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1.
Migratory insects make diverse adaptive strategies in response to changes in external environment. Temperature has an impact on the survival, development, reproduction, and migration initiation of insects. Previous research has primarily been focused on the effects of constant temperature on populations, but changing temperature has received less attention. Three constant temperature treatments(20, 25 and 30°C) and three pupal-alternating temperature treatments(20–25, 25–20 and 25–30°C) were set up to study the relationship between temperature and population development by age-stage, two-sex life table analysis in the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata Walker, a notorious migratory pest in grain crops. The 25°C treatment was considered optimal with 20 and 30°C as low suitable temperature and high temperatures, respectively. The survival rate was relatively low before third instar larvae at 20°C(63.0%) and 20–25°C(70.1%), and extreme low after pupal stage at 30°C(20.6%). Developmental duration of each stage was negatively correlated with temperature. The adult preoviposition period, when most migratory insects initiate migration, was the shortest at 25°C(2.69d) but was lengthened at both low suitable(7.48d for 20°C, 6.91d for 25–20°C and 4.57d for 20–25°C) and high temperatures(3.74d for 25–30°C and 5.00d for 30°C). Both low suitable and high temperature decreased lifetime fecundity, net reproductive rate and the intrinsic rate of increase, with variability observed across developmental duration and stage during non-optimal temperature. The results expand knowledge of the relationship between changing temperature and armyworm population development, and adaptive strategies in complex ambient environment.  相似文献   

2.
红脉穗螟发育起点温度和有效积温的研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
采用20、22、25、27和3O℃5个恒定温度对红脉穗螟Tirathaba rufivena Walker各虫态的发育起点温度和有效积温进行了测定。结果表明,发育历期随温度的升高而缩短;卵、幼虫、蛹、产卵前期和全世代的发育起点温度分别为11.22、12.77、11.63、11.43和12.17℃;有效积温分别为59.64、265.93、136.20、26.71和487.39 d.℃。该虫在海南年发生8~10代。  相似文献   

3.
The study was conducted to demonstrate the effects of dietary protein and water temperature on growth and flesh quality of Songpu mirror carp （Cyprinus carpio） at an initial weight （165.24±5.08） g. Practical diets were formulated to contain five protein levels （29.12%, 31.46%, 34.49%, 38.17%, and 40.13%）, and each diet was randomly assigned triplicate groups of 15 fishes at three temperatures （18℃, 22℃, and 26℃） in the recirculation system. Fishes were fed twice daily to apparent satiation for 56 days. Results indicated that fishes had higher weight gain rate at 22℃ and 26℃ than that at 18℃ （P〈0.05）, but there were no significant differences between 22℃ and 26℃ （P〉0.05）. Based on the weight gain rate, dietary protein level 29.12% could meet the requirement of the body at 18℃, 22℃, or 26℃. Crude protein, crude lipid, moisture and ash of muscle had no significant differences among those treatments （P〉0.05）. pH （after 24 h） of muscle was the highest at 18℃ and the lowest at 22℃ （P〈0.05）, but no differences were observed among different protein level groups at each temperature （P〉0.05）. No significant differences on shear force, water holding capacity, collagen, glycogen and lactate among all the treatments were found （P〉0.05）. It was concluded that when C. carpio fed to apparent satiation, the growth mainly depended upon temperature. Dietary protein could not significantly affect flesh quality, but temperature significantly affected pH of muscles. A dietary protein level 29.12% could meet the requirement of the body at 18℃, 22℃, or 26℃.  相似文献   

4.
二点委夜蛾发育起点温度及有效积温的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
二点委夜蛾（Athetis lepigone Moschler）在我国属于耕作制度变革后新发生的害虫,为了便于对其进行准确的预测预报,在不同温度条件下,测定了二点委夜蛾各虫态的发育历期,并用直线回归法计算出各虫态的发育起点温度和有效积温。结果表明：温度对二点委夜蛾各虫态的发育历期有显著影响,在温度为15～30℃时,各虫态的发育历期随着温度的升高而明显缩短,其发育速率明显加快。二点委夜蛾的发育历期和发育速率均与温度呈明显的相关性,其卵、幼虫、蛹和全世代发育起点温度分别为9.72、10.80、9.63和10.04℃,有效积温分别为71.47、248.89、134.00和552.95 d.℃。利用本研究结果,根据有效积温法则,可准确预测出该虫在当地的发育代数。  相似文献   

