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ZHANG Shuai LUO Jun-yu WANG Li WANG Chun-yi Lü Li-min ZHANG Li-juan ZHU Xiang-zhen CUI Jin-jie 《农业科学学报》2018,17(9):2066-2073
Aphis gossypii is a globally distributed species and therefore has a highly variable life cycle. Populations of A. gossypii in northern China exhibit greater genotypic diversity and a broader host range, yet the details of life cycles of different biotypes is still unclear. In this study, the Cytb and 16S gene regions of A.gossypii collected from 5 common summer hosts and 4 primary hosts were analyzed. A total of 57 haplotypes were obtained from 1 046 individual A.gossypii sequences. The sequence included 44 variable sites, 27 of which were parsimony informative sites and 17 of which were singleton variable sites. The most frequent 3 haplotypes were found in 896 individuals, representing a total of 85.7% of all individuals and 36 haplotypes were found in 1 individual. A neighbor-joining tree was constructed using 21 haplotypes that were found in more than 2 individuals. Considering the individual host plant, 5 biotypes were identified. Type 1 corresponded exactly to the cucurbit host-race and the other 4 biotypes were found as cotton host-races. Type 3 was the most abundant biotype in cotton fields in northern China. 相似文献
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Carmine spider mites(Tetranychus cinnabarinus) and cotton aphids(Aphis gossypii) are both serious pests of cotton,and cause reductions in yields of this key agricultural crop.In order to gain insights into how plant defense responses induced by one herbivore species affect the behavior and performance of another,we examined how infestation with T.cinnabarinus influences the development of A.gossypii using cotton as a model.In this study,we measured the activities of several important biochemical markers and secondary metabolites in the leaves of cotton seedlings responding to infestation by T.cinnabarinus.Furthermore,the influences of T.cinnabarinus infestation on the development of A.gossypii in cotton were also examined.Our data showed that the activities of several key defense enzymes,including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL),peroxidase(POD),lipoxygenase(LOX),and polyphenol oxidase(PPO),were substantially increased in cotton seedlings responding to spider mite infestation.Further,the contents of gossypol and condensed tannins,key defensive compounds,were significantly enhanced in leaves of cotton seedlings following T.cinnabarinus infestation.Moreover,the T.cinnabarinus-induced production of defense enzymes and secondary metabolites was correlated with infestation density.The developmental periods of A.gossypii on cotton seedling leaves infested with T.cinnabarinus at densities of 10 and 15 individuals cm–2 were 1.16 and 1.18 times that of control,respectively.Meanwhile,the mean relative growth rates of A.gossypii on cotton leaves infested with T.cinnabarinus at densities of 8,10 and 15 individuals cm–2 were significantly reduced.Therefore,these data suggested that the developmental periods of A.gossypii were significantly lengthened and the mean relative growth rates were markedly reduced when cotton aphids were reared on plants infested with high densities of spider mites.This research sheds light on the role that inducible defense responses played in plant-mediated interspecific interactions between T.cinnabarinus and A.gossypii. 相似文献
