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白蛾黑基啮小蜂(Tetrastichus nigricoxae Yang)是徐州地区杨小舟蛾(Micromelalopha troglodyta)蛹期的1种重要天敌。研究证明,白蛾黑基啮小蜂主要是通过嗅觉来识别寄主蛹的,并且它能够辨别已寄生蛹和未寄生蛹,避免了因重复寄生而造成子代小蜂不能完成世代发育。未寄生的杨小舟蛾蛹表提取物中含有大量羊毛甾醇(62.411%),而寄生过的杨小舟蛾蛹表提取物中不存在该物质。高浓度的未寄生蛹表提取物能够引诱白蛾黑基啮小蜂,而已寄生蛹表提取物对小蜂无引诱作用。2种提取物均不能提高白蛾黑基啮小蜂对杨小舟蛾的寄生率。 相似文献
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选择徐州市林果场、云龙区和新沂市等受杨小舟蛾危害较重的不同类型杨树林分的未放蜂区(CK)和放蜂区,分别测定白蛾黑基啮小蜂在自然和人工释放2种状态下的种群数量变化。结果表明,该蜂林间自然种群数量以越冬代最高,对杨小舟蛾越冬蛹的寄生率高达(22.2±5.8)%,极显著高于第1~4代蛹(3.4%~6.4%);于越冬代和第2代害虫蛹期人工释放该蜂,释放后当代小蜂种群数量明显上升,可显著提高释放当代(越冬代和第2代)害虫蛹的寄生率,并对释放后各代害虫蛹具有一定的持续寄生效果;各代小蜂室温下的羽化进度均与相应世代寄主蛹发育进度相吻合。 相似文献
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白蛾周氏啮小蜂对几种昆虫蛹的寄生率以及林间释放效果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
文章探讨了白蛾周氏啮小蜂对美国白蛾为主的13种昆虫寄主蛹的寄生率和林间释放效果。结果表明,用柞蚕、油松毛虫、美国白蛾、赤松毛虫和野蚕等5种昆虫蛹可作为白蛾周氏啮小蜂的较适繁殖寄主,蛹寄生率和单蛹寄生数量均较高,其中柞蚕蛹寄生率和寄生量最高,考虑用柞蚕蛹扩繁周氏啮小蜂材料易得且成本较低,继而用柞蚕蛹做最适寄主进行了生产性扩繁和林间防治美国白蛾的效果试验,结果表明,用柞蚕蛹与白蛾周氏啮小蜂成虫按1∶50的比例室内接种扩繁,柞蚕蛹的白蛾周氏啮小蜂的寄生率达97%,而林间防治美国白蛾试验按老熟美国白蛾幼虫与白蛾周氏啮小蜂1∶10的比例林间挂茧放蜂,美国白蛾蛹寄生率可达32%~41%,而对照美国白蛾蛹自然寄生率7.3%~8.7%,处理区放蜂寄生试验效果是未放蜂对照区的4.3~4.7倍。 相似文献
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白蛾黑棒啮小蜂(Tetrastichus septentrionalis Yang)是美国白蛾、杨树食叶害虫等多种鳞翅目害虫蛹期的重要寄生性天敌,具有很好的利用前景,2014年5月漯河市首次在杨小舟蛾蛹中发现了白蛾黑棒啮小蜂并进行了人工繁育研究,成功进行了大规模人工繁殖,2015年利用白蛾黑棒啮小蜂大面积防治杨树食叶害虫,防治效果明显,有效控制了以杨小舟蛾为主的杨树食叶害虫危害,保护了生物多样性,提高了自然界自控能力,持续控制效果好,取得了较好的经济、社会和生态效益。 相似文献
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寄生于美国白蛾的黑棒啮小蜂中国二新种(膜翅目:姬小蜂科) 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
报道和记述了在中国发现的寄生于美国白蛾的姬小蜂科啮小蜂属黑棒啮小蜂种团(Tetrastichus howardi species group)的2个新种：山东白蛾啮小蜂Tetrastichus shandongensis Yang，白蛾黑基啮小蜂T.nigricoxae Yang。这2种啮小蜂均群集内寄生于美国白蛾蛹中，每寄主蛹平均出蜂分别为77头和124头，平均寄生率分别为6．2％和9．8％，在生物防治上具有良好的利用前景。文末列出了啮小蜂属黑棒啮小蜂种团中国已知3个种的检索表。新种的模式标本保存于中国林业科学研究院昆虫标本馆。 相似文献
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白蛾周氏啮小蜂生物学特性研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
白蛾周氏啮小蜂在秦皇岛 1a发生 7代 ,以老熟幼虫在寄主蛹内越冬 ,群集于寄主蛹内 ,其卵、幼虫、蛹及产卵前均在寄主蛹内度过。成蜂在寄主蛹中羽化后 ,先进行交配 (无重复交配现象 ) ,随后咬一“羽化”孔爬出 ,其余的成蜂个体均从该孔羽化而出。刚羽化的成蜂当天即可产卵寄生。白蛾周氏啮小蜂从卵产入寄主蛹中至成蜂羽化、咬破寄主蛹壳出来这一时期的有效积温和发育起点温度分别是 36 5 .12日度和 6 .14℃ ,这对指导人工繁殖白蛾周氏啮小蜂有着重要作用。白蛾周氏啮小蜂在自然界中可以寄生多种鳞翅目食叶害虫 ,包括美国白蛾、大袋蛾、柳毒蛾、榆毒蛾、国槐尺蛾、杨扇舟蛾和桃剑纹夜蛾等 ,为白蛾周氏啮小蜂自然繁殖 ,在自然界中保持较高的种群数量创造了有利条件。 相似文献