5.
Temperature, as a critical abiotic factor, might influence the effectiveness of biological control by parasitoids in host-parasitoid systems. In this study, Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), a larval endoparasitoid, is used to investigate the efficacy of biological control on a vegetable agriculture pest, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, reared on kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), at four constant temperatures (26, 29, 32, and 35°C) under laboratory conditions. Our results show that high temperatures (29, 32, and 35°C) do not significantly affect lifetime host-killing events of female adults by increased daily host-killing events compared to temperature of 26°C, although their lifespans decrease with an increase in temperatures. Each life-history trait of female adults (lifespan, parasitism, stinging, or non-reproductive host-killing events) present a linear relation with temperatures and host-feeding events, respectively. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of biocontrol efficacy of parasitoid N. formosa against agromyzid leafminers at high-temperature seasons or environments.  相似文献   

6.
The fall armyworm(FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda Smith(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important agricultural pest that invaded China in the middle of December 2018. As a polyphagous pest, FAW is identified as a serious threat to agricultural production and food security in China. Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.), tomato(Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) and eggplant(Solanum melongena L.) are three of dominant solanaceous vegetables of this country. To our knowledge, the effects of these plants on the performances of FAW have not been well studied. In this study we assessed the fitness of this pest to these three plants. Results showed that FAW can complete its life cycle when fed with tomato and pepper, but not on eggplant. The population parameters of FAW fed with maize(Zea mays L.) and the three solanaceous vegetables were compared using the age-stage, two-sex life table method. Developmental duration was significantly different in the larval stage, but not in the pupae stage. FAW fed with pepper had the longest pre-adult period(41.73 d) and the lightest pupal weight(0.1134 g); the survival rate was lower than FAW fed with tomato. Significant differences were observed in the mean fecundity of female, with the highest(943.95 eggs) laid by FAW fed with tomato. FAW had the shortest mean generation time(T), the highest intrinsic rate of increase(r) and finite rate of increase(λ) on maize, and the highest net reproductive rate(R_0) on tomato. Overall, FAW fitness on the three solanaceous vegetables was: tomatopeppereggplant. This study provides the foundation for further assessment of FAW risk to solanaceous vegetables and for establishing corresponding control strategies in China.  相似文献   

7.
Rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée), has become a major pest throughout the rice cultivating areas of China and caused severe damage to rice production. Cnaphalocrocis medinalis granulovirus(CnmeGV), a naturally occurring baculovirus, is revealed as a potential microbial agent for the pest control. Field applications of CnmeGV were conducted against rice leaffolder larvae in rice paddies. CnmeGV infected the larvae not only in the current generation but also in the successive generation, resulting in a sustained infection in the larva population for at least 48 days. Under diferent concentrations of CnmeGV(7.5×10~(11) and 1.125×10~(12) occlusion body(OB) ha~(-1)) at 30 days after spraying, larval population reduced up to 76.32% and rice leaf rolled rate kept in 15.42%. Simultaneously, CnmeGV had no impact on arthropod predators of C. medinalis, with abundances ranging from 2.39 to 3.79 per ten hills. These results revealed that CnmeGV is suitable as a bio-pesticide for rice leaffolder management in rice paddies.  相似文献   

8.
Sea buckthorn fly Rhagoletis batava Hering (Diptera; Tephritidae) was first recorded in the Central Non-Chernozem Region of Russia in the early 21st century. The pest adapted in a short time and there are periodically massive outbreaks of reproduction. In some years, this phytophage damages more than 80% of susceptible sea buckthorn cultivars’ fruits. However, the bioecology of R. batava in the specified area has not been studied, which hampers the timely implementation of protective measures and ensuring of their high efficiency. The beginning of flight of flies, oviposition, and larval hatching strongly depend on weather conditions and they occur with a difference in the calendar period up to 25–30 days in different years. In the years of research, the sum of effective temperatures above 10°C at the beginning of flight of flies ranged from 252.1 to 319°С, from 339.5 to 390.3°C at the beginning of oviposition, and from 428.3 to 471.0°C at the beginning of larval hatching. The duration of the summer period in the exploration area ranges from 48 to 57 days. To track the dynamics of the summer and to more accurately determine the beginning of the individual phases of development of the pest, it is necessary to use yellow two-sided glue traps and fruit inspection under a microscope.  相似文献   