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A sublethal concentration of afidopyropen suppresses the population growth of the cotton aphid,Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) 
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下载免费PDF全文 The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an important insect pest of cotton crops worldwide. The objectives of this study were to determine the acute toxicity of afidopyropen and whether there are any effects of sublethal concentrations of afidopyropen on the biological characteristics of A. gossypii. The results showed that afidopyropen possesses high acute toxicity to adult A. gossypii with a 72 h LC50 value of 1.062 mg L–1. A sublethal concentration (LC10) of afidopyropen significantly decreased adult longevity, fecundity and oviposition days of female adults in both F0 and F1 generations. The total pre-adult survival of F1 progeny was also significantly reduced by 30% at the LC10 of afidopyropen. In addition, the nymph developmental time, pre-adult period, adult pre-reproductive period (APRP), and total pre-reproductive period (TPRP) of the F1 progeny were significantly prolonged compared with the control. Several population parameters, including the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) of F1 progeny were significantly decreased by a sublethal afidopyropen concentration exposure. These results indicated that sublethal concentration of afidopyropen can significantly suppress A. gossypii population growth. It would be useful for assessing the overall effects of afidopyropen on A. gossypii. 相似文献
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转Cry1A基因棉对棉蚜生长发育及种群动态的影响 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
棉蚜 (AphisgossypiiGlover)是棉花的重要害虫之一。为了明确长江中游棉区Bt棉花对棉蚜发生的影响 ,笔者在实验室和田间研究了Bt棉花棉蚜的发生规律。实验室棉蚜种群生命表的研究表明 ,取食Bt棉花GK19、BG1560和普通棉花泗棉 3号棉蚜的生命参数无显著差别。 2 0 0 1～ 2 0 0 2年在湖北省天门市的大田研究表明 ,Bt棉GK19、BG1560和未施药泗棉 3号棉蚜的发生和危害没有显著差异 相似文献
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LIU Fang-hua KANG Zhi-wei TAN Xiao-ling FAN Yong-liang TIAN Hong-gang LIU Tong-xian 《农业科学学报》2020,19(6):1464-1474
Cereal aphids are major insect pests of wheat, which cause significant damages to wheat production. Previous studies mainly focused on the resistance of different wheat varieties to one specific aphid species. However, reports on the physiology and defense responses of wheat to different cereal aphids are basically lacking. In this work, we studied the feeding behavior of three cereal aphids: the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae(Fabricius), the greenbugs, Schizaphis graminum(Rondani), and the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi(Linnaeus) on winter wheat, and the physiology and defense responses of wheat to the infestation of these cereal aphids with focus on how these cereal aphids utilize divergent strategies to optimize their nutrition requirement from wheat leaves. Our results indicated that S. graminum and R. padi were better adapted to penetrating phloem tissue and to collect more nutrition than S. avenae. The harm on wheat physiology committed by S. graminum and R. padi was severer than that by S. avenae, through reducing chlorophyll concentration and interfering metabolism genes. Furthermore, cereal aphids manipulated the plant nutrition metabolism by increasing the relative concentration of major amino acids and percentage of essential amino acids. In addition, different cereal