共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 312 毫秒
1.
WEPP模型在砒砂岩地区土壤侵蚀模拟的适用性研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以内蒙古自治区准格尔旗西黑岱沟小流域为研究区,基于研究区2004～2009年的气象和土壤侵蚀资料,选取林地、草地和休闲地三种不同土地利用方式的坡面,研究了WEPP模型在三种坡面土壤侵蚀过程模拟中的适用性。结果表明:WEPP模型对研究区三种管理方式下的土壤侵蚀模拟中总体结果较好,模拟值与实测值的相关系数均较高,分别为0.915、0.889和0.899;WEPP模型模拟林地和草地土壤侵蚀的纳什模型效率分别为0.661和0.775,说明WEPP模型适用性较强,而模拟休闲地侵蚀量时效率为负值,可能与休闲地受人为活动影响较大,导致模型不能很好地模拟实际情况有关。 相似文献
2.
黄土坡面土壤侵蚀过程试验研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
采用人工模拟降雨的方法对黄土坡面土壤侵蚀过程进行了试验研究,取得了如下结果:①坡面土壤侵蚀随降雨过程的变化可用幂函数相关方程进行描述,15 m in和35 m in是土壤侵蚀强度随降雨过程变化的转折点;②雨强对坡面土壤侵蚀的影响可用幂函数相关方程进行描述,随着坡度的增大,土壤侵蚀强度随雨强的增大而增加的趋势更明显;③坡度对土壤侵蚀的影响可用抛物线相关方程进行描述,土壤侵蚀强度变化的临界坡度在25°附近;④坡长对土壤侵蚀的影响大体可用幂函数相关方程进行描述,但坡长对土壤侵蚀强度的影响比较复杂,随雨强大小的变化而表现为不同的形式;⑤坡度、坡长及雨强对坡面土壤侵蚀的综合影响可用多元线性相关方程进行描述,雨强对土壤侵蚀强度的影响远大于坡长及坡度因子,且坡度与土壤侵蚀强度的关系较坡长为密切。 相似文献
3.
覆沙坡面微地形变化与侵蚀产沙的响应关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《干旱区研究》2020,(3)
坡面微地形的发育反映了侵蚀的强度及变化过程。为了定量研究不同覆沙厚度下坡面的微地形变化与侵蚀之间的响应,通过模拟1. 5 mm·min~(-1)雨强下的3场连续降雨试验,结合三维激光扫描仪技术,分析了坡面微地形与土壤侵蚀的空间变化特征,较好地拟合了微地形变幅与侵蚀量之间的关系。结果表明:坡面平均含沙量随着降雨场次的增加而减小。覆沙坡面主要产沙区的长度是黄土坡面的3倍左右,且坡段侵蚀量的峰值多分布在坡面4～6 m的位置,而黄土坡面侵蚀峰值分布在3～4 m的位置。随着降雨场次的增加,黄土坡面微地形因子显著增大(P 0. 05),覆沙坡面微地形因子总体呈增大趋势,但并不显著(P 0. 05)。与黄土坡面和覆沙坡面的侵蚀响应最强烈的微地形因子分别为地表切割深度和地表粗糙度,黄土坡面微地形变幅与侵蚀量的响应关系较强于覆沙坡面,覆沙坡面应寻找其他敏感的指标对方程进行优化。该研究为揭示风水复合侵蚀地区的侵蚀机理提供一定参考。 相似文献
4.
黄土丘陵区坡面水土流失规律研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文研究分析了三年大气降水，径流、泥沙资料，初步探求了坡度、降水和不同利用现状与水土流失的关系，并建立了降雨侵蚀力，坡度与坡面土壤侵蚀的数学模型，为该地区进行水蚀预报和防治工作提供了科学的依据。 相似文献
5.
