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云南省土壤和植物性饲料中矿质元素含量及相关性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对云南省家畜饲养基地所属的6个主要地质背景区的土壤和饲料样品的钾，钠，镁、铜，锌、锰、钴，铁、硒和碘元紊进行测定分析．并进行了相关性统计，结果表明：玄武岩红壤区（Ⅴ）和碳酸岩盐红壤区（Ⅰ）土壤各种矿质元素都比较高；其次是碳酸岩盐、碎屑岩和玄武岩混合型黄红壤区（Ⅱ），除了钴较低外，其它元素含量都居中等或偏上水平；而碎屑岩紫色土区（Ⅲ）、变质岩赤红壤区（Ⅵ）和碎屑岩黄红壤区（Ⅳ）大多数矿质养分相对都比较低。大多数饲料中钴、铁和硒的含量受土壤中元素的丰度影响较大；其次为铜、镁、锰、锌和钾；饲料中碘受土壤碘含量影响最小。土壤和各主要饲料间铁、钴、镁、硒和铜相关性较强。 相似文献
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云南省主要地质背景区土壤理化性质及矿物质元素丰度分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对云南省反刍动物生产基地所属的6个主要地质背景区的土壤和岩石样品的K、Na、Mg、Cu、Zn、Mn、Co、Fe、Se、I和F元素及土壤的有机质、阳离子交换量(CEC)和pH进行测定分析,结果表明:晚古生代玄武岩红壤区(V)和碳酸岩盐红壤区(Ⅰ)土壤各种矿质元素都比较高,有机质含量与CEC都较高,特别是V区最为显著;碳酸岩盐、碎屑岩和玄武岩混合型黄红壤区(Ⅱ)除了Co含量较低外,其他元素含量都居中等或偏上水平,有机质含量与CEC仅次于第1类背景区:碎屑岩紫色土区(Ⅲ)、变质岩赤红壤区(Ⅵ)和碎屑岩黄红壤区(Ⅳ)大多数矿质养分相对都比较低,有机质含量与CEC最低. 相似文献
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云南省反刍家畜饲养基地岩石—土壤—饲料中铁、钴、锰和硒含量的相关性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了更好地评价云南省区域性反刍家畜饲料矿物质元素营养状况,并按照调盈补缺的原则科学合理地制作反刍家畜矿物质元素添加剂。对云南省反刍家畜主要生产基地所属的6个地质背景区的土壤、岩石和饲料样品的钴、铁、锰和硒元素进行测定分析,同时将岩石—土壤—饲料系统中各元素含量在空间不同方向上进行了相关统计,结果发现:在水平方向上,从岩石、土壤到饲料,四个元素之间一直呈较强的正相关,表现了该系统的统一。垂直方向岩石与土壤之间锰和钴的相关系数都大于0.39(n=149,P<0.01),其余各元素的相关系数也都为正值;土壤—饲料之间,综合各主要饲料,土壤和饲料中的钴、铁和硒元素间的相关性最好,而岩石和饲料间各矿物质元素相关性较差,对区域性饲料矿物质元素营养价值的评价没有太大的指导意义。 相似文献
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火山岩海岛土壤硒元素空间分异及富集机制研究——以广西涠洲岛为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择广西北海涠洲岛作为研究区，网格化采集涠洲岛表层土壤样品106件、成土母岩16件，对亚热带环境下火山岩海岛土壤硒元素空间分布特征及赋存形态进行研究，并探讨其影响机制。结果表明，涠洲岛表层土壤中全硒自然变化范围为0.005~0.567 mg/kg，平均为0.287 mg/kg，足硒和富硒土壤占全岛总面积的70.87%。涠洲岛表层土壤中硒赋存形态的分布规律为：残渣态（78.06%）>有机结合态（10.58%）>酸溶态（7.76%）>可交换态（2.86%）>水溶态（0.74%）。不同成土母岩的全硒含量有显著差异，全硒含量最高的是火山碎屑岩，其次是玄武岩和含生物碎屑海滩沉积物。成土母岩与其相应土壤中全硒含量变化具有很好的套合性，全硒含量由火山碎屑岩、玄武岩和含生物碎屑海滩沉积物发育的土壤中依次递减。火山岩风化土壤中硒元素的富集主要归因于对火山岩高背景硒含量的继承，同时硒元素在表生演化过程中容易被火山岩土壤中的铁、铝氧化物和有机质（OM）吸附。这种由火山岩风化形成的富硒土壤对海岛土地资源农业开发利用具有积极意义。 相似文献
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为研究不同植物群落下湿地土壤钒和钴含量的空间分布特征,利用ICP-MS对2009年5月在今黄河入海口北部的新生湿地区域依据不同植物群落设置9个采样区的土壤进行土壤钒和钴含量的分析。结果表明,尽管钒和钴含量在不同湿地土壤中差异较大,但二者在由陆向海方向潮滩湿地中的分布特征相似,且在水平方向上的变异均为中等变异。在垂直方向上,尽管钒和钴含量在不同类型湿地土壤中大多呈相似波动变化特征,但在同一类型湿地土壤中二者含量的变化趋势基本一致。相关分析表明,湿地土壤的钒钴含量在与铁锰、有机质、粘粒和粉粒含量均呈极显著正相关(P0.01),与砂粒含量呈极显著负相关(P0.01)。研究区表层湿地土壤的钒含量范围为72.77~118.40mg/kg,均值为93.06mg/kg;表层钴含量范围为8.94~16.91mg/kg,均值为12.54mg/kg。尽管研究区土壤的钒钴含量低于其全国背景值(112mg/kg和19mg/kg),但明显高于华北克拉通钒钴含量背景值(78mg/kg和12mg/kg)。黄河口新生湿地区土壤钒钴的富集系数分别为1.19和1.01,为弱程度的富集。研究表明,成土母质决定了湿地土壤中钒和钴含量的空间分布,土壤有机质含量、粒度组成和铁锰含量是影响二者空间分布的主导因素,而植被类型和潮汐对其分布亦具有重要影响。 相似文献
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通过对青铜峡市农耕表层土壤和水稻全硒含量的测定,分析了青铜峡市农耕土壤硒含量分布特征及水稻子实硒含量影响因素。结果表明,表层土壤硒元素含量在0.057～0.95 mg·kg~(-1)之间,平均值为0.226 mg·kg-1,83.55%的农耕土壤达到足硒水平(0.175～0.40 mg·kg~(-1)),其中连湖农场土壤硒元素含量均值最高,树新林场最低。不同土壤类型土壤硒元素含量表现为灌淤土潮土粗骨土盐土灰钙土新积土。相关分析结果表明,影响研究区土壤硒元素含量的因素主要是土壤p H、有机质、铁氧化物、锰和CEC。此外,水稻子实硒含量不只受土壤全硒含量的影响,而且与土壤p H、有机质等因素密切相关。 相似文献