aphids triggered specific defense response in wheat. All of these results suggested that different cereal aphids utilize divergent strategies to change the physiological and defense responses of their host plants in order to optimize their nutrition absorption and requirement. These findings not only extend our current knowledge on the insect–plant interactions but also provide useful clues to develop novel biotechnological strategies for enhancing the resistance and tolerance of crop plants against phloem-feeding insects. 相似文献
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《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2009,68(1-2):64-70
Outbreaks of greenbug and Russian wheat aphid appear in the Great Plains almost every year and have had significant impacts on wheat yields. Early detection of aphid infestation is a critical part of integrated pest management (IPM) for wheat production. A study was done to determine the feasibility of using remote sensing techniques to detect stress in wheat caused by aphid infestation. The purpose of this greenhouse study was to characterize and differentiate stress in wheat due to infestation by greenbugs and Russian Wheat aphids using a hand-held Cropscan radiometer. Reflectance data and derived vegetation indices from the 16 bands of the radiometer were analyzed using SAS PROC MIXED statistical analysis procedure. Results show that it is possible to detect the stress caused by the two aphid species and to discriminate between the two aphid-induced stresses in wheat using remote sensing. Ratio-based vegetation indices (based on 800/450 nm and 950/450 nm) were found useful in differentiating the two stresses in wheat. However, more canopy-level-studies are needed to identify bands and indices that might have potential to differentiate the two stresses on wheat under field conditions. 相似文献
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夏季木槿上棉蚜的种群动态及其寄主利用能力 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】阐明南京地区冬寄主木槿上棉蚜种群年生活史的分化。【方法】采用定点、定株、定枝的系统调查及寄主转接建立生命表方法,比较夏季木槿上滞留棉蚜及棉花上棉蚜在主要夏寄主植物上的存活与繁殖能力。【结果】2006年和2007年的整个夏季,棉蚜的冬寄主木槿上均有滞留棉蚜种群存在,并且这些滞留棉蚜均以无翅型为主。木槿上夏季滞留棉蚜不能直接在黄瓜、香瓜、西葫芦、南瓜、四季豆和西红柿等寄主上繁殖后代和建立种群,仅极少部分个体可在棉花和豇豆上发育到成蚜并产仔,但产仔量极低,净增殖率多小于1。但是,滞留棉蚜经棉花寄主饲养多代后,能较好地利用棉花和南瓜寄主,表现出滞留棉蚜仍保持着对一些夏寄主的利用能力。【结论】南京地区冬寄主木槿上的棉蚜种群存在年生活史的多样性,同种群内存在异寄主生活史和同寄主生活史共存的现象;在木槿上营同寄主生活史的棉蚜已经失去或降低了对一些夏寄主的利用能力;棉蚜种群的转寄主生活史特性具有可塑性。 相似文献
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棉蚜(Aphis gossypii Glover)的苗蚜和伏蚜为害春套棉、夏套棉和夏直播棉形成的卷叶株的空间分布,经4种频次比较法测定,属负二项式分布或核心分布;经6种聚集指标公式测定,属聚集分布。求得了它们的理论抽样次数。分析提出以双对角线10点取样,苗蚜期每点20株、伏蚜期每点10株取样调查方法。组建了它们的序贯抽样调查表,为实施防治指标调查等提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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麦棉套作的物候变化及其对麦棉生长发育的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对麦棉套作物候变化的研究,找出了麦棉套作的合理类型:以粮为主兼顾棉花,宜采用窄空带类型,小麦占地面积60％以上,预留空带宽53～72cm;粮棉兼顾型以单位面积产值为目标,宜采用宽空带类型,小麦占地面积50％左右,麦棉间距26.4～36.3cm,预留空带宽103～122cm(棉花窄行距为50cm)。 相似文献
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基于碳足迹角度的中国小麦生产可持续性评价 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为探究我国小麦生产碳足迹的时空动态,分析小麦生产的可持续性,本研究基于2005—2014年中国小麦生产的农资投入及产量数据,系统分析我国小麦生产的碳足迹、净碳吸收量与可持续性指数的变化。结果表明,2005—2014年,我国小麦生产系统表现为碳汇,小麦生产过程中化肥施用所造成的碳足迹最大,占总碳足迹的比例为55.25%~64.77%。2005—2014年随着小麦产量的提高,我国小麦生产的净碳吸收量逐年上升,生产过程中产生的温室气体排放对环境的影响逐年降低,可持续性指数逐年升高。小麦生产的碳足迹、净碳吸收量及可持续性指数与小麦产量之间存在着显著的相关性,每公顷小麦产量提高1 000kg,碳足迹增加434.20kg/hm~2(R~2=0.328,P0.05),净碳吸收总量增加3.56×10~7 t(R~2=0.663,P0.01),可持续性指数增加0.50(R~2=0.949,P0.01)。分析小麦生产可持续性指数时间和空间上的动态变化发现,不同省份年际间差异显著,河北、安徽和湖北等省份小麦生产可持续性指数呈现出逐年上升的趋势,黑龙江、新疆和云南呈现逐年下降的趋势。采取合理的农作措施培肥土壤,提高地力,合理减少化肥使用,提高灌溉效率,提高小麦生产的可持续性,有利于应对和缓解气候变化。 相似文献
