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为了研究冬春季节放牧绵羊的营养状况,采用饱和链烷烃法,测定了新疆昭苏牧区春冬季放牧绵羊的牧草干物质采食量和消化率。结果表明:冬春季育成母羊牧草采食量分别为661.68g/d,856.92g/d,成年母羊牧草采食量分别为876.97g/d,1021.83g/d,绵羊春季牧草采食量高于冬季,差异显著(P0.05)。冬春季育成母羊牧草干物质消化率分别为39.05%、45.85%,成年母羊牧草干物质消化率分别为45.76%、50.50%,绵羊春季牧草干物质消化率高于冬季,差异显著(P0.05)。 相似文献
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藏北高寒牧区放牧藏绵羊采食与消化率的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在藏北高寒牧区的不同季节对放牧藏绵羊采用人工观测法、模拟采集牧草标样法及全收粪法,观测藏绵羊的放牧行为、采食行为,并进行采食量、采食牧草营养成分和消化率测定分析。结果表明:放牧藏绵羊冬春季较夏秋季游走、采食和彷徨时间明显延长,休息时间缩短;夏季采食速度和每口采食量均高于其他两季,三季中每只日均采食量分别为(1887.2±196.4)g、(1108.3±157.6)g和(526.2±98.2)g,三季间差异极显著(P0.01);夏季牧草的粗蛋白含量极显著(P0.01)高于冬春季和秋季,粗脂肪含量冬春季牧草明显均低于夏秋季(P0.01);酸性洗涤纤维含量冬春季极显著(P0.01)高于夏秋季;三季有机物和粗蛋白质消化率均差异不显著(P0.05),中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维消化率夏季与冬春季、秋季差异显著(P0.01)。 相似文献
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不同季节藏北高寒牧区放牧藏绵羊采食与消化率的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在藏北高寒牧区不同季节对放牧藏绵羊采用人工观测法、模拟采集牧草标样法及全收粪法,观测藏绵羊的放牧行为、采食行为以及进行采食量、采食牧草营养成分和消化率测定分析。结果表明：放牧藏绵羊冬春季较夏秋季游走、采食和彷徨时间延长,休息时间缩短;夏季采食速度和每口采食量均高于其它两季,三季中每只日均采食量分别为1887．2±196．4g、1108．3±157．6g和526．2±98．2g,三季间差异极显著（P〈0．01）;夏季牧草的粗蛋白（CP）含量极显著（P〈0．01）高于冬春季和秋季,粗脂肪（EE）含量冬春季牧草明显低于夏秋季（P〈0．01）;酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）含量冬春季极显著（P〈0．01）高于夏秋季;三季表观消化率（OM）和CP消化率均差异不显著（P〉0．05）,表观消化量（NDF）和ADF消化率夏季与冬春季、秋季差异显著（P〈0.01）。 相似文献
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甘肃河西牧区绵羊牧草和饲料矿物元素含量及盈缺分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
测定了甘肃河西主要绵羊产区草地牧草以及常用补饲草料中常量元素和微量元素的含量。从中可看出，草地牧草钠、磷含量明显不足；牧草中微量元素铜、锰、锌、钴虽然不存在缺乏状态，但由于牧草和补饲草料中铁的含量严重超量，影响铜、锰吸收，加之绵羊冬春季采食牧草量和补饲量不足，或受冬春季牧草消化率低的影响，可能导致绵羊缺乏这些元素。建议冬春季对绵羊补饲复合矿物质添加剂，以利于绵羊的健康和生产性能的提高。 相似文献
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高山草原放牧系统控制的研究 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
高山草原夏季牧场的牧草营养物质富余达1倍以上，秋季牧草供需相当，冬季可满足80％左右，春季不到40％；草地上的载畜量和畜增重夏牧场是5．08羊单位／hm^2和27.22kg/hm^2，秋牧场是5．59羊单位／hm^2和31.83kg/hm^2，冬季牧场是1．64羊单位/hm^2和－4.38kg/hm^2 ,春季牧场是1．64羊单位／hm^2和-7.10kg/hm^2。在牧草增长率和绵羊种群采食率轨迹图中出现2个平衡点，表明夏，秋牧场的牧草生产有贮藏效应，冬，春牧场为牧草亏缺期。只有采用系统耦合的效应力，方可使放牧系统健康发展。 相似文献
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肉鸭不同季节蛋白质需要量及析因模型比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验研究结合生产实践,采用大群生产试验方法,对标准化饲养的2 847个批次、3 094.4万只樱桃谷肉鸭,按统一的饲养方式和管理程序进行生产试验,研究了不同季节对肉鸭生产性能和蛋白质需要量的影响,并进行了肉鸭不同季节蛋白质需要量析因模型研究,结果表明:樱桃谷肉鸭达到基本一致的出栏体重的目标条件下,春、夏、秋、冬四个季节的饲养天数均差异显著(P<0.05),且夏、春、秋、冬四个季节依次减少;秋季的饲料消耗量显著高于春季和夏季(P<0.05);冬季的料重比显著高于春季(P<0.05)。樱桃谷肉鸭地面饲养模式下,维持需要的粗蛋白质:夏季<春季<秋季<冬季;增重需要的粗蛋白质:夏季>春季>秋季>冬季。不同季节蛋白质需要量可用以下析因模型进行预测:春季:CPR=211.0BGW+6.315W0.75;夏季:CPR=220.9BGW+6.013W0.75;秋季:CPR=202.5BGW+7.591W0.75;冬季:CPR=185.5BGW+8.138W0.75。式中:CPR——肉鸭粗蛋白质需要量[g(/d.只)];BGW——活体增重[kg(/d.只)];W0.75——代谢体重(kg) 相似文献
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藏系绵羊瘤胃细菌区系的季节动态分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文旨在研究不同季节牧草营养成分变化及藏系绵羊瘤胃细菌区系的季节动态变化.试验在不同季节分别随机选取3只藏系绵羊,采用PCR-DGGE技术对12只藏系绵羊瘤胃内容物中的细菌区系进行分子生态学的分析,对细菌16S rDNA的V6～V8可变区的扩增产物进行DGGE图谱分析、相似性分析和Shannon多样指数分析.结果表明:(1)秋季瘤胃细菌种群丰富度极显著(P<0.01)高于冬、春季节,显著(P<0.05)高于夏季,而其他3个季节之间差异不显著(P>0.05);(2)瘤胃细菌区系组成结构在春季和夏季相似性高于90%,在秋、冬季相似性低于70%,而春、夏季与秋、冬季之间的相似性低于60%;(3)夏季牧草中DE和CP含量极显著(P<0.01)高于其他季节,其瘤胃液pH极显著(P<0.01)低于其他季节,瘤胃细菌区系丰富度也相应降低;秋季牧草的DE和CP含量显著(P<0.05)高于春、冬季节,其瘤胃液pH范围为7.1～7.3,瘤胃细菌区系丰富度高于其他3个季节.由以上结果可以看出,不同季节瘤胃内优势菌群发生了改变,瘤胃细菌区系的季节变化与瘤胃pH、瘤胃内容物的物理特性、营养成分及其比例等有关. 相似文献