坡耕地是保障粮食安全与经济发展的重要资源.本文利用承德市南山径流场资料对不同坡长下径流深、含沙量及侵蚀量进行对比分析,结果显示:坡长和降雨强度都对土壤侵蚀有影响,随着坡长变化,导致土壤侵蚀量变化的两个主导因素不断变换.雨强小于0.25 mm/min时,坡面土壤侵蚀模数随坡长的增加而增大;雨强大于0.25mm/min时,随坡长的增加先增大后减小,最大侵蚀量总是出现在22 m坡长范围内.径流深均值与侵蚀量增量随坡长变化趋势一致,含沙量均值变化与雨强关系密切.所以治理京津水源区坡耕地水土流失,应在22 m坡长以内采取等高植物篱等措施,既可降低工程投入,又减少坡面土壤流失,提高土地生产力. 相似文献
6.
基于GIS与RS的土壤侵蚀变化定量监测——以黄土高原水保二期世行贷款庆城项目区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在GIS软件ArcMap和ArcView的支持下,建立研究区的空间数据库,利用GIS软件的栅格数据空间分析功能,将研究区空间离散化为10 m×10 m的栅格,生成通用土壤流失方程RUSLE所需的各因子栅格图;借助GIS软件的地图代数运算,将各因子连乘,得到土壤侵蚀量栅格图,在此基础上对侵蚀栅格图进行分类,获得土壤侵蚀等级图.将得到的土壤侵蚀图与土地利用图和坡度图叠加,获得不同土地利用方式下和不同坡度下的土壤侵蚀量,据此对土壤侵蚀与土地利用以及土壤侵蚀与坡度之间的关系进行分析,以期为水土流失的防治和保护规划方案的制定提供科学依据. 相似文献
7.
青海省黄土丘陵区沟壑侵蚀影响因子与侵蚀量的相关性分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以青海省乐都县、互助县6条侵蚀沟为研究对象,收集了研究区域的降雨、地形地貌、植被、土壤等数据,系统分析了各因子与土壤侵蚀量的关系。结果表明,该研究区域年侵蚀厚度与年降雨总量的变化规律不明显,土壤容重、植被覆盖度和坡度三个因子的共同作用对侵蚀量有显著的影响。区域内各影响因子对土壤侵蚀影响的大小排序为:植被盖度坡度土壤容重土壤可蚀性降雨侵蚀力,再次说明退耕还林(还草)工程能够有效改善区域水土流失问题。 相似文献
8.
面积高程积分(Hypsometric Integral,HI)是定量表征地形发育阶段及侵蚀趋势的重要指标。通过90mm/h雨强下4个典型坡度的人工模拟分段降雨试验,在三维激光扫描的基础上,利用点云数据生成DEM,对微地形坡面HI值的3种计算方法及其变化特征进行了分析,并根据细沟河网格网的HI值进行了验证。结果表明:1)HI方法可用于微地形坡面侵蚀发育的定量表征,HI值介于0.50-0.59之间。在不同坡度条件下,细沟出现之前坡面侵蚀量逐渐增加且HI总体呈现递减趋势,而细沟出现后侵蚀量在细沟中有所堆积且HI值有一定回增。2)河网格网HI值介于0.45±0.11之间。随着坡度的增加,HI值总体上表现出增加的趋势,潜在侵蚀能力有增大的趋势且侵蚀量和坡度之间存在一定的转折关系。3)对比3种不同HI计算精度来看,坡面HI与格网HI之间的RMSE和SAE值差别并不明显,但总体均表现为积分曲线法的计算精度要略优于体积比例法和起伏比法。研究结果对于丰富微地形尺度下HI的计算,深入认识坡面侵蚀发育过程及其机理具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
9.
基于GIS和USLE的三江平原土壤侵蚀定量评价 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
运用地理信息系统(GIS)结合美国通用水土流失方程(USLE),根据研究区现状合理选择通用水土流失方程中土壤侵蚀各因子的计算方法,求算出三江平原2005年的土壤侵蚀量分布图,运用GIS的空间分析功能将研究区坡度、地貌和土地利用状况与土壤侵蚀强度等级分布图进行叠加分析,据此了解了该区域土壤侵蚀现状,土壤侵蚀的坡度和地貌分异特征以及土壤侵蚀与土地利用的关系。通过该分析以期为该区域的侵蚀防治、开展水土保持等政府宏观决策行为提供科学依据。 相似文献
10.