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新疆南部棉区棉铃虫发生趋势及Bt棉花的控制效率 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
【目的】新疆南部棉花种植区已发展成为中国棉花产业的重要基地。作为棉花生产的重要影响因素，棉铃虫具有在新疆南部猖獗危害的生物学基础。【方法】本文报道了南疆棉铃虫发生趋势及转Bt基因抗虫棉对棉铃虫控制效率的研究结果。【结果】1993～2004年对麦田一代棉铃虫幼虫数量变化的监测显示，1997年后棉铃虫的发生危害逐年上升，表明南疆粮棉混作区种植制度的改革已导致棉铃虫成为农业生产的重要害虫。2002～2004年对抗虫棉GK19（表达Cry1A杀虫蛋白）、SGK321（表达Cry1A 和 CpTI杀虫蛋白）和对照品种棉铃虫种群动态的研究显示，二代棉铃虫是南疆地区棉花的主要危害代别，抗虫棉花对幼虫的控制效率可达75%以上。在棉铃虫发生中等年份，转基因抗虫棉花可有效地控制棉铃虫的危害。【结论】鉴于棉铃虫的严重危害，南疆地区有必要发展基于Bt棉花的棉花害虫综合防治技术。 相似文献
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试验结果表明，麦棉不同配置方式对棉花的生长发育及其环境因子有极显著的影响。麦棉套种棉苗迟发晚熟是由于预留行内光照、土壤水分、地表温度等条件较差所致。几种配置方式相比，以４行小麦宽０．６ｍ，预留行宽１．０ｍ的配置方式较为适宜。 相似文献
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Performance of Three Adelphocoris spp.（Hemiptera： Miridae） on Flowering and Non-flowering Cotton and Alfalfa 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 GAO Zhen PAN Hong-sheng LIU Bing LU Yan-hui LIANG Ge-mei 《农业科学学报》2014,13(8):1727-1735
The genus Adelphocoris（Hemiptera： Miridae） is a group of key insect pests in cotton fields in China that includes three dominant species： A. suturalis（Jakovlev）, A. lineolatus（Goeze） and A. fasciaticollis（Reuter）. Previous field surveys have found that adults of these Adelphocoris species usually move onto specific host plants when the plants enter the flowering stage. To determine the potential trade-offs for this host-plant preference behavior, the performance of these three Adelphocoris spp. on flowering and non-flowering cotton and alfalfa were compared in the laboratory. The results showed that Adelphocoris spp. had significantly higher nymphal developmental and survival rates, along with increased adult longevity and fecundity on flowering cotton and alfalfa than on non-flowering plants of either species. In addition, compared with cotton plants, alfalfa generally promoted better performance of these three Adelphocoris species, especially for A. lineolatus. Simple correlation analysis indicated that female adult longevity was positively correlated to male adult longevity and female fecundity, and female fecundity was positively correlated to nymphal development and survival rates. This study demonstrated a positive correlation between adult preference and offspring/adult performance for all three Adelphocoris species, with no evidence of any trade-offs for this preference for flowering host plants. These findings support the hypothesis that hemimetabolous insects such as mirid bugs have positive adult preference-adult/nymphal performance relationships, which is likely due to the similar feeding habits and nutritional requirements of adults and nymphs. 相似文献
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小麦是世界上第二大粮食作物,对我国粮食供给起到举足轻重的作用。但目前高产、抗病及抗逆性强的小麦品种较少,使小麦的生产受到一定制约。挖掘优异遗传资源,培育高产、优质、抗逆性强的小麦品种是小麦育种的重要任务。粗山羊草是小麦D基因组的供体,蕴含着大量抗病、抗虫、抗逆和改良小麦品质的基因。为挖掘其优异基因用于小麦育种,丰富小麦的遗传资源,对小麦育种工作起到推动或借鉴作用,对粗山羊草在分子水平和抗病、抗虫、抗逆方面的研究进展进行综述,介绍了在储藏蛋白方面的研究情况,以及粗山羊草在小麦育种上的应用。 相似文献
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为探讨冬小麦生产中合理群体结构的构建方法,在2009/2011和2012/2013年冬小麦生长季,利用3个田间试验建立不同冬小麦群体,分析冬小麦群体动态变化特征对产量的影响,并提出冬小麦群体参数优化设计的方法。研究结果表明:产量的形成与干物质最大积累速率、干物质快速增长的延续点及叶面积指数(LAI)动态变化特征参数相关,所建立的关系模型达到极显著水平(P0.01),对模型进一步用独立样本进行配对t检验,模拟值与实际值差异不显著(P0.05);冬小麦参数设计中,不同时期的干物质积累、LAI变化和群体生长特征参数的范围以及产量与群体的关系构成约束条件;该方法能定量描述冬小麦群体最优的生长动态过程,且灵活方便。本方法能为作物生产管理中合理群体结构的构建提供理论分析手段。 相似文献
