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离心管药膜法测试12种杀虫剂对香蕉花蓟马的毒力 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
室内采用离心管药膜法,选用12种杀虫剂原药对香蕉花蓟马若、成虫进行了毒力测定。结果显示,供试药剂对香蕉花蓟马二龄若虫的毒力(LC50)大小顺序为:甲维盐(1.63 mg/L)毒死蜱(2.18 mg/L)阿维菌素(5.11 mg/L)啶虫脒(5.86 mg/L)高效氯氰菊酯(5.90 mg/L)吡虫啉(6.59 mg/L)噻虫嗪(6.72 mg/L)噻虫胺(11.49 mg/L)杀虫单(13.25 mg/L)功夫菊酯(14.56 mg/L)噻嗪酮(20.47 mg/L)吡蚜酮(55.26 mg/L);对成虫的毒力(LC50)大小顺序为:甲维盐(2.82 mg/L)毒死蜱(4.46 mg/L)啶虫脒(6.41 mg/L)吡虫啉(6.62 mg/L)阿维菌素(6.83 mg/L)噻虫嗪(7.43 mg/L)高效氯氰菊酯(9.94 mg/L)噻虫胺(15.49 mg/L)功夫菊酯(15.87 mg/L)杀虫单(17.59 mg/L)噻嗪酮(30.26 mg/L)吡蚜酮(55.47 mg/L);供试药剂对成虫的LC50值不同程度大于若虫,表明药剂对香蕉花蓟马若虫的毒力高于成虫。 相似文献
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不同杀虫剂对花生蚜毒力及拌种控制效果研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为明确噻虫胺等9种杀虫剂对花生蚜虫的毒力和拌种处理对花生蚜虫的控制效果,采用浸渍法进行了室内毒力测定,并进行了盆栽和田间药剂拌种防治试验。结果表明,以新烟碱类噻虫胺、吡虫啉、啶虫脒和噻虫嗪对蚜虫的毒力最高,其毒力分别是毒死蜱的49.2、40.7、26.6和26.1倍;其次是吡蚜酮、高效氯氰菊酯和氯氟氰菊酯,哒螨灵的毒力是毒死蜱的3.9倍。盆栽药剂拌种处理后50d,噻虫胺、噻虫嗪和吡虫啉对花生蚜的防效达仍在89%以上。田间拌种处理后25d,噻虫胺、噻虫嗪和吡虫啉对蚜虫的防效均达100%,药后45d防效达87.07%~92.67%,其中以噻虫胺防效最高,而对照药剂毒死蜱几乎无控制效果。采用新烟碱类药剂噻虫胺、噻虫嗪和吡虫啉拌种,对花生苗期蚜虫控制效果优异,并可有效控制地下害虫,且对天敌保护作用强。 相似文献
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四种新烟碱类杀虫剂种子包衣对花生安全性及防治蛴螬效果评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为明确4种新烟碱类杀虫剂种子包衣对花生的安全性和防治蛴螬的效果,采用砂培法,评价20℃和25℃下吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺和烯啶虫胺4种新烟碱类杀虫剂以及对照药剂氟虫腈种子包衣对花生的出苗及幼苗生长的影响,并进行田间药效试验。结果表明,20℃和25℃下,除烯啶虫胺外,其它3种新烟碱类杀虫剂种子包衣对花生出苗率无影响;与对照相比,吡虫啉等4种新烟碱类杀虫剂对花生幼苗的促进生长作用均不显著;氟虫腈种子包衣对花生出苗和幼苗生长无影响。两地试验结果表明,吡虫啉、噻虫嗪和噻虫胺种子包衣的防虫效果和保果率差异不显著,其中噻虫胺的防虫效果和保果率均最高,在两地田间防效分别为68.91%、71.60%,保果率达67.42%、72.50%。氟虫腈种子包衣对蛴螬的防虫效果和保果率显著低于吡虫啉和噻虫胺。吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺和氟虫腈种子包衣显著提高花生荚果产量。吡虫啉、噻虫嗪和噻虫胺有效成分剂量均为140g/100kg种子,对花生安全,且对蛴螬有较好的防治效果。 相似文献
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结合室内饲养和田间观察,对双线卷裙夜蛾（Plecoptera bilinealis）的卵、幼虫、蛹及成虫的形态特征进行详细的描述,深入研究了其生活习性、生活史以及田间种群消长规律;采用滤纸药膜法进行了5种杀虫剂对双线卷裙夜蛾幼虫的室内毒力测定。结果表明,双线卷裙夜蛾在海南澄迈地区一年发生3代,无世代重叠,以蛹在3～5 cm松软的土壤中或者泥土包裹的土壳中越冬。双线卷裙夜蛾幼虫共有6龄,幼虫为害期为3～10月,5月中旬、7月中旬及9月上旬为危害盛期。药剂处理48 h后,吡虫啉、阿维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、高效氯氰菊酯及啶虫脒对幼虫的LC50分别0.767、1.179、1.679、2.174、13.998 mg/L,5种杀虫剂中吡虫啉和阿维菌素对双线卷裙夜蛾的幼虫具有较好的毒力效果。 相似文献