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白蛾周氏啮小蜂转主寄主的研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
白蛾周氏啮小蜂是美国白蛾的优势寄生性天敌。为了了解其在释放利用后能否保持高的种群数量 ,达到对美国白蛾的持续控制效果 ,研究了这种小蜂在林间的转主寄主。通过调查 ,明确了白蛾周氏啮小蜂在林间的转主寄主种类 ,并研究了这些寄主的年生活史和生物学特性 ,以及白蛾周氏啮小蜂在这些寄主中的寄生率和出蜂量、雌雄性比等。结果表明 ,白蛾周氏啮小蜂的寄主有 7种 :美国白蛾 ,大袋蛾 ,柳毒蛾 ,榆毒蛾 ,国槐尺蛾 ,杨扇舟蛾和桃剑纹夜蛾。白蛾周氏啮小蜂年发生 7代 ,而美国白蛾年发生 2代 (部分年份可发生 3代 ) ,小蜂除寄生这 2代(或 3代 )美国白蛾蛹外 ,其余各代在这些转主寄主蛹中寄生。这些转主寄主的蛹期和美国白蛾的蛹期在 1a的生长发育期中相互衔接 ,小蜂可转移寄生在这些寄主上 ,从而能够保持较高的种群数量 ,达到对美国白蛾的持续控制。对各地白蛾周氏啮小蜂在柳毒蛾和美国白蛾上的寄生情况比较分析 ,发现该小蜂在不同地点的寄生情况差异不显著 ,说明这种小蜂的分布比较广泛 ,种群数量比较稳定。研究还表明 ,绿化树木的多样性可以增加转主寄主的种类和数量 ,从而能够使小蜂保持较高的种群数量 ,达到释放后对美国白蛾的持续控制效果 相似文献
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Marie-Laure Desprez-Loustau Gilles Saint-Jean Benoît Barrès Cécile Françoise Dantec Cyril Dutech 《Annals of Forest Science》2014,71(5):563-573
Context
Parasites can induce strong effects on their host’s growth, not only as a result of host resource exploitation (growth loss) but also with a potential adaptive value for host (tolerance response) and themselves (increased transmission).Aims
We assessed these three types of phenotypic changes in oak seedlings infected by powdery mildew.Methods
A manipulative field experiment with three levels of parasite inoculum was designed in order to tease apart infection from genetic effects on oak growth. Seedlings were monitored during 3 years for height growth, phenology and infection.Results
Powdery mildew infection induced both significant growth loss and qualitative changes in plant architecture. The most striking and unexpected change was increased growth polycyclism in infected seedlings. This benefitted both the host as a form of compensation for infection-caused height loss, and the pathogen, by increasing sporulation.Conclusion
The study highlights the effect of parasites in the expression of plant phenotypic traits, such as phenology and ultimately tree architecture. Both host tolerance and parasitic manipulation may be involved in the observed changes in growth patterns. These results suggest a complex interplay between development and defence in trees and emphasize the need to better assess tolerance mechanisms when considering the defence strategies of trees against pathogens. 相似文献12.