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不同寄主植物对棉蚜酯酶活性及杀虫剂敏感性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过分析研究取食5种寄主植物的棉蚜对杀虫剂的抗药性及其α-乙酸萘酯酯酶对杀虫剂不敏感性的频率分布,为棉蚜抗药性的治理提供理论依据。结果表明,取食不同寄主植物的棉蚜对杀虫剂的敏感性存在一定的差异。取食不同寄主植物棉蚜的酯酶活力及杀虫剂对棉蚜酯酶的抑制作用均不相同。其中,棉花棉蚜种群中具有高酯酶活力的个体多于其它4种寄主植物棉蚜,杀虫剂对棉花棉蚜酯酶的抑制率也小于其它寄主植物棉蚜。表明取食寄主植物不同,可影响棉蚜解毒酶活力及其对杀虫剂的耐药性。 相似文献
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Effects of deep vertical rotary tillage on the grain yield and resource use efficiency of winter wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Fen WU Li-chao ZHAI Ping XU Zheng-bin ZHANG Elamin Hafiz BAILLO Lemessa Negasa TOLOSA Roy Njoroge KIMOTHO Xiu-ling JIA Hai-qian GUO 《农业科学学报》2021,20(2):593-605
Tillage represents an important practice that is used to dynamically regulate soil properties,and affects the grain production process and resource use efficiency of crops.The objectives of this 3-year field study carried out in the Huang-Huai-Hai(HHH) Plain of China were to compare the effects of a new deep vertical rotary tillage (DVRT) with the conventional shallow rotary tillage (CT) on soil properties,winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency at different productivity levels,and to identify a comprehensive management that optimizes both grain yield and resource use efficiency in the HHH Plain.A split-plot design was adopted in field experiments in the winter wheat growing seasons of 2016–2017 (S1),2017–2018 (S2) and 2018–2019 (S3),with DVRT (conducted once in June 2016) and CT performed in the main plots.Subplots were treated with one of four targeted productivity level treatments (SH,the super high productivity level;HH,the high productivity and high efficiency productivity level;FP,the farmer productivity level;ISP,the inherent soil productivity level).The results showed that the soil bulk density was reduced and the soil water content at the anthesis stage was increased in all three years,which were due to the significant effects of DVRT.Compared with CT,grain yields,partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFP_N),and water use efficiency (WUE) under DVRT were increased by 22.0,14.5 and 19.0%.Path analysis and direct correlation decomposition uncovered that grain yield variation of winter wheat was mostly contributed by the spike numbers per area under different tillage modes.General line model analysis revealed that tillage mode played a significant role on grain yield,PFP_N and WUE not only as a single factor,but also along with other factors(year and productivity level) in interaction manners.In addition,PFP_N and WUE were the highest in HH under DVRT in all three growth seasons.These results provided a theoretical basis and technical support for coordinating the high yield with high resource use efficiency of winter wheat in the resource-restricted region in the HHH Plain of China. 相似文献
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为了评价不同来源小麦品种(系)对禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi L.)的抗性,应用每株麦苗上接1头蚜虫的方法,在人工气候室内,对禾谷缢管蚜在10个小麦品种(系)上的5个生物学参数发育历期DD、成虫与幼虫的体重差DW、成虫在与发育历期相等时间内的产仔数F、相对日均体重增长率MRGR和成虫在与发育历期相等时间内的日均产仔数Rm进行了测定,并以此为基础用多元方差分析法、多目标综合判别法和聚类分析法评价了这10个小麦品种(系)对禾谷缢管蚜的抗性。结果表明,在试验的10个小麦品种(系)中,小偃22、Astron、Ww2730和Amigo最不适于禾谷缢管蚜(R.padi)在其上取食,抗性最好,98-10-35和Xanthus次之,98-10-32、186Tm和98-10-30处在中间水平,Batis对禾谷缢管蚜(R.padi)的适应性最好,抗性最差。证明Astron、Ww2730和Amigo可作为抗蚜育种材料在我国使用。 相似文献