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桂东南地区兴业县富Se土壤地球化学特征及来源浅析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对广西兴业县1/5万土地质量地球化学评价表层土壤样的硒含量进行分析。结果表明,调查区土壤硒量变幅为0.08~12.59 mg·kg~(-1),平均含量为0.59 mg·kg~(-1),高于全国土壤平均硒含量,富硒土壤资源丰富。成土母质以泥盆系、石炭系和二叠系形成的土壤硒含量相对较高,土壤类型中砖红壤性红壤和石灰岩土硒含量相对较高,土地利用类型中园地、林地及草地等土壤硒含量相对较高,而农耕地中水田及旱地土壤硒含量则相对较低。土壤富硒主要来源于原富硒成土母质,其含量分布特征主要受自然地质背景的影响。 相似文献
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为研究云南曲靖烟区土壤有效钼含量状况及影响因素,采用田地实地调查取样与室内化验分析的方法,明确了区域内不同县(市)烟区土壤有效钼含量分布特征及土壤类型、土壤p H、不同金属氧化物等对土壤有效钼含量的影响趋势,结果表明:(1)曲靖中海拔烟区土壤有效钼含量范围为痕量～1.966 mg kg~(-1),平均含量0.199 mg kg~(-1),变异系数高达93.23%,土壤有效钼含量不足的样本所占比例达50.03%;地区间差异明显;(2)不同土壤类型有效钼含量表现为,红壤水稻土紫色土;(3)土壤有效钼含量与不同土壤类型pH差异显著,其中红壤、紫色土pH与土壤有效钼相关系数分别为0.283(P 0.01)和-0.191(P 0.05),水稻土与有效钼含量不相关;(4)土壤中不同金属氧化物与土壤有效钼含量相关性显著,铁、钙、锰的氧化物与土壤有效钼相关系数分别为-0.161**、-0.212**、0.233**。 相似文献
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不同施肥和调理剂对侵蚀红壤肥力和抗侵蚀性的修复效应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为弄清不同施肥结构对侵蚀红壤的修复效应,研究施化肥(NPK)、施化肥+有机肥(NPKM)、施化肥+土壤调理剂2(NPKR2)与不施肥处理(CK)对不同母质发育的侵蚀红壤肥力和抗侵蚀性的修复效应。结果表明:施肥可以在一定程度上提高土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质含量和生物产量,但产量并不稳定;其中,有机无机肥配施处理(NPKM)较其他施肥处理可以明显提高土壤碱解氮和有机质含量,显著降低土壤的可侵蚀性K值,提高土壤的抗侵蚀能力,因而明显提高作物产量;化肥加调理剂处理(NPKR2)较其他施肥处理可以明显提高土壤有效磷和速效钾含量,还可以明显提高土壤粉粒和砂粒百分比含量,显著降低黏粒百分比含量,土壤的可侵蚀性K值最大;在花岗岩红壤和板岩红壤中黏粒百分比含量为培肥前最高,在均质红壤和网纹红壤中黏粒百分比含量为NPKM处理最高。 相似文献
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D. C. WHITEHEAD 《European Journal of Soil Science》1978,29(1):88-94
The iodine content in successive 10 cm horizons of eighteen soil profiles from England and Wales was determined and correlated with contents of‘free’ aluminium and iron oxides (oxalate-soluble) and organic matter. The pattern of change in iodine content with depth varied considerably with soil type. In the rendzina soils, the content was relatively high in the surface 10 cm but declined markedly with depth. In the podsols, iodine was low at the surface but increased in the B horizon: in one of these soils an iron pan of about 1 cm thickness had an iodine content as high as 37.6 mg/kg. In two soils derived from Ordovician, and one from igneous, rock material, the iodine content was relatively high (up to 25 mg/kg) with maximum values at intermediate depths. In contrast, soils derived from river alluvium and from lowland clays generally had low iodine contents (< 6 mg/kg) which showed little variation with depth in the profile. In a peat soil the iodine content was relatively high in the horizons above 60 cm but was low (1. 3 mg/kg) in the underlying clay. In all 154 samples from the eighteen sites, iodine content was closely correlated with oxalate-soluble aluminium (r= 0.834***) but not with oxalate-soluble iron (r= 0. 35) or organic matter (r= 0.37). However, in the five most acidic soils, with pH below 4. 8, the iodine content was more closely correlated with iron than with aluminium. 相似文献
