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1.
采用酶学分析法研究了单因子(温度、p H、发酵时间)变化对野生银鲳(Pampus argenteus)消化道内同时分泌蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶和脂肪酶中两种以上的5株菌株产酶活力的影响,即通过测定酶活力的大小找到每株菌最适产酶条件范围。结果显示,在温度31~37℃、p H 7~8、发酵时间3 d的条件下,5株产酶菌的蛋白酶活力最大;在不同温度和p H条件下,5菌株分泌的淀粉酶活力各不相同,但都随发酵时间的延长而增大,3~5 d达最大值;4株分泌纤维素酶的菌株纤维素酶活力受环境影响总体变化不大,在温度31~37℃、酸性条件(p H 5)和发酵时间4 d的条件下为活力最大;2株分泌脂肪酶的菌株在28~31℃、中性(p H 7)、发酵时间1 d条件下其脂肪酶活力最大,最大可接近180 U·m L-1,但活力都随发酵时间而显著下降。结果表明,不同产酶菌所分泌的消化酶活力所需的最适条件有很大不同,了解和掌握银鲳肠道中菌群的产酶条件,对开发潜在产酶益生菌有着积极的作用。 相似文献
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《渔业现代化》2015,(4)
水产品加工废弃物容易造成环境污染,但其富含蛋白质,如果加以充分利用可以减少环境污染和提高经济效益。目前,抗氧化肽已经得到了广泛的应用,已经筛选了1株解淀粉芽孢杆菌Hy-7,以其发酵水产加工废弃物得到了较高的抗氧化肽产率。以此为出发菌,采用紫外线诱变的方法筛选出1株蛋白酶活力较高的菌株Hy-743,以鲅鱼加工后的废弃物为原料,接种该菌株进行发酵。该突变株较未经紫外线诱变的出发菌蛋白酶活力提高了40.1%,酶解物总抗氧化活性提高了10.2%。经遗传稳定性测定,该突变株在传代8次之后其遗传稳定性仍然良好。对菌株Hy-743进行响应面法优化发酵条件,得到最佳发酵条件为发酵温度30℃、发酵时间48 h、培养基初始p H6.6、菌龄26 h,接种量2%、料液比1.7 g/50 m L。筛选出的菌株酶活力较强、遗传稳定性好,可以用于发酵水产品及其加工废弃物制取抗氧化肽。 相似文献
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从青岛近海的红藻(Gelidium amansii)中分离筛选到1株高活力的海洋琼胶降解菌AT-22，对其生长、产酶特性和酶活力影响因素进行初步研究。结果表明，AT-22所产琼胶酶为诱导酶，0．2％葡萄糖的添加对菌株产酶有抑制作用。该酶作用的最适pH值为6．0-7．0，最适温度为40℃，最适底物质量分数为1％～1．2％，Ca^2 的添加对酶促反应有较强的促进作用，而Fe^3 、Mn^2 、Cu^2 和Hg^2 等有不同程度的抑制作用。 相似文献
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采用16S r DNA-PCR菌群分离鉴定的方法,对循环水养殖条件下云纹石斑鱼(Epinehelus moara)幼鱼的胃、幽门盲囊、前肠、中肠和后肠的菌群结构进行了鉴定,用产酶菌筛选培养法对产消化酶的菌株进行了分离鉴定,并测试了各菌株消化酶的活力。研究发现,云纹石斑鱼幼鱼消化道内可培养的主要菌群为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、微小杆菌属(Exiguobacterium)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)和葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus),其中产消化酶的菌株占可培养菌的55.6%。在产酶菌中,同一株菌产3种酶的有5株;产2种酶的有9株;中肠和后肠的菌株数最为丰富,胃次之,幽门盲囊和前肠菌群种类较少;产脂肪酶的菌株都集中在中肠。产消化酶的菌株主要以产蛋白酶和淀粉酶为主,且产酶量丰富,产蛋白酶活力最高达(87.732±1.134)U/m L;淀粉酶活力为(77.176±0.599)~(73.458±0.574)U/m L;产纤维素酶的菌仅一株,且酶活力较低。分析得知,消化道的菌群结构直接影响了外源性消化酶的种类与活性。本研究为工厂化循环水养殖条件下产酶有益菌的筛选提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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近江牡蛎养殖水体中细菌产酶能力的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为了解近江牡蛎养殖水体中细菌的产酶特性 ,筛选出有应用潜力的有益菌 ,本实验从近江牡蛎养殖水体中分离到 32株菌。革兰氏染色表明 ,10株为革兰氏阳性菌 ,2 2株革兰氏阴性菌。在此基础上研究了它们蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶的产酶能力。结果表明 ,6 1.9% ( 17株 )的菌株能分泌蛋白酶 ,71.9% ( 2 3株 )菌株能分泌脂肪酶或淀粉酶 ,34.4 % ( 11株 )的菌株产纤维素酶。这些产酶菌株均以革兰氏阴性菌为主。在这 32株菌中 ,产四种酶的有 5株菌 ,产三种酶的有 9株菌 ,产两种酶的有 9株菌 ,产一种酶的有 9株菌 ,也就是说 ,所有的菌株都能产酶。由此表明近江牡蛎养殖水体中细菌在该环境物质循环中的重要地位。 相似文献
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为筛选到海洋来源的淀粉酶,采用Yoo改良法测酶活,对从浙江舟山群岛海域潮间带海泥样中筛选到的一株玫瑰暗黄链霉菌A46进行选育,通过紫外线和DES诱变处理,得到一株酶活为105.6 U/m L的突变株,该突变株酶活提高213.3%,经过10次传代,酶活仅下降3.6%,是一株性状稳定的优良菌株。在单因素实验的基础上应用Plackett-Burman实验设计和响应面分析方法(RSA)对该菌株的发酵条件进行系统优化,得到优化发酵条件:培养温度33℃、接种量2.25%、盐度23.4、初始p H值为8、转速200 r/min、装瓶量为20%、淀粉含量为0.5%、培养时间为72 h。研究表明,在此条件下的酶活为125.8 U/m L,酶活比优化前提高了19.1%。 相似文献