黄土坡面侵蚀方式演变过程中汇水坡长的侵蚀产沙作用分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用由位于坡面上部的供水装置和坡面下部的试验土槽组成的试验装置系统,通过模拟降雨试验,研究了不同降雨强度(50、75和100 mm/h)和不同坡度(15°、20°和25°)条件下坡面侵蚀方式演变过程中汇水坡长对侵蚀产沙的作用.结果表明,黄土坡面片蚀-细沟侵蚀-切沟侵蚀方式演变过程中汇水坡长对侵蚀产沙具有重要作用,且受降雨强度、坡度和侵蚀方式演变过程的综合影响.汇水坡长增加,使坡面片蚀-细沟侵蚀-切沟侵蚀发育速度明显加快,侵蚀产沙量明显增加.在坡面侵蚀不同发育阶段,汇水坡长对坡面侵蚀的产沙作用也不尽相同.当坡面以切沟侵蚀为主时,汇水坡长对坡面侵蚀产沙的作用最大,其次是以细沟侵蚀为主时.而以坡面片蚀为主时,汇水坡长对坡面侵蚀产沙的作用最小.通过对坡面侵蚀产沙量与汇水坡长的相关分析表明,它们呈正线性关系. 相似文献
11.
WEPP模型的最新研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
WEPP（Water Soil Loss Equation）作为新一代水蚀预报模型,是指导水土保持措施优化配置、水土资源保护与持续利用的有效工具.近年来,遥感和GIS技术为WEPP快速获取所需资料、处理数据、图像编辑和输出等提供可靠的技术支撑;同时,区域化、尺度概念的引入,为WEPP应用于大尺度提供技术保障.为借鉴WEPP模型的优点,促进我国水蚀预报模型的发展,对WEPP模型的最新发展进行了详尽的介绍,并对WEPP应用到我国时可能存在的问题进行了初步分析. 相似文献
12.
黄土区土质道路路面侵蚀是该地区土壤侵蚀中的重要形式之一,为了探讨其土壤剥蚀率与径流水动力学参数的相关关系,以便为该地区道路土壤侵蚀预报模型的建立提供帮助,采用室内人工降雨及放水冲刷实验、灰色关联度分析方法研究了裸露土质路和植草土质路的径流水动力学参数与土壤剥蚀率间的关系,结果表明:1)在15°坡度、不同雨强条件下,可根据径流量或水流功率计算土壤剥蚀率;2)在2mm.min-1雨强、不同坡度条件下,可根据水流功率或坡度计算土壤剥蚀率;3)在降雨加放水冲刷试验条件下,裸露土质路的土壤剥蚀率可通过径流水深或径流流速计算得出,而植草土质路的土壤剥蚀率可通过过水断面单位能量或径流量计算得出。因此,在无汇水条件时,根据径流水流功率计算土壤剥蚀率较为合理;在有汇水条件时,采用径流量计算土壤剥蚀率较为合理。 相似文献
13.
2000-2017年天山北坡西白杨沟流域土壤侵蚀时空变化分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
掌握天山北坡西白杨沟流域水土流失时空变化特征,为该区域水土保持和生态环境建设提供科学依据。以西白杨沟流域为研究区,采用样地调查、遥感和地理信息系统相结合的方法,应用CSLE模型,定量分析2000-2017年西白杨沟流域土壤水力侵蚀时空变化特征,分析该区域侵蚀强度和坡度、旅游活动的关系,结合实地调查,探讨西白杨沟流域水力侵蚀强度变化的驱动机制。结果表明:(1)2000-2017年西白杨沟流域土壤侵蚀量总体呈增加趋势。流域内土壤侵蚀强度主要是以轻度、微度为主,分别占流域总面积的65.52%、24.71%。(2)2000-2017年西白杨沟流域不同坡度下土壤侵蚀模数变化明显。坡度≤5°时,土壤侵蚀模数无明显波动;坡度在25°~35°时土壤侵蚀模数最大,土壤侵蚀较为严重。坡度>35°时,土壤侵蚀模数减小。流域内土壤侵蚀主要发生在25°~35°。(3)植被盖度、地上生物量随着旅游强度的增加而减少(CK>LG>MG>HG),土壤侵蚀受人为活动的影响较为显著。 相似文献
14.