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Lucíola E. C. Martins Francisco A. Monteiro Bruno C. Pedreira 《Journal of plant nutrition》2014,37(4):509-519
Phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) availabilities are important to the nutrition of tropical forage grasses. In this manner, this study aimed to identify and quantify changes in metabolism, tillering, and root system of Brachiaria brizantha cv. ‘Marandu’ related to P and Zn availabilities. Plants of B. brizantha cv. ‘Marandu’ were grown in nutrient solution under five rates of P (0.1, 0.6, 1.1, 1.6, and 2.1 mmol L?1) and five rates of Zn (0.00, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, and 3.00 μmol L?1), in a fractionated factorial. The interaction P x Zn rates and the Zn supply were not significant for the activity of acid phosphatase enzyme, P-use index, number of tillers, and root parameters. P-use index and enzyme activity decreased as P availability increased. The high efficiency in P use was a result of high acid phosphatase activity and P supply was essential to the development of ‘Marandu’ palisadegrass root system. 相似文献
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Caibian Huang Zhaohui Wang Shengxiu Li Sukhdev Singh Malhi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1112-1123
A pot experiment was carried out, with 30 spinach cultivars to determine nitrate accumulation in leaf blade and petiole, and its relationship to biomass and water in plants. Results showed that the fresh weight proportion of blade to shoot was higher than that of petiole. Furthermore, a higher positive correlation was found between fresh weights of blades and shoots than that of petioles and shoots. Unlike biomass, nitrate-nitrogen (N) concentration and total amount of nitrate-N accumulated in petiole were significantly higher than those in blade, and petiole was obviously the main organ for nitrate accumulation. Differences of nitrate-N concentration in petiole and the observed positive correlation between nitrate-N concentrations in petioles and shoots were more significant than that in blades and shoots. Nitrate-N concentration in petiole was also significantly correlated with fresh and dry shoot weight and total amount of water in shoots. However, this relationship was not found for blade. 相似文献
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Ali Irfan Ilbas Semih Yilmaz Mikail Akbulut Oleg Bogdevich 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(3):442-452
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for humans and animals, and also affects plant metabolism. In this study, the effects of increasing doses of Se application on the uptake of selenium (Se), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) content of three barley cultivars were investigated. The analysis indicated that the Se contents were highest in root tissues, intermediate in grain, and lowest in stem tissues in all cultivars. Total Se accumulations (whole plant) were highest in ‘Bülbül 89’ (0.171 mg kg?1), intermediate in ‘Çetin 2000’ (0.153 mg kg?1), and lowest in ‘Tarm 92’ cultivars (0.124 mg kg?1). In all cultivars, the increase in grain Se content resulted in a decrease in the grain N content. While ‘Bülbül 89’ can be suggested for biofortification purposes, less Se accumulating ‘Tarm 92’ cultivar can be suggested as a fodder in Se contaminated or high Se containing areas. 相似文献