9.
In this article, the selection of tebufenozide to beet armyworm （Spodoptera exigua Htibner） was studied by the treatments to alternative generations＇ 3rd-instar larvae with LC50 dose and to continuous generations＇ larvae with LC10 dose; the effects of tebufenozide on the biological characteristics of current and subsequent generations were examined by the treatments to 3rd-instar larvae and egg pods in different concentrations. After treatments with LC50 dose till F11, the toxicity of tebufenozide to beet armyworm had no significant change, whereas the pupation rate, pupal weight, and fecundity were reduced markedly. After treatments with LC10 dose till Fl9, the beet armyworm only developed 3.52-fold resistance, and the main biological characteristics were nearly accordant in each generation. The livability was reduced 72 h later after treatments to 3rd-instar larvae, respectively in 2.5-40 μg mL^-1, and larval duration, pupation rate, and pupal weight changed considerably with the increase in concentrations. The fecundity, larval livability, larval weight and pupal weight of subsequent generations were reduced as the dose increased over 10 μg mL^-1. The hatching rate of egg pods did not differ with that of the controls obviously after treatment in 10-300 μg mL^-1. But the larval livability, larval weight and pupal weight were reduced when eggs were exposed to 50 μg mL^-1 dose or more. The results indicated that tebufenozide had low resistance risk to the current and subsequent generations of beet armyworm even if tebufenozide had significant effects on the biological characteristics of this insect.  相似文献   

10.
Effect of temperature and relative humidity on population dynamics of insect pests of mung bean was studied during mung bean growing season of 2005. Insect pests included thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.) and field cricket (Gryllus assimilis) and one arachnid pest mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch). Results revealed that the maximum population of thrips and mites was observed on August 23, 2005 with 1.537±0.031 per leaf and July 6, 2005 with 3.271±0.09 per leaf, respectively. The population of field cricket differed significantly during crop season and reached its peak during the initial stage of crop growth on June 14, 2005, i.e., 0.873±0.014 per plant at the temperature and relative humidity of 32°C and 54%, respectively, while the minimum population was noted on August, i.e., 0.710±0.010 per plant. Present studies conclusively document the correlation of weather factors and insect pest population. Temperature had a negative and significant correlation with thrips (r = −0.860) and a positive and significant correlation with mites (r = 0.606) and field cricket (r = 0.439). However, the relative humidity displayed a positive and significant correlation with thrips (r = 0.569), a negative non-significant correlation with mites (r = −0.313), and a significant negative correlation with field cricket (r = −0.770).  相似文献   

11.
为给梨小食心虫的预测预报及有效防治提供必要的依据,对梨小食心虫的发育起点温度和有效积温进行了研究。在17～29℃、相对湿度(70±7)%和光周期15h∶9h(光照∶黑暗)的条件下,测定了梨小食心虫各虫态的发育历期,计算了梨小食心虫卵、幼虫、蛹和全世代的发育起点温度和有效积温。结果表明,各虫态的发育历期随着温度的升高而缩短,各虫态的发育速率与温度之间具有良好的线性关系。梨小食心虫卵、幼虫、蛹及全世代的发育起点温度和有效积温分别是10.39℃和59.84℃.d、9.95℃和200.43℃.d、10.97℃和140.82℃.d、9.80℃和448.08℃.d。  相似文献   

12.
温、湿度对空心莲子草叶甲生长发育的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
在温度２５℃、空心莲子草叶甲卵、幼虫、蛹期最长分别为６．８．１１和１１．６ｄ，最短为２．８，６和７．６ｄ．３种虫态在５种温度下，随温度的提高，发育历期呈明显下降．成虫寿命比雄虫长．成虫产卵前期为１．５—５．０ｄ，产卵期１１．５－１１６．０ｄ．产卵量为２９－２６３６粒，平均为１２９５粒．相对湿度越大，卵的孵化率越高；在湿度２２－２８℃时，孵化率随温度的升高而增大，高于２８℃时，温度升高，孵化率减少；大于３２℃时卵不发育。关键词  相似文献   

13.
In December 11, 2018, the fall armyworm(FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda invaded China and has since impacted local maize, sorghum and other crops. Here, we draw on laboratory experiments to show how different host crops(i.e., maize, sorghum, wheat and rice) and artificial diet affect larval growth and adult reproduction of one local FAW strain. Larval diet affected development duration, pupation rate, survival and emergence rate of pupae, and S. frugiperda adult fecundity. FAW attained the slowest larval development(19.4 days) on sorghum and the fastest(14.1 days) on artificial diet, with larvae attaining 99.6% survival on the latter food item. On rice, FAW larvae attained survival rate of 0.4% and were unable to pupate successfully. Pupation rate and pupal survival varied substantially between artificial diet and live plantlets at different phenological stages. Pupal weight was the highest(0.26 g) on artificial diet and the lowest(0.14 g) on sorghum, while FAW females reached the highest fecundity(699.7 eggs/female) on 2-leaf stage maize. Egg hatching rate equaled 93.6% on 4-or 5-leaf stage maize and 36.6% on artificial diet. FAW intrinsic rate of natural increase and the finite rate of increase varied between larval diets, reflecting how young maize leaves are the most suitable diet. Our findings can help to refine laboratory rearing protocols, devise population forecasting models or guide the deployment of ‘area-wide' integrated pest management(IPM) modules in FAW-invaded areas of China and other Asian countries.  相似文献   