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白蜡吉丁啮小蜂生物学特性及其对寄主自然控制作用的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
白蜡吉丁啮小蜂Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang是我国东北地区白蜡窄吉丁Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire幼虫期的优势寄生性天敌.通过野外采集幼虫室内观察与饲养并适时在林间进行解剖分析,研究了辽宁地区白蜡吉丁啮小蜂生物学特性和对其寄主白蜡窄吉丁自然控制作用的影响.结果表明:白蜡吉丁啮小蜂是一种容性群聚性内寄生蜂.在室内25℃条件下.白蜡吉丁啮小蜂从卵发育到幼虫化蛹前需要12 d,蛹期需要10 d.越冬代羽化成蜂雌雄比为0.97:1,寄主平均出蜂量为64头.白蜡吉丁啮小蜂在辽宁1 a发生3代,以老熟幼虫在树干韧皮部和木质部之间坑道内越冬,少数跟随寄主进入蛹室内越冬.5月中、下旬林间开始有成蜂活动.其寄主白蜡窄吉丁在辽宁1 a发生1代,以不同龄期的幼虫在树干韧皮部和木质部之间蛀道内及浅层木质部的蛹室内越冬,成虫5月下旬陆续羽化出孔.白蜡吉丁啮小蜂在1 a内可3次寄生寄主幼虫,适宜寄生的寄主幼虫状态和所处位置的变化可导致寄生率波动较大,进而影响对白蜡窄吉丁的自然控制作用.白蜡吉丁啮小蜂的过冷却点-25.21℃～-24.17℃,冰点-18.98℃～-16.81℃;白蜡窄吉丁的过冷却点-26.13℃～-24.79℃,冰点-21.24℃～-19.28℃,两者在辽宁地区均能正常越冬. 相似文献
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Ayelo Pascal M. Mohamed Samira A. Chailleux Ana&#;s Yusuf Abdullahi A. Pirk Christian W. W. Deletre Emilie 《Journal of pest science》2022,95(2):633-652
Journal of Pest Science - Semiochemicals such as herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) and host chemicals serve as communication signals for parasitoids searching for oviposition sites. The... 相似文献
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Journal of Pest Science - The absence of natural enemies in newly invaded areas is a key factor in the successful invasion of alien species. Whether a specific parasitoid can be domesticated to... 相似文献
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Sabbatini-Peverieri Giuseppino Boncompagni Luca Mazza Giuseppe Paoli Francesco Dapporto Leonardo Giovannini Lucrezia Marianelli Leonardo Hoelmer Kim Roversi Pio Federico 《Journal of pest science》2021,94(3):1003-1016
Halyomorpha halys is an Asian pentatomid that has recently invaded several countries worldwide, where it has become a severe pest. Classical biological control focused on the scelionid egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus appears to be the most promising long-term solution. However, non-target risks need to be included in cost/benefit analyses. Physiological host range tests were conducted by offering T. japonicus females a single hemipteran egg for short (2 h) and long (24 h) exposure periods, and recording the behavior and parasitization acceptance/success during the short exposures. Of the 16 different hemipteran species tested in no-choice experiments, 9 species were accepted and suitable for T. japonicus development. Among pentatomids, Palomena prasina and Rhaphigaster nebulosa were accepted at rates comparable to H. halys, while species accepted at lower rates included Acrosternum heegeri, Carpocoris mediterraneus, C. purpeiripennis, Dolycoris baccarum, Piezodorus lituratus and Peribalus strictus. The other 7 hemipterans tested, including two coreids and one reduviid, were never parasitized. The use of a short-term exposure of 2 h revealed no differences with the 24-h exposure that has been widely used in physiological host range testing. Thus, T. japonicus oligophagy observed in other studies was confirmed by using our extremely simplified laboratory protocol. Moreover, the host egg morphology was correlated with the acceptance rates, permitting us to propose a new predictive approach for non-target studies. However, further research with more complex experimental designs that account for environmental conditions is needed to confirm laboratory predictions of host specificity under actual field conditions.