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David E. Kopsell Dean A. Kopsell Carl E. Sams T. Casey Barickman 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(14):2154-2165
Producers use elemental ratios, such as calcium (Ca): magnesium (Mg), in fertility programs to ensure sufficient nutrient uptake. Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala D.C.) accumulates high levels of carotenoids which can be beneficial for human health. Objectives were to determine the influence of Ca:Mg fertilization on 1) biomass, 2) essential nutrients, and 3) carotenoids in kale leaf tissues. ‘Redbor’ kale was greenhouse-grown in solution culture. Ca:Mg ratio treatments were 9:1, 6:1, 3:1, 1:3, 1:6, and 1:9. Ca:Mg ratio significantly affected biomass, nutrient accumulation, and carotenoids. Plant biomass decreased linearly (P ≤ 0.001) and β-carotene, lutein, neoxanthin, and antheraxanthin all increased, then decreased quadratically (P ≤ 0.001) as the ratio of Ca:Mg changed from 9:1 to 1:9. Ca:Mg ratio also affected leaf tissue Ca, Mg, potassium (K), sulfur (S), boron (B), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn). Results indicate that producers wishing to maximize elemental uptake and carotenoid content of kale need to consider the ratio of Ca:Mg in their fertility programs. 相似文献
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Strawberry is listed as the most salt sensitive fruit crop in comprehensive salt tolerance data bases. Recently, concerns have arisen regarding declining quality of irrigation waters available to coastal strawberry growers in southern and central California. Over time, the waters have become more saline, with increasing sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl?). Due to the apparent extreme Cl? sensitivity of strawberry, the rising Cl? levels in the irrigation waters are of particular importance. In order to establish the specific ion causing yield reduction in strawberry, cultivars ‘Ventana’ and ‘Camarosa’ were grown in twenty-four outdoor sand tanks at the ARS-USDA U. S. Salinity Laboratory in Riverside, CA and irrigated with waters containing a complete nutrient solution plus Cl? salts of calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), Na+, and potassium (K+). Six salinity treatments were imposed with electric conductivities (EC) = 0.835, 1.05, 1.28, 1.48, 1.71, and 2.24 dS m?1, and were replicated four times. Fresh and dry weights of ‘Camarosa’ shoots and roots were significantly higher than those of ‘Ventana’ at all salinity