14.
系统研究了稻纵卷叶螟在6种不同水稻品种(常规粳稻武育粳3号,杂交粳稻宁粳1号,常规籼稻TN1,杂交籼稻汕优63,超级杂交籼稻两优培九,超级杂交籼粳稻甬优9号)上取食后的发育历期、存活率、卵巢发育进度、繁殖力和飞行能力。结果表明,武育粳3号和宁粳1号能显著延长稻纵卷叶螟未成熟期的发育历期,降低其存活率,延缓卵巢发育进度,降低成虫繁殖率,并提高成虫的飞行能力;不同水稻品种间的影响存在显著差异,其影响从大到小排列为杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>常规籼稻>杂交籼稻>超级杂交稻。这说明,幼虫期营养对稻纵卷叶螟的生长发育、存活、生殖和飞行能力具有显著影响。  相似文献   

15.
 2005,2006年对枇杷潜蛾（Lyonetia eriobotryae）的生物学特性进行了研究,结果发现其在云南终年发生,全年的高峰发生期在7~10月,冬季发育缓慢但不越冬;枇杷潜蛾天黑后开始产卵,雌成虫用产卵器刺破新梢嫩叶下表皮将卵产于叶肉及表皮之间,卵单产,2~4 d后开始孵化并在叶肉内取食,从梢尖到木质部较为坚硬的部分都是其蛀食范围,老熟幼虫出梢后吐丝下垂在叶片下作“H”型茧化蛹;在15～30 ℃条件下卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫的发育历期分别为2~4 d,17~26 d,5~12 d,3~10 d,完成1代需要27~52 d。药剂实验表明90%杀虫丹、20%灭扫利对枇杷潜蛾具有很高的防效,开始施药适期为4~5月。比较全面的研究了枇杷潜蛾的生物学特性,并给出了在当地比较可行的防治方案。  相似文献   

16.
The fall armyworm(FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a newly invasive, widespread agricultural pest in China. Understanding the suitability of the main field crops in Chinese agricultural system as host for this polyphagous herbivore is especially important for making control strategy. Here, after FAWs were fed three important oil-bearing crops(oilseed rape, soybean and sunflower) planted in China and resultant population parameters were compared using the age-stage, two-sex life table method, survival of larvae on soybean was significantly lower than that on oilseed rape and sunflower. Developmental duration of larvae on soybean was also the longest(23.3 days). The highest pupation rate was recorded on sunflower. The highest pupal mass(0.19 g) was attained on oilseed rape, significantly higher than on the other host plants; the lowest mass was on soybean(0.15 g). On soybean, oilseed rape and sunflower, respectively, the average generation period was 42.21, 39.10 and 40.44 d; the intrinsic rate of increase(r) was 0.0844, 0.1041 and 0.1134; the finite rate of increase(λ) was 1.0881, 1.1098 and 1.1202. While the most suitable host plant overall was sunflower, S. frugiperda completed development and increased its population on all three host plants. Thus, soybean, oilseed rape and sunflower were all suitable for FAW, and population monitoring and management of FAW in these crops should be increased.  相似文献   

17.
The potato tuberworm Phthorimaea operculella Zeller, is one of the most important potato pests worldwide including China. Several reports indicate that P. operculella could be controlled biologically by the use of beneficial fungus such as Beauveria bassiana(Bals.-Criv) Vuill. However, limited information is available under growing conditions in China. Thus, this study evaluated the sub-lethal effects of B. bassiana on the offspring of P. operculella by the age-stage, two-sex life table. First instar larva of P. operculella were treated with 1×107 conidia m L–1 of the fungus, and several biological parameters were evaluated. The fecundity, duration of the egg stage, all larval stages, pre-adult stage, and total pre-oviposition period, were significantly shorter than the control treatment. Offspring of treated parents, presented a net reproductive rate and mean generation time of 17.43 per day and 24.98 days, respectively, compared to 65.79 per day and 26.51 days for the untreated ones. This study provides basic information to help understanding the potential long-term effects of entomopathogenic fungi on P. operculella.  相似文献   