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Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), (= A. marcopoli Obenberger), is an important bark beetle attacking ash trees (Fraxinus spp.). It is very difficult to detect and control because of its highly concealed life history. This pest mainly distributed
in partial Asian countries (China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia) and Far East Russia, while in China it presented in Heilongjiang,
Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Taiwan Provinces and Tianjin City, etc. The important timber species F. mandshurica and gardening tree F. velutina were damaged severely in northern China. Spathius agrili Yang (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an important ectoparasitic wasp of the EAB larvae. This parasitoid has the potential to
use as an excellent biological control agent for suppressing populations of EAB. The differences of emergence date between
overwintered S. agrili and its host, parasitism rates at different periods, relations between parasitism rates and host densities, and relationships
between ovipositions of braconid wasp and body sizes of host larvae were studied using methods of regular surveys in forests
and observations in laboratory. Results revealed that the emergence of S. agrili was more than one month later than that of its host. It suggests good synchrony between parasitoid emergence and host availability.
The overwintered S. agrili emerged from mid June to mid August with the peak in July in 2003, and it lasted from late May till late July with the peak
during late June to early July in 2004. While the EAB emergence period ranged from mid May to late May in 2003, it ranged
from mid April to mid May in 2004 (in laboratory). The emergence date of parasitoid asynchronously inosculated with the optimum
developmental instars of the earliest host larvae, which was the result of a long-term co-evolution between the two species.
It was also suggested that the parasitoid S. agrili could be a specialized natural enemy for EAB. The natural parasitism rates on the whole gradually increased in field with
time. The body sizes of host larvae, i.e. larval instar, affected the decision of parasitoid S. agrili to lay eggs or not. Under natural conditions, this parasitoid usually oviposited only on those host larvae with a prontum
and body width more than 1.5 mm, and a body length in excess of 12 mm, i.e. the third or fourth instar larvae. These findings
would consequentially contribute to the further successfully biological control of the trunk borer.
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Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(4): 1,103–1,109 [译自: 生态学报] 相似文献
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Stanislav Trdan Ljiljana Andjus Emilija Raspudić Milica Kač 《Journal of pest science》2005,78(4):217-226
The results of the monitoring of Thysanoptera species on cultivated plants in Slovenia (2000–2001), Croatia (1994–1996), and
Serbia and Montenegro (1988–2003) are presented in this study. The aim of the investigation was to study the host plant distribution
of the predator Aeolothrips intermedius Bagnall and its potential prey. Banded thrips were found on 30 different host plant species belonging to 16 botanical families,
always in mixed populations with phytophagous or facultative phytophagous insects (including 18 Thysanoptera species). On
the vegetative parts of the cultivated plants, banded thrips were found less numerous in spite of the massive population of
some harmful thrips species. This indicates highly important role of pollen as alternative food for Aeolothrips intermedius. 相似文献