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植酸酶对3种植物性原料中植酸磷含量的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用微生物植酸酶分别对3种植物性原料(豆粕、玉米蛋白粉、小麦)进行酶处理,研究不同浓度植酸酶作用下3种植物性原料中植酸磷含量的变化。3种原料分别有6组处理(植酸酶对照0 U/kg,柠檬酸对照,500U/kg,750 U/kg,1000 U/kg,1500 U/kg),每组处理3个重复。结果表明:植酸酶能够显著降低3种植物性原料中植酸磷的含量(P<0.05),同时提升有效磷的含量。通过对磷当量的分析,本试验中以植酸酶组1000 U/kg最为经济有效。植酸酶对照组中植酸磷含量也有所下降,说明柠檬酸单独对植酸起到了一定的分解作用。 相似文献
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自吉富罗非鱼养殖池塘水体、底泥和鱼体肠道中筛选无乳链球菌拮抗株。对其中1株抑菌能力最强的菌株LT3-1进行溶血性、形态、生理生化、16S rRNA基因序列测定,并进一步对其抑菌活性与发酵时间的关系、抑菌物质对温度的耐受性、产酶性能、降解亚硝酸盐性能、药物敏感性、安全性试验、攻毒试验进行研究。鉴定结果表明,菌株LT3-1为枯草芽孢杆菌,无溶血性。液体发酵16 h时,抑菌活性最强,抑菌圈平均直径为(25.30±0.57) mm。随温度的升高抑菌活性下降,但仍然存在,说明抑菌物质有耐高温特性。枯草芽孢杆菌LT3-1具有水解蛋白、淀粉和纤维素的能力。亚硝酸盐降解试验表明,枯草芽孢杆菌LT3-1菌液密度为10^5 cfu/mL时,6 h即可将亚硝酸盐质量浓度由2.5 mg/L降至0.03 mg/L,降解率达98.8%( P <0.05)。枯草芽孢杆菌LT3-1对检测的9种抗生素均敏感,罗非鱼接种密度为10^7 cfu/mL的枯草芽孢杆菌LT3-1菌液200 μL后,仍然存活且未有异常表现。动物攻毒试验表明,添加0.05%枯草芽孢杆菌LT3-1菌粉的试验组罗非鱼存活率提高20%,显著高于对照组( P < 0.05 )。综上所述,筛选自吉富罗非鱼肠道的枯草芽孢杆菌LT3-1能有效拮抗罗非鱼无乳链球菌,可以作为防治当地罗非鱼无乳链球菌病的良好菌种资源。 相似文献
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Evidence confirms that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid, DHA are involved in growth as well in pigmentation of marine fish larvae.In the present study we examined the performance of common sole larvae reared on Artemia enriched with 10 formulated emulsions, differing in inclusions of ARA, EPA, and DHA. The specific growth rate of the sole larvae until late metamorphosis, 21 days after hatching (dah) was 20 to 27% d− 1. Even though the relative tissue essential fatty acid (EFA) concentrations significantly reflected dietary composition, neither standard growth nor larval survival were significantly related to the absolute concentrations of ARA, EPA and DHA or their ratios. This suggests low requirements for essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in common sole. Malpigmentation was significantly related to increased dietary ARA content. However, pigmentation was not affected by inclusion levels of EPA or DHA when ARA was high. This, and no relation between DHA: EPA or ARA: EPA ratios and pigmentation and only a weak relation to ARA: DHA ratio, advocate for that it is the absolute concentration of ARA in larval tissues, that is responsible for malpigmentation rather than the relative concentration to other PUFAs.Within malpigmentation, the trait “albinism” was characterised by an abnormal incomplete eye migration, but this trait is suggested not to be related to dietary ARA. Furthermore, albinism resulted in a lower growth rate, which suggests that visual aberrations affected prey capture. 相似文献
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J. Gordon Bell John D. Castell Douglas R. Tocher Fiona M. MacDonald John R. Sargent 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(2):139-151