18.
《农业科学学报》2019,18(6):1321-1328
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of relative humidity(RH) at chronic temperature on growth performance, glucose consumption, and mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate(ATP) production of broilers. A total of 180 28-day-old Arbor Acres broilers(half males and half females) were randomly allocated to three treatments, each containing six replicates of 10 birds per treatment, using a completely randomized design. Birds were reared at 35, 60 or 85% RH at 32°C for 15 days(temperature increased by 3°C every 3 days from 20 to 32°C within 15 days: 20–23–26–29–32°C). RH affected(P0.05) average daily feed intake(ADFI), average daily gain(ADG), average daily water consumption(ADWC), blood glucose concentrations, muscle glycogen levels, avian uncoupling protein(av UCP) mRNA expression, and cytochrome c oxidase(CCO) activity in liver of broilers at 42 days of age. The 85% RH decreased(P0.05) ADFI, ADG and ADWC; 35% RH decreased(P0.02) ADG. Both 85 and 35% RH increased(P0.01) blood glucose and decreased(P0.05) muscle glycogen. Both 85 and 35% RH increased(P0.05) av UCP mRNA expression. 35% RH decreased(P0.05) CCO activity. In conclusion, both high and low RH inceased glucose consumption and reduced mitochondrial ATP poduction, leading to a decline in growth rate.  相似文献   

19.
【目的】探明温度对辣木瑙螟生长发育和繁殖的影响,为辣木瑙螟的预测预报和综合防治提供科学依据。【方法】在光周期L∶D＝14h∶10h、相对湿度80%的条件下,设置24、26、28、30和32℃5个温度梯度,测定不同温度下辣木瑙螟卵的孵化率、幼虫及蛹的死亡率和发育历期;待成虫羽化后,测定不同温度对成虫寿命及产卵量的影响,并计算各虫态的发育起点温度、有效积温及实验室种群的生殖力生命表参数。【结果】在24~32℃内,随着温度的升高,除1、2和3龄幼虫外,辣木瑙螟其他幼虫虫态和蛹的死亡率均先降低后升高;24℃时各虫态的累积死亡率最高。在24~30℃内,随着温度的升高,各龄期幼虫、蛹的发育历期及成虫寿命均逐渐缩短,32℃时从卵发育到成虫仅需14.58d,而在24℃下为28.75d。单雌产卵量在30℃时最大,为412.85粒,32℃时最低,仅27.33粒。卵、幼虫和蛹的发育起点温度分别为16.75、16.95和16.33℃,有效积温分别为27.83、131.00和94.16d·℃。在24~30℃内,周限增长率均大于1,种群数量以几何级数增长。【结论】温度对辣木瑙螟的生长发育和繁殖具有明显影响,28~30℃是辣木瑙螟生长发育和繁殖的最适温区。根据辣木瑙螟危害地区的平均温度,结合其发育历期等,可对辣木瑙螟进行预测预报,为辣木瑙螟的综合防治提供依据。  相似文献   

20.
Small heat shock proteins(sHSPs) are a very complex protein superfamily that increase insect temperature tolerance. In order to deeply understand the function and role of sHSPs in Chilo suppressalis(Walker), this study isolated and identified two CsHSP genes lacking introns from C. suppressalis, Cshsp23.9 and Cshsp27.3. The cDNA full-length of Cshsp23.9 and Cshsp27.3 were 909 and 1 036 bp encoding 220 and 242 amino acids, respectively. Alignment with homologs and phylogenetic analysis indicated Cshsp23.9 and Cshsp27.3 were two new types of Cshsps in C. suppressalis. Real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR) revealed that Cshsp23.9 had the highest relative expression in hindgut compared with other tissues(head, epidermis, foregut, midgut, fat body, Malpighian tubules, and hemocytes), while Cshsp27.3 expressed the highest in fat body content. When exposed to thermal stress from –11 to 43℃ for 2 h, two genes showed different expression patterns. Cshsp23.9 did not respond to low temperature, but could be up-regulated by high temperature and the highest expression temperature was at 36℃. Cshsp27.3 could only be induced by mild temperature, with the highest expression at 15 and 30℃. In conclusion, Cshsp23.9 and Cshsp27.3 existed in different tissues/organs of C. suppressalis, and played different important roles in C. suppressalis to resist temperature stress and regulate physiological activities.  相似文献   

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