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几种杀虫剂对豆大蓟马的毒力测定及复配增效作用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
豆大蓟马是海南冬种豇豆的重要害虫,严重影响豇豆产品质量和商品价值。本文采用离心管药膜法,测定了毒死蜱、阿维菌素、高效氯氰菊酯、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、吡虫啉和啶虫脒等6种杀虫剂对豆大蓟马的毒力,并测定了甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐与其它5种杀虫剂复配的增效作用及最佳配比。结果表明:供试药剂对豆大蓟马毒力(LC50)大小顺序为:甲维盐(0.000 5 g/L)阿维菌素(0.056 1 g/L)毒死蜱(0.125 3 g/L)高效氯氰菊酯(0.165 4 g/L)啶虫脒(0.228 3 g/L)吡虫啉(19.803 5 g/L);以甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐与毒死蜱复配的共毒系数为776;甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐与毒死蜱配比为1∶9时的共毒系数为1 733。本研究为开发豆大蓟马防治药剂和田间化学防治提供了基本资料。 相似文献
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《花生学报》2017,(4)
为评价60%吡虫啉悬浮种衣剂、70%噻虫嗪种子处理可分散粉剂、20%噻虫胺悬浮剂、30%辛硫磷微囊悬浮剂、30%毒死蜱微囊悬浮剂5种药剂对花生拌种受土壤温湿度影响的安全性,本文采用小杯法测定了5种药剂拌种在不同土壤温湿度条件下对花生出苗及幼苗生长的影响差异。结果表明,在25℃、30℃下,吡虫啉、噻虫胺、噻虫嗪、毒死蜱使用田间推荐剂量拌种在60%和80%土壤相对湿度下对花生安全性均较高,出苗率均在85%以上,并且新烟碱类药剂吡虫啉、噻虫胺、噻虫嗪对花生地下根茎生长有明显的促进作用,而辛硫磷田间推荐剂量拌种对花生出苗有轻微抑制作用。当5种药剂使用加倍推荐剂量拌种时,在25℃和30℃条件下,除吡虫啉和噻虫胺外,其余3种药剂在60%土壤相对湿度下均不同程度抑制花生出苗和生长,其中噻虫嗪的抑制作用最明显;在80%土壤相对湿度下,5种药剂均显著抑制了花生出苗及幼苗生长。因此在生产中不能随意增加拌种剂的用量,并注意土壤温湿度的影响。 相似文献
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为筛选出防治牧草盲蝽的有效药剂,指导田间施药,以试管药膜法测定6种杀虫剂对牧草盲蝽的毒力大小。为确保方法的可行性,通过预备试验测定了试虫密度和短期（3 h）食物的有无对试管药膜法测定结果的影响,确定了合适的试验方法。然后利用此方法,测定了6种杀虫剂对牧草盲蝽4龄若虫的室内毒力。结果表明：在处理后24 h,阿维菌素、高效氯氟氰菊酯、毒死蜱、丁硫克百威、啶虫脒、噻虫嗪的致死中浓度（LC50）分别为43.39、43.71、52.32、127.32、141.48、166.08 mg·L－1;处理后48 h,LC50分别为23.24、28.16、23.35、65.38、92.59、102.17 mg·L－1。可见,阿维菌素对牧草盲蝽毒力最高,高效氯氟氰菊酯和毒死蜱次之,丁硫克百威、啶虫脒、噻虫嗪的相对毒力较低。 相似文献
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通过田间小区试验比较了70%噻虫嗪种子处理水分散粒剂WDG(锐胜)、60%吡虫啉悬浮种衣剂FS(高巧)、3%辛硫磷颗粒剂GR、40%毒死蜱辛硫磷乳油EC、15%阿维毒死蜱乳油EC、15%阿维辛硫磷乳油EC 6种杀虫剂对大豆田蛴螬的防治效果及大豆增产的效果。结果表明,药剂处理后,对大豆安全,未出现药害;70%噻虫嗪WDG对蛴螬的防效达79.41%,大豆增产率为45.43%;60%吡虫啉FS对蛴螬的防效为76.47%,大豆增产率为48.03%;70%噻虫嗪WDG和60%吡虫啉FS的试验效果显著高于防效和增产率分别在54.41%~69.12%、22.09%~34.56%之间的其他4种药剂;6种药剂对大豆苗期和成熟期大豆植株的株高、鲜重、单株豆荚数等指标均未产生显著影响。 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献