土壤侵蚀对土壤理化性质及土壤微生物的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对黄土丘陵沟壑区侵蚀环境下4种典型坡面上坡顶、坡肩、坡背、坡脚和坡趾5个不同地形部位137Cs的含量、土壤理化性质及土壤微生物指标的测定和分析。结果表明:用来表征土壤侵蚀程度的137Cs含量与土壤有机碳、全氮、土壤容重、电导率、土壤微生物功能多样性及细菌菌群之间均存在显著的回归关系,土壤有机碳、全氮及土壤容重随着137Cs含量的增加呈增加趋势,土壤电导率、土壤微生物功能多样性呈下降趋势,而土壤细菌呈先下降后增加的趋势。土壤侵蚀过程能够直接影响土壤养分在坡面上的空间分布及土壤结构,通过影响土壤性质,改变土壤微生物群落的生长环境和营养物质的含量,从而影响土壤微生物的生长。 相似文献
15.
Two-dimensional hydrodynamic robust numerical model of soil erosion based on slopes and river basins
KANG Yongde 《干旱区科学》2021,13(10):995-1014
Erosion is an important issue in soil science and is related to many environmental problems, such as soil erosion and sediment transport. Establishing a simulation model suitable for soil erosion prediction is of great significance not only to accurately predict the process of soil separation by runoff, but also improve the physical model of soil erosion. In this study, we develop a graphic processing unit (GPU)-based numerical model that combines two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic and Green-Ampt (G-A) infiltration modelling to simulate soil erosion. A Godunov-type scheme on a uniform and structured square grid is then generated to solve the relevant shallow water equations (SWEs). The highlight of this study is the use of GPU-based acceleration technology to enable numerical models to simulate slope and watershed erosion in an efficient and high-resolution manner. The results show that the hydrodynamic model performs well in simulating soil erosion process. Soil erosion is studied by conducting calculation verification at the slope and basin scales. The first case involves simulating soil erosion process of a slope surface under indoor artificial rainfall conditions from 0 to 1000 s, and there is a good agreement between the simulated values and the measured values for the runoff velocity. The second case is a river basin experiment (Coquet River Basin) that involves watershed erosion. Simulations of the erosion depth change and erosion cumulative amount of the basin during a period of 1-40 h show an elevation difference of erosion at 0.5-3.0 m, especially during the period of 20-30 h. Nine cross sections in the basin are selected for simulation and the results reveal that the depth of erosion change value ranges from -0.86 to -2.79 m and the depth of deposition change value varies from 0.38 to 1.02 m. The findings indicate that the developed GPU-based hydrogeomorphological model can reproduce soil erosion processes. These results are valuable for rainfall runoff and soil erosion predictions on rilled hillslopes and river basins. 相似文献
16.