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Juan Daniel Jiménez-Rosales Ricardo Daniel Améndola-Massiotti Juan Andrés Burgueño-Ferreira Rodolfo Ramírez-Valverde Pedro Topete-Pelayo Maximino Huerta-Bravo 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(3):531-536
This study aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that mixed sequential grazing of dairy cows and breeding ewes is beneficial. During the seasons of spring–summer 2013 and autumn–winter 2013–2014, 12 (spring–summer) and 16 (autumn–winter) Holstein Friesian cows and 24 gestating (spring–summer) and lactating (autumn–winter) Pelibuey ewes grazed on six (spring–summer) and nine (autumn–winter) paddocks of alfalfa and orchard grass mixed pastures. The treatments “single species cow grazing” (CowG) and “mixed sequential grazing with ewes as followers of cows” (MixG) were evaluated, under a completely randomized design with two replicates per paddock. Herbage mass on offer (HO) and residual herbage mass (RH) were estimated by cutting samples. The estimate of herbage intake (HI) of cows was based on the use of internal and external markers; the apparent HI of ewes was calculated as the difference between HO (RH of cows) and RH. Even though HO was higher in CowG, the HI of cows was higher in MixG during spring–summer and similar in both treatments during autumn–winter, implying that in MixG the effects on the cows HI of higher alfalfa proportion and herbage accumulation rate evolving from lower residual herbage mass in the previous cycle counteracted that of a higher HO in CowG. The HI of ewes was sufficient to enable satisfactory performance as breeding ewes. Thus, the benefits of mixed sequential grazing arose from higher herbage accumulation, positive changes in botanical composition, and the achievement of sheep production without negative effects on the herbage intake of cows. 相似文献
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D.I. Bransby 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2013,30(1):14-15
Abstract Four levels of available dry matter (DM) were maintained on a continuously grazed irrigated Midmar Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) pasture by means of a “put‐and‐take” grazing procedure. The pasture was stocked with three successive sets of weaned lambs in winter, spring and early summer respectively. The relation between average daily gains (ADG) and available DM was positively linear At equivalent levels of available DM, gains were greater in spring than in either the winter and summer periods (P ≤0,01), but there were no differences in gains between winter and summer. There was a negative linear relation between average stocking rate (the rate required to achieve a given level of herbage availability) and available DM. Stocking rates in spring and