遗传相关均表现适度的负相关;苗高生长主要受苗高绝对生长量的直接效应的影响,直接通径系数次序为苗高绝对生长量、钾钠比、水势、电导率和苗高相对生长量,苗高相对生长量、钾钠比、水势和电导率通过对苗高绝对生长量间接效应来影响苗高的生长. 相似文献
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大豆耐盐性鉴定研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大豆属中度耐盐作物,盐渍条件严重影响大豆生长、农艺性状及种子品质,因而造成大豆减产。该文从盐碱对大豆的影响、大豆耐盐机制、大豆耐盐性鉴定方法及优异耐盐种质筛选4个方面概述大豆耐盐性鉴定的研究进展。 相似文献
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[目的]筛选耐盐性强的优异栽培稻种质资源,为盐碱地的改良提供品种支持,也为耐盐育种、耐盐基因的挖掘提供理论依据.[方法]以419份广西水稻地方品种核心种质为试验材料,进行芽期和苗期的耐盐性鉴定评价,芽期鉴定采用1.5%NaCl溶液进行盐胁迫,以相对盐害率为耐盐评级指标;苗期鉴定采用沙培法,用0.5%NaCl溶液进行盐胁迫,以死叶率作为评级指标,以植株矮化率为参考指标.[结果]广西水稻芽期耐盐性等级为3.77级,芽期耐盐资源主要集中于1级和3级,占参试总数的62.53%;苗期耐盐性等级为7.15级,大部分资源耐盐主要集中于7级和9级,占参试总数的75.89%.在水稻不同类型耐盐性比较中,芽期平均耐盐性籼稻(3.64)高于粳稻(4.28),籼稻变异系数(69.12)大于粳稻(60.28);苗期平均耐盐性籼稻(6.91)高于粳稻(8.03),籼稻变异系数(30.21)大于粳稻(18.43);籼稻苗期鉴定株高矮化率(32.73)和变异系数(50.92)均小于粳稻株高矮化率(37.22)和变异系数(63.62);相关分析结果表明,籼稻(r=0.0667)和粳稻(r=-0.0531)的芽期和苗期耐盐等级均无显著相关(P>0.05).对不同稻作区水稻耐盐性进行比较,广西桂南稻作区水稻的平均耐盐性在芽期(3.48)和苗期(6.97)为4个稻作区中最高.[结论]广西水稻地方品种资源芽期耐盐性强于苗期,籼稻耐盐性强于粳稻,以芽期1级和苗期1、3级进行耐盐种质筛选,获得杨村一号等12份优异耐盐种质资源,可作为耐盐育种的亲本选育及在耐盐基因挖掘中加以利用. 相似文献
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《农业科学学报》2019,18(11):2483-2491
Genetic diversity is the base of any genetic improvement breeding program aimed at stress breeding. The variability among breeding materials is of primary importance in the achievements of a good crop production. Herein, 105 wheat genotypes were screened against drought stress using factorial completely randomized design at seedling stage to determine the genetic diversity and traits association conferring drought tolerance. Analysis of variances revealed that all the studied parameters differed significantly among all genotypes, indicating the significance genetic variability existed among all genotypes for studied indices. The 10 best performance genotypes G1, G6, G11, G16, G21, G26, G39, G44, G51, and G61 were screened as drought tolerant, while five lowest performance genotypes G3, G77, G91, G98, and G105 were screened as drought susceptible. Root length, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid contents were significantly correlated among themselves which exhibited the importance of these indices for rainfed areas in future wheat breeding scheme. Shoot length exhibited non-significant and negative association with other studied traits, and its selection seems not to be a promising criteria for this germplasm for drought stress. Best performance genotypes under drought stress conditions will be useful in future wheat breeding program and early selection will be effective for developing high yielding and drought tolerant wheat varieties. 相似文献
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The rhizospheric microbiome becomes more diverse with maize domestication and genetic improvement 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 HUANG Jun LI Yun-feng MA Yuan-ying LI Yan-sheng JIN Jian LIAN Teng-xiang 《农业科学学报》2022,21(4):1188-1202
Domestication and genetic improvement of maize improve yield and stress tolerance due to changes in morphological and physiological properties, which likely alter rhizosphere microbial diversity. Understanding how the evolution of maize germplasm impacts its rhizobacterial traits during the growth stage is important for optimizing plant-microbe associations and obtaining yield gain in domesticated germplasms. In this study, a total of nine accessions representing domestication and subsequent genetic improvement were selected. We then sequenced the plant DNA and rhizobacterial DNA of teosinte, landraces and inbred lines at the seedling, flowering and maturity stages in a field trial. Moreover, the soil chemical properties were determined at the respective stages to explore the associations of soil characteristics with bacterial community structures. The results showed that domestication and genetic improvement increased the rhizobacterial diversity and substantially altered the rhizobacterial community composition. The core microbiome in the rhizosphere differed among germplasm groups. The co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated that the modularity in the bacterial network of the inbred lines was greater than those of teosinte and the landraces. In conclusion, the increased diversity of the rhizobacterial community with domestication and genetic improvement may improve maize resilience to biotic stresses and soil nutrient availability to plants. 相似文献
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植物耐盐基因工程研究进展 总被引：12，自引：5，他引：7
盐害是农作物减产的主要因素,提高作物的耐盐性是提高全球粮食产量的基础。文章较系统地概述了植物盐胁迫信号传导通路研究现状,植物耐盐基因的挖掘,包括基于EST数据库的基因挖掘、通过转录谱确定胁迫响应基因以及应用转基因手段确定基因在胁迫耐受机制中的功能。同时系统阐述了各类耐盐基因的应用,包括渗透调节物质合成酶基因、氧胁迫相关基因、离子转运相关基因、编码转录因子的调节基因、感应和传导胁迫信号的蛋白激酶基因和其他调控序列。文章还对植物耐盐基因工程研究的现状进行了分析和提出建议,对进行植物基因工程研究工作具有参考价值和指导意义。 相似文献
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低酚棉品种耐盐性研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
探讨了ＮaCl胁迫下对低酚棉品种种子萌发的影响。ＮaCl质量分数在０．２５％－０．７５％范围内对大多数低酚缺点中子萌发均产生抑制作用，且随ＮaCl含量的提高抑制作用增强，但低含量ＮaCl对少数品种的发芽势、发芽率表现促进作用，萌发明显一品种不同性状对盐胁迫表现出较大的差异，中无１５１、鲁无４０１、鲁无１６及冀无２０３１等表现出较好的耐盐性。 相似文献
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Chen-chen XUE Jin-yan XU Can WANG Na GUO Jin-feng HOU Dong XUE Jin-ming ZHAO Han XING 《农业科学学报》2018,17(3):539-553
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为探究不同基因型棉花萌发期的耐盐碱性,本研究采用5个棉花种质进行培养皿滤纸发芽试验,分析了不同浓度海盐胁迫对棉花发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、下胚轴长、根长、鲜重和活力指数的影响,并以各项指标的盐害系数作为萌发期的耐盐碱指标,比较了5个棉花种质萌发期的耐盐碱性。结果表明,随着海盐浓度的升高,5个棉花种质各项指标的盐害系数总体呈上升趋势;海盐胁迫对各项指标有显著影响,但不同种质影响不同。根据盐害系数隶属函数值进行综合评价,5个棉花种质的耐盐碱性强弱为：苏棉30 ＞ H602 ＞ 苏棉22 ＞ 泗抗1号 ＞ 1138。 相似文献