levels. Marketable yield of ‘Camarosa’ fruit decreased from 770 to 360 g/plant as salinity increased and was lower at all salinity levels than the yield from the less vigorous ‘Ventana’ plants. ‘Ventana’ berry yield decreased from 925 to 705 g/plant as salinity increased from 0.835 to 2.24 dS m?1. Relative yield of ‘Camarosa’ decreased 43% for each unit increase in salinity once irrigation water salinity exceeded 0.80 dS m?1. Relative ‘Ventana’ yield was unaffected by irrigation water salinity up to 1.71 dS m?1, and thereafter, for each additional unit increase in salinity, yield was reduced 61%. Both cultivars appeared to possess an exclusion mechanism whereby Na+ was sequestered in the roots, and Na+ transport to blade, petiole and fruit tissues was limited. Chloride content of the plant organs increased as salinity increased to 2.24 dS m?1 and substrate Cl increased from 0.1 to13 mmolcL?1. Chloride was highest in the roots, followed by the leaves, petioles and fruit. Based on plant ion relations and relative fruit yield, we determined that, over the range of salinity levels studied, specific ion toxicity exists with respect to Cl?, rather than to Na+ ions, and, further, that the salt tolerance threshold is lower for ‘Camarosa’ than for ‘Ventana’. 相似文献
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春秋季红壤旱地氨挥发对氮施用量、气象因子的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过红壤旱地种植牧草马唐和蔬菜冬萝卜轮作试验,研究了在春秋二季红壤旱地氨挥发对不同施氮量和气象因子的响应。结果表明,红壤旱地春季牧草实验,氮肥处理N90、N160和N230,氨挥发持续10~17d,在施肥后6~8d达到峰值,峰值(扣除对照N0)分别为N0.11、0.57和1.84kghm-2d-1。秋季氮肥处理N70、N130、N190和N250以基肥和以水带肥追施(基/追比为7∶3)氨挥发持续时间均为10~11d,基肥氨挥发峰值(扣除对照N0)分别为N0.02、0.05、0.06kghm-2d-1和0.09kghm-2d-1;追肥氨挥发峰值(扣除对照N0)分别为N0.05、0.22、0.38kghm-2d-1和0.72kghm-2d-1。不同施氮处理,春季累计氨挥发量为N0.67~5.16kghm-2,占施入肥料N的0.74%~2.24%;秋季累计氨挥发量为N0.37~3.04kghm-2,占施入肥料N的1.31%~3.69%。红壤旱地春秋二季氨挥发量(y)均随施N量(x)的提高而指数递增,其关系式分别为:y=0.1576e0.0146x和y=0.1826e0.0112x。显著性检验表明,春秋两季不同施氮量处理之间,土壤氨挥发量及挥发通量差异均达到显著水平。春秋二季基肥氨挥发总量和通量均与气温、气压、蒸发量和土温等环境气象因子有较好的相关性(p<0.05)。 相似文献
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根分泌物与禾本科植物对缺铁胁迫的适应机理 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
张福锁 《植物营养与肥料学报》1995,1(1):17-23
本文系统地总结了自然基金重点项目根分泌物在根际微生态系统中的营养机理的研究进展和部分主要成果。研究表明,养分专一性根分泌物是植物营养遗传特性控制基因的标记物,它受某一养分缺乏的诱导,是在植物体内合成并可通过主动分泌作用进入根际的代谢产物。它的合成和分泌只受该养分胁迫的专一诱导和控制,只要改善这一营养状况就能抑制或阻止其合成和分泌。当植物缺乏这一养分时,植物体可通过自身的调节能力,合成专一性物质并自根分泌到根际,促进该养分的活化并提高植物对其吸收利用效率,从而达到克服或缓解该营养胁迫的目的。用单基因突变材料进行的研究表明,植物铁载体的生物合成和吸收利用是受单基因控制的过程。这一发现不仅使人类有可能运用生物学研究技术来解决营养缺乏问题,而且也为有效地利用自然资源、降低生产成本、减少环境污染提供了可能性。麦根酸类(mugineic.acids)植物铁载体(phytosiderophores)在缺铁禾本科植物体内的生物合成,从植物根内向根际的分泌、在根际环境中对铁的活化及植物对F63+植物铁载体螯合体的吸收四个过程组成了禾本科植物对缺铁胁迫的适应机理。植物铁载体只在早晨日出后2～6h内大量分泌的节律性增加了它们在根际土壤中的相对浓度,减少了它们与土壤颗粒的接触和被吸附;分泌部位集中在微生物尚未侵染的根尖避开了微生物的破坏和分解,同时也增加了它们在土壤微区中的相对浓度。分泌作用和螯合作用不受介质pH值和Ca2+离子浓度影响的特性使该机理在经常出现缺铁现象的石灰性土壤上具有特殊意义。研究结果还表明,缺铁可以诱导激活根细胞原生质膜上可能存在的Fe3+植物铁载体复合体的专一性吸收和运载蛋白,高pH值和CaCO3对这一蛋白的载体功能只有很小的抑制作用,即使在pH值和CaCO3含量都较高的石灰性土壤上,也能有效地发挥作用。这一结论揭示了小麦等禾本科植物适应铁胁迫的实质及其生态学意义。 相似文献