summer were not significantly different, but both were higher (P≤0,01) than those in winter. Within the range of the differential treatments applied, relations between stocking rate and ADG were negatively linear, and there was an interactive effect (P≤0,01) between stocking rate and grazing period. Changes in ADG with a unit change in stocking rate were greatest in winter, intermediate in summer and least in spring. Gains/ha were curvilinearly related to available DM. The curves indicate that the amounts of available DM required for maximum gains/ha were least in spring, intermediate in summer and greatest in winter. From a serial cutting trial conducted concurrently with the grazing, a growth rate curve was developed for Midmar ryegrass. This curve had two maxima, with the maximum growth rate in spring being more than double that in autumn. The in vitro digestible organic matter content and crude protein content decreased from 80,6% and 24,1% in autumn to 63,1% and 10,6%, respectively, in summer. Crude fibre content increased from 10,1 % in autumn to 30,1 % in summer. 相似文献
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J.E. Danckwerts 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2013,30(2):65-70
Oesophageal fistulated steers were used to sample herbage daily during periods of occupation on veld in good and moderate condition. Forage quality was assessed in terms of in vitro dry matter digestibility and digestible crude protein. The quality of herbage ingested remained fairly constant as forage availability declined during periods of occupation, even when swards were grazed very severely. Digestibility declined somewhat from spring through to winter, but digestible crude protein content in the diet was unaffected by time of year. The quality of forage ingested during winter was nevertheless still high, even after a full growing season's rest. It was sufficient for growing steers to gain 0,75 kg livemass per day. Trends were similar on both veld condition types. It was concluded that, in semi‐arid grassveld of the eastern Cape, forage availability is likely to have a greater influence on animal performance than forage quality. 相似文献
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THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF EQUINE STRONGYLOSIS IN SOUTHERN QUEENSLAND 1. The Bionomics of the Free-Living Stages in Faeces and on Pasture 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A. W. English 《Australian veterinary journal》1979,55(7):299-305
SUMMARY Development of the free-living stages of strongylid nematodes of the horse to the infective stage occurred in faeces in all months of the year in southern Queensland, at a rate which depended on the season. Most rapid development to the infective stage occurred in the warmer months, with the hatching of strongyle eggs being completed in 2 days in summer. During the winter, egg hatching continued for over 2 weeks. Larval moults proceeded at a faster rate in summer—all larvae were infective in 7 days during the hottest months, but it was as long as 5 weeks