Five purified diets containing AA (20:4n-6) at 0.02–0.78% dry weight and DHA (22:6n-3) at 0.93–0.17% dry weight were fed to duplicate groups of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) of initial weight 0.87 g for a period of 11 weeks. The dietary DHA:AA ratio ranged from 62 to 0.2. Incorporation of AA into liver phospholipids increased with increasing dietary AA input. Phospholipids from fish fed diets containing 0.02, 0.06 and 0.11% of dry weight as AA generally contained less AA compared to fish fed fish oil while those fed diets containing 0.35 and 0.78% of dry weight as AA had higher AA levels in their phospholipids. The highest levels of AA were found in PI but the greatest percentage increase in AA incorporation was in PE and PC. Brain phospholipid fatty acid compositions were less altered by dietary treatment than those of liver but DHA content of PC and PE in brain was substantially lower in fish fed 0.93% pure DHA compared to those fed fish oil. This suggests that dietary DHA must exceed 1% of dry weight to satisfy the requirements of the developing neural system in juvenile turbot. In both tissues, (20:5n-3) concentration was inversely related to both dietary and tissue PI AA concentration. Similar dietary induced changes in AA, EPA and DHA concentrations occurred in the phospholipids of heart, gill and kidney. PGE2 and 6-ketoPGF1 were measured in homogenates of heart, brain, gill and kidney. In general, fish fed the lowest dietary AA levels had reduced levels of prostaglandins in their tissue homogenates while those fed the highest level of AA had increased prostaglandin levels, compared to fish fed fish oil. In brains, the PGE2 concentration was only significantly increased in fish fed the highest dietary AA.Abbreviations AA
arachidonic acid
- DHA
docosahexaenoic acid
- EFA
essential fatty acid
- EPA
eicosapentaenoic acid
- HPTLC
high performance thin-layer chromatography
- HUFA
highly unsaturated fatty acid
- PC
phosphatidylcholine
- PE
phosphatidylethanolamine
- PGE
prostaglandin E
- PGE
prostaglandin E
- PI
phosphatidylinositol
- PS
phosphatidylserine
- PUFA
polyunsaturated fatty acid
- TLC
thin-layer chromatography 相似文献
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Senegal sole larvae were fed live prey enriched with different amounts of arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n‐6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3) to re‐evaluate the effect of these two fatty acids on flatfish pigmentation. Echium oil, a plant‐derived oil rich in gamma‐linolenic acid (18:3n‐6) and stearidonic acid (18:4n‐3) was also used as a component of one of the enrichment emulsions. Although ARA content did not have any effect on growth there was a clear influence on pigmentation that correlated clearly with prostaglandin production. Inclusion of Echium oil, on the contrary, exerted a positive effect on pigmentation rate even though dietary ARA levels were as high as in the other emulsions. The relationships between dietary ARA levels and dietary ARA/EPA ratio, prostaglandin production and pigmentation are discussed. 相似文献
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D.A. Nanton K. Ruohonen D.H.F. Robb A. El‐Mowafi G.F. Hartnell 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2012,18(6):640-650