Seasonal freeze-thaw processes have led to severe soil erosion in the middle and high latitudes. The area affected by freeze-thaw erosion in China exceeds 13% of the national territory. So understanding the effect of freeze-thaw on erosion process is of great significance for soil and water conservation as well as for ecological engineering. In this study, we designed simulated rainfall experiments to investigate soil erosion processes under two soil conditions, unfrozen slope (UFS) and frozen slope (FS), and three rainfall intensities of 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 mm/min. The results showed that the initial runoff time of FS occurred much earlier than that of the UFS. Under the same rainfall intensity, the runoff of FS is 1.17-1.26 times that of UFS; and the sediment yield of FS is 6.48-10.49 times that of UFS. With increasing rainfall time, rills were produced on the slope. After the appearance of the rills, the sediment yield on the FS accounts for 74%-86% of the total sediment yield. Rill erosion was the main reason for the increase in soil erosion rate on FS, and the reduction in water percolation resulting from frozen layers was one of the important factors leading to the advancement of rills on slope. A linear relationship existed between the cumulative runoff and the sediment yield of UFS and FS (R2>0.97, P<0.01). The average mean weight diameter (MWD) on the slope erosion particles was as follows: UFS0.9 (73.84 μm)>FS0.6 (72.30 μm)>UFS1.2 (72.23 μm)>substrate (71.23 μm)>FS1.2 (71.06 μm)>FS0.9 (70.72 μm). During the early stage of the rainfall, the MWD of the FS was relatively large. However, during the middle to late rainfall, the particle composition gradually approached that of the soil substrate. Under different rainfall intensities, the mean soil erodibility (MK) of the FS was 7.22 times that of the UFS. The ratio of the mean regression coefficient C2 (MC2) between FS and UFS was roughly correspondent with MK. Therefore, the parameter C2 can be used to evaluate soil erodibility after the appearance of the rills. This article explored the influence mechanism of freeze-thaw effects on loess soil erosion and provided a theoretical basis for further studies on soil erosion in the loess hilly regions. 相似文献
17.
A new ecological control method for Pisha sandstone based on hydrophilic polyurethane 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Zhishui LINAG 《干旱区科学》2017,9(5):790-796
The Pisha sandstone-coverd area is among the regions that suffer from the most severe water loss and soil erosion in China and is the main source of coarse sand for the Yellow River. This study demonstrated a new erosion control method using W-OH solution, a type of hydrophilic polyurethane, to prevent the Pisha sandstone from water erosion. We evaluated the comprehensive effects of W-OH on water erosion resistance and vegetation-growth promotion through simulated scouring tests and field demonstrations on the Ordos Plateau of China. The results of simulated scouring tests show that the water erosion resistance of W-OH treated area was excellent and the cumulative sediment yield reduction reached more than 99%. In the field demonstrations, the vegetation coverage reached approximately 95% in the consolidation-green area, and there was almost no shallow trenches on the entire slope in the treated area. In comparison, the control area experienced severe erosion with deep erosion gullies appeared on the slope and the vegetation coverage was less than 30%. This study illustrated that W-OH treatment can protect the Pisha sandstone from erosion and provide the vegetation seeds a chance to grow. Once the vegetation matured, the effects of consolidation-growth mutual promotion can efficiently and effectively improve the water erosion resistance and ecological restoration. 相似文献
18.
Huimin YANG 《干旱区科学》2017,9(4):580-590
In semi-arid regions, complex erosion resulted from a combination of wind and water actions has led to a massive soil loss and a comprehensive understanding of its mechanism is the first step toward prevention of the erosion. However, the mutual influences between wind erosion and water erosion have not been fully understood. This research used a wind tunnel and two rainfall simulators and simulated two rounds of alternations between wind erosion and water erosion(i.e., 1~(st) wind erosion–1~(st) water erosion and 2~(nd) wind erosion–2~(nd) water erosion) on three slopes(5°, 10°, and 15°) with six wind speeds(0, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 20 m/s) and five rainfall intensities(0, 30, 45, 60, and 75 mm/h). The objective was to analyze the influences of wind erosion on succeeding water erosion. Results showed that the effects of wind erosion on water erosion were not the same in the two rounds of tests. In the 1~(st) round of tests, wind erosion first restrained and then intensified water erosion mostly because the blocking effect of wind-sculpted micro-topography on surface flow was weakened with the increase in slope. In the 2~(nd) round of tests, wind erosion intensified water erosion on beds with no rills at gentle slopes and low rainfall intensities or with large-size rills at steep slopes and high rainfall intensities. Wind erosion restrained water erosion on beds with small rills at moderate slopes and moderate rainfall intensities. The effects were mainly related to the fine grain layer, rills and slope of the original bed in the 2~(nd) round of tests. The findings can deepen our understanding of complex erosion resulted from a combination of wind and water actions and provide scientific references to regional soil and water conservation. 相似文献