before all were infective in winter. However, even though development was rapid in summer, survival rates varied from 1 to 10%, in contrast to the spring and autumn, when over 80% reached the infective stage. One percent of larvae in faeces survived for up to 20 weeks in autumn and winter, but for only 4 weeks in summer. These results highlight the inadequacy of short-term pasture spelling for all but the hottest months. Infective larvae were found on herbage in all months of the year, but greatest numbers were recovered in spring and early summer, and in autumn and early winter. The relationship of pasture infestation to migration of larvae from Paecal reservoirs in response to rain was clearly shown. Most infective larvae were found within 30 cm of faecal masses, and in fact 89% of all larvae isolated from herbage in this study were found within 15 cm of faeces. Migration of larvae from faeces to herbage occurred with falls of rain as small as 25 mm. Horse faecal masses dried out completely in 6–8 days in summer and in 14–16 days in winter. Strongyle larvae developed to the infective stage in faeces in the absence of rain, although many remained in the pre-infective stage and completed their development when rain fell. This study shows that massive contamination of pastures with the eggs of strongylid nematodes must be prevented in spring and autumn if susceptible young horses are not to be at serious risk. 相似文献
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青藏高原天然草场放牧牦牛体重和体成分变化动态 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用逐月称重法和季节屠宰实验获得青藏高原放牧牦牛的体重和体成分变化的季节性动态规律。结果表明,放牧牦牛在出生后第一个冷季的体重下降幅度远低于第二个冷季,牦牛在秋季每公斤增重的能量含量以及秋季日增重均高于夏季,而冬季每公斤减重的能量含量则远高于春季。牦牛在第二个暖季所积累的能量约有一半以上在第二个冷季被消耗。在夏季和秋季增重过程中,牦牛的增重成分中都以水分为主,在秋季增重中,尽管增重成分中仍以水为主,但蛋白和脂肪所占的比例有所增加,因此每公斤增重的能量积累也明显升高。牦牛在冬春季体重下降过程中所损失的能量主要靠体蛋白的分解,尤其在第二个冬季掉膘期,这一趋势更加明显。 相似文献
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青藏高原天然草场放牧家畜的采食量动态研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
用4N盐酸不溶灰份法测定牦牛和高山细毛羊的采食量季节动态,结果发现:在夏季、秋季和冬季,牦牛的采食量随年龄增大而增大(5岁前:P<0.01;5～6岁之间:P<0.05),6岁以后规律不明显;在春季,5岁、6岁和7岁牦牛的采食量间无显著差异(P>0.05)。在任何季节,6岁和7岁牦牛的采食量间无显著差异(P>0.05)。一岁牦牛的采食量在冬季最高,夏季次之,其它所有年龄组的牦牛的采食量在春季最高,冬季次之;所有牦牛的秋季采食量最低。高山细毛羊的采食量季节波动与牦牛类似,除1岁高山细毛羊的采食量在冬季和夏季最高,其它所有年龄组的高山细毛羊的采食量在春季最高,冬季次之;所有试羊的秋季采食量最低。用二次方程预测了牦牛从1岁起的累计牧草消耗量(AFC)与牦牛年龄间的关系,拟合度很高,R2均大于99.9%。牦牛的牧草消耗量随年龄而上升的速率远高于高山细毛羊,但相同年龄的牦牛和高山细毛羊,高山细毛羊每公斤体重所消耗的牧草量高于牦牛。 相似文献
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A lactation trial involving 105 sows was conducted to determine the effect of 12% roasted or raw, ground, whole, shelled peanuts on sow weight change during lactation, feed intake, piglet and litter weight gain, milk composition, and days to return to postweaning estrus. The trial was conducted using three sow groups during two farrowing seasons, summer (July to September) and winter (December to February). Diets were based on corn plus soybean meal. Diets contained either 5% animal fat or equivalent added fat from 12% roasted or raw, ground, shelled peanuts. The replacement of animal fat by roasted or raw peanuts had no effect (P greater than .20) on sow weight change, average daily feed intake during lactation or days to estrus postweaning, or on piglet weight gain or survival. Milk composition (percentage fat and protein) was not altered (P greater than .20) by source of fat in the summer; however, in the winter, sows fed roasted peanuts had higher (P less than .05) milk fat and protein percentage at 3 d postfarrowing than other treatment groups. At d 7, sows fed 12% roasted or raw peanuts had higher (P less than .05) milk protein than sows fed 5% animal fat. Sows farrowing in the summer had greater (P less than .01) weight loss and consumed less (P less than .05) feed during lactation than sows farrowing in the winter. Sows farrowed in the summer had larger (P less than .05) litters at birth and 14 d postfarrowing and greater (P less than .10) piglet and litter weight gain postfarrowing than those farrowed in the winter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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Longevity in faeces, migration to and survival on herbage of mixed strongyle infective larvae (approximately 70% cyathostomes: 30% large strongyles) from experimentally deposited horse faeces was studied in the dry tropical region of North Queensland for up to 2 years. Larvae were recovered from faeces deposited during hot dry weather for a maximum of 12 weeks, up to 32 weeks in cool conditions, but less than 8 weeks in hot wet summer. Translation to herbage was mainly limited to the hot wet season (December-March), except when unseasonal winter rainfall of 40-50 mm per month in July and August allowed some additional migration. Survival on pasture was estimated at 2-4 weeks in the summer wet season and 8-12 weeks in the autumn-winter dry season (April-August). Hot dry spring weather (pre-wet season) was the most unfavourable for larval development, migration and survival. Peak counts of up to 60,000 larvae kg-1 dry herbage were recorded. The seasonal nature of pasture contamination allowed the development of rational anthelmintic control programs based on larval ecology. 相似文献
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甘南玛曲不同年龄欧拉型藏羊放牧采食量季节动态研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为确立高寒地区天然草地欧拉型藏羊放牧采食量的季节动态变化,本试验采用TiO2外源指示剂法和瘤胃尼龙袋法分别测定欧拉型藏羊不同季节排粪量和牧草消化率从而计算放牧采食量。结果表明:玛曲高寒草地牧草干物质消化率(DMD)和粗蛋白(CP)含量夏季显著(P < 0.05)高于冬春季与秋季;欧拉型藏羊各年龄段排粪量3季差异显著(P < 0.05)且秋季 > 夏季 > 冬春季;随着年龄增长,欧拉型藏羊三季牧草采食量均有增大的趋势,同年龄段不同季节的藏羊采食量和代谢采食量(除4岁母羊)差异显著(P < 0.05)且秋季 > 夏季 > 冬春季;各年龄段藏羊累计牧草消耗量(AFC)差异显著(P < 0.05)分别为339.37,757.58,1185.93和1655.61 kg。由此可见,牧草干机物质消化率、排粪量和采食量夏秋季较高、冬春季较低,随着年龄增大排粪量和采食量有增高的趋势。因此,在高寒牧区应提倡草地季节性畜牧业,充分考虑牧草营养与动物营养需求之间的耦合性来提高经济和生态效益。 相似文献
20.
新疆放牧绵羊的限制性矿物质元素调查 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过新疆5个羊场矿物质元素营养的研究，以了解新疆全年草场有关矿物元素的变化情况，缺乏程度及缺乏时间。研究表明：5个羊场中牧草含P量在秋草场至冬草场均表现缺乏。含Na量在塔城种羊场一年四季草场均缺乏，在阿勒泰二牧场冬、春、夏草场Na出现明显缺乏，而在秋草场又明显超出需要量；在巩乃斯种羊场春、夏草场明显缺乏，冬、牧草场又明显超量。5个羊场牧草含Se、Zn量的测定值明显低于需要量。而含Fe量在5个羊场中都不同程度地超过最高限量。牧草中元素Fe与Mn之间存在措抗作用；Mo、Cu比例少于1：4，绵羊体内仍表现缺Cu症。通过全面分析对比，初步确定在新疆5个种羊场天然草场上放牧的羊群，存在着P、Na、Zn、Mn、Se和Cu6种限制性矿物元素季节性营养紊乱现象。 相似文献