The effects of stearidonic acid (SDA; 18:4n‐3) derived from SDA‐enhanced, genetically modified soybeans (Monsanto Company, St Louis, MO, USA) on growth performance and fatty acid (FA) composition of large Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar; 2.1 kg initial weight) were evaluated. There was a stepwise decrease in feed intake and subsequent weight gain of immature Atlantic salmon with increased replacement of fish oil by SDA soy oil from 0%, 50% to 100% added oil. SDA increased and n‐3 highly unsaturated FA (n‐3 HUFA; eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid) decreased in the diet and corresponding fillet with increased SDA oil inclusion. Salmon with the same weight gain fed SDA oil compared with rapeseed oil at 50% fish oil replacement had similar n‐3 HUFA fillet levels indicating little or no increased synthesis of n‐3 HUFA from SDA for deposition in the fillet. However, elongation of dietary SDA to 20:4n‐3 for deposition in the fillet of SDA oil fed fish was indicated. The increased SDA and 20:4n‐3 in the fillet of Atlantic salmon fed SDA oil compared with rapeseed oil at 50% fish oil replacement may be more effective as precursors for EPA in humans than 18:3n‐3 which was in the fillet at similar levels. 相似文献
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为了研究不同生长时期红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)肌肉和肝胰腺内脂肪酸和氨基酸的动态变化,选取90 d (第二性征未发育)、140 d (第二性征发育成熟)和180 d (性腺发育成熟)的红螯螯虾,分别测定其肌肉和肝胰腺内氨基酸和脂肪酸的含量。结果显示,90 d红螯螯虾肌肉中的必需氨基酸总量显著高于其他2个时期(P<0.05);而红螯螯虾肝胰腺内必需氨基酸总量和非必需氨基酸总量均随着日龄增加而逐渐下降。比较不同生长时期肌肉中脂肪酸含量发现,随着日龄增长,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量呈下降趋势;而单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,140 d含量最高[(25.69±0.42)%];多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量呈上升的变化趋势。肝胰腺中SFA含量在 3个生长时期内无显著性差异(P>0.05),MUFA含量呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,140 d含量最高[(37.44±0.59)%],而PUFA含量变化与MUFA正好相反。营养价值评估结果显示,180 d (可上市销售)的红螯螯虾肌肉内必需氨基酸指数(49.96%)高于联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)评分模式(31.50%)和全鸡蛋蛋白质模式(43.10%),是较为理想的优质食物蛋白源。由上可知,在不同生长时期,肌肉和肝胰腺中的氨基酸、脂肪酸的主要消耗不同,研究结果对了解不同生长时期红螯螯虾营养需求、开发红螯螯虾配合饲料提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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Ming Huang Yangen Zhou Chengyue Liu D. Allen Davis Li Li Qinfeng Gao Shuanglin Dong 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(7):2777-2789
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels on the fatty acid composition, salinity tolerance and antioxidant status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Four diets were formulated with total EPA and DHA contents of 5.41, 9.55, 13.97 and 17.88 g/kg (abbreviated as ED‐5.41, ED‐9.55, ED‐13.97 and ED‐17.88 respectively). Rainbow trout (initial weight of 90.61 ± 9.25 g) were fed the experimental diets for 8 weeks to accumulate significant differences in fatty acid composition and subsequently underwent salinity acclimation. Our results indicated that high dietary EPA and DHA significantly improved the EPA and DHA content in fish tissues. The serum osmolality of fish returned to their freshwater values in the ED‐9.55, ED‐13.97 and ED‐17.88 groups. The Na+, K+‐ATPase (NKA) activity of fish in the ED‐13.97 group changed dramatically to adapt the fish to the hypertonic environment. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the serum cortisol concentration and liver catalase (CAT) activity of fish in the ED‐13.97 group during salinity acclimation. The liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the ED‐13.97 group was significantly higher than that in ED‐5.41 and ED‐9.55 groups at the end of salinity acclimation. The muscle malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the ED‐13.97 group was significantly lower than that in the ED‐17.88 group before salinity acclimation and significantly lower than the ED‐5.41 and ED‐17.88 groups on day 7 of acclimation. The results of this study indicate that the rainbow trout in the ED‐13.97 group exhibited optimal salinity acclimation performance. 相似文献
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以皱纹盘鲍幼鲍Haliotis discus hannaiIno(平均壳长:13.90±0.01mm;平均体重:482.2±2.2mg)为研究对象,在室内循环水养殖系统中进行112d的摄食生长实验,以海带为对照,探讨饲料中不同叶酸含量(0.06、1.44、2.86、5.88、14.27、35.71mg/kg饲料)对皱纹盘鲍脂肪酸组成的影响。实验结果表明,(1)叶酸缺乏可显著降低皱纹盘鲍C20∶4n-6和C20∶5n-3的含量(P<0.05),却显著提高C18∶3n-3和C22∶6n-3的含量(P<0.05);(2)海带与实验基础饲料中的脂肪酸组成存在显著差异,海带中的C14∶1、C16∶0、C18∶1n-9、C18∶3n-3、C20∶4n-6、C20∶5n-3含量显著高于饲料组(P<0.05),而C18∶0、C18∶1n-7、C18∶2n-6、C20∶0、C22∶6n-3均显著低于饲料组(P<0.05);(3)海带组鲍鱼的C20∶4n-6、C20∶5n-3显著高于饲料组鲍鱼(P<0.05),而C18∶1n-9、C18∶1n-7、C18∶2n-6、C22∶6n-3则显著低于饲料组鲍鱼(P<0.05)。(4)C16∶0、C16∶1、C18∶0在鲍鱼体内的含量比较稳定,不受饲料中叶酸含量和脂肪酸组成的显著影响(P>0.05)。这些结果说明,饲料中叶酸缺乏导致皱纹盘鲍脂肪酸组成发生改变,很可能抑制C18∶2n-6和C18∶3n-3的碳链延长和去饱和作用,从而减少C20∶4n-6和C20∶5n-3的合成。此外,饲料中的脂肪酸组成也是影响皱纹盘鲍体组织脂肪酸组成的一个重要因素。 相似文献
20.
L.E.C. Conceição R.O.A. Ozório E.A. Suurd J.A.J. Verreth 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1998,19(1):43-58
The present study investigated the qualitative amino acid (AA) requirements of larval African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Yolk-sac larval AA profiles were measured at different temperatures and also in animals reared at 28 °C fed Artemia nauplii or an experimental dry diet. The AA profile of C. gariepinus larvae changed during ontogeny, especially before the start of exogenous feeding. The AA profiles of the food items (yolk, Artemia and the dry diet) differed considerably from that of the larvae. No selective absorption of yolk AA was detected. Higher temperatures led to increased absorption and depletion rates of AA, and also to a higher retention efficiency of yolk nutrients. However, changes in temperature did not induce preferential absorption or depletion of individual AA, and caused only small variations in the AA profile. Depletion rates of individual AAs varied, possibly due to differences between larval and yolk AA profiles, and also to changes in the larval AA profile during ontogeny. There was little regulation of catabolism of individual AA in yolk-sac and starved larvae, and no sparing of essential AA. 相似文献