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1.
This case report describes the clinical progression of a 5-day-old Oldenburg colt presented for acute severe right hindlimb lameness. The foal had diarrhoea at presentation, and over the next 24 h became tachycardic and febrile with cold extremities in the hindlimbs and began to bear weight on the dorsum of both hind fetlocks. Diagnostic work-up included physical examination, radiography, ultrasonography and clinicopathological testing. Treatment consisted of antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, gastroprotectants, oral di-tri-octahedral smectite, hyperimmune plasma and isotonic crystalloid fluids for diarrhoea. Bandages and splints were applied to the hindlimbs to assist ambulation and prevent weightbearing on the dorsum of the fetlocks. The foal developed oedema of both hindlimbs, and ultrasonographic evaluation revealed gas pockets within the subcutaneous tissues. An ultrasound-guided aspirate of the right hindlimb oedema was submitted for cytology, which revealed presumed Clostridial spores, and culture, which yielded heavy growth of Escherichia coli. Surgical fenestration of the hindlimbs was performed due to suspected Clostridial myositis. The foal continued to decline clinically and was humanely subjected to euthanasia. Post-mortem evaluation revealed septicaemia and thromboembolism of the terminal abdominal aorta resulting in partial obstruction of blood flow to the pelvic limbs with resultant bacterial myositis (Clostridium [suspected] and Escherichia coli [confirmed]). In summary, thrombosis is a potential sequela to coagulopathy seen in septicaemia and should be considered a differential diagnosis in neonatal foals presenting for lameness.  相似文献   

2.
Aortic occlusion is a rare vascular disorder in the dog. This report describes the clinical feature of an aged Boxer with complete occlusion of the abdominal aorta caused by an intraluminal thrombus. Angiography evidenced a collateral circulation, represented by the internal thoracic artery, the cranial epigastric artery and the caudal epigastric artery, providing adequate blood flow to the pelvis and pelvic limbs. This vascular network has only recently been recognised as one of the major collateral pathways for arterial blood supply to the pelvis and lower extremities in humans with chronic aorto-iliac occlusive disease (CAOD). Furthermore, a femoral artery Doppler waveform, characterised by low amplitude, a monophasic systolic wave with blunted parabolic flow profile and a small spectral window, peculiar to humans with CAOD, is documented for the first time in a dog with aortic occlusion.  相似文献   

3.
An 18-yr-old Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris) presented with acute onset hind limb paresis. Radiographic and ultrasonographic imaging revealed a caudal abdominal aortic thrombus and a cranial mediastinal mass. Necropsy confirmed aortic thrombosis. Necrotizing enteritis and multifocal renal thrombosis were also noted. The cranial mediastinum contained a bilobed mass that histologically and ultrastructurally was consistent with a carcinoid.  相似文献   

4.
Clinically, feline aortic embolism is manifested by paresis or paralysis of the hind legs. Mere occlusion of the terminal aorta will not cause these signs to develop, i.e. a clot must be present. The clinical condition was duplicated if the aorta was ligated in a manner which formed a cul-de-sac into which autologous blood mixed with glass beads was injected.
In three different groups of cats 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) antagonists were administered intravenously before the creation of a blood clot in the cul-de-sac. The antagonists used were methysergide, cyproheptadine and phenoxybenzamine. The results obtained indicate that cyproheptadine has promise as an effective agent for preventing paresis or paralysis in feline aortic embolism. The active role of 5-HT in the production of paresis or paralysis in feline aortic embolism is more clearly implicated by the work done in this investigation. This knowledge adds to the basic understanding of the pathophysiology involved in this disease.  相似文献   

5.
A cat was evaluated for an acute‐onset of right pelvic limb paresis. Thoracic radiographs revealed normal cardiac size and tortuous pulmonary arteries. Abdominal ultrasound identified a heartworm (HW) extending from the caudal abdominal aorta into the right external iliac artery and right femoral artery. The cat was HW‐antigen positive. Echocardiography revealed a HW within the right branch of the main pulmonary artery and evidence of pulmonary hypertension. An agitated‐saline contrast echocardiogram revealed a small right to left intracardiac shunt at the level of the atria. Surgical removal of the HW was performed with no substantial postoperative complications. There was return of blood flow and improved motor function to the limb. The cat remains mildly paretic on the affected limb with no other clinical signs.  相似文献   

6.
A five-year-old female domestic shorthair cat presented with clinical signs typical of an aortic saddle thromboembolism. An echocardiogram and thoracic radiographs excluded cardiac disease as a source of the thrombus. Two heavy metal opacity, pellet-like objects were seen in the thoracic and abdominal radiographs. Abdominal ultrasound demonstrated occlusion of aortic blood flow by the abdominal pellet but could not indicate whether this was due to a penetrating aortic wound or pellet embolisation. A necropsy confirmed a penetrating left ventricular cardiac wound with subsequent embolisation of the pellet to the abdominal aorta.  相似文献   

7.
Objective: To describe a dog with Budd–Chiari‐like syndrome secondary to caudal vena cava compression from a thoracic wall chondrosarcoma. Case summary: A 9‐year‐old spayed female Shetland Sheepdog cross with a recent history of non‐productive cough developed severe abdominal distension and dyspnea. Marked ascites and enlarged hepatic veins were identified with ultrasonography. At surgery, a right thoracic wall mass was found to be compressing the caudal vena cava. Fluid analysis of the ascites revealed a modified transudate with elevated protein concentration, consistent with Budd–Chiari‐like syndrome. Clinical signs resolved following thoracotomy and complete resection of the mass. New or unique information provided: Obstruction of venous blood flow can result from compression exerted by a space‐occupying thoracic wall mass on the caudal vena cava. Clinical resolution can be achieved with return of adequate venous circulation by removal of the mass and alleviation of the external pressure.  相似文献   

8.
Six dogs had signs of pelvic limb weakness, pain and collapse as a result of occlusion of the distal aorta and/or the iliac arteries by a thrombus. Antemortem diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical signs, angiography and ultrasonography. Five dogs had concurrent disease that probably predisposed to thrombosis, including hyperadrenocorticism (three dogs), neoplasia and cardiac disease. Two dogs died shortly after the episode of thrombosis. Dogs that survived the acute episode received aspirin in an attempt to prevent thrombosis occurring again and all regained pelvic limb function. For dogs that survived longer than one month after the acute episode, repeat thrombosis was uncommon; hence the prognosis was related to the underlying disease. Aortic and iliac thrombosis in dogs is an uncommon condition that usually arises secondarily to a predisposing disease process; it carries a more favourable prognosis than feline aortic thromboembolism.  相似文献   

9.
An 8-year-old mixed-breed dog was evaluated for caudal paresis. Transient lameness of the left hind and left forelimbs had developed during the preceding week. Clinical findings included conscious proprioceptive deficits, hyporeflexive tendon reflexes and decreased pain perception, coolness in the hind limbs and left forelimb, and absence of femoral pulses. A fluid-dense mass was radiographically identified adjacent to the left atrium. Echocardiography revealed a mass in the left atrium and spontaneous contrast in the left ventricular lumen and aortic root. The dog was euthanatized because of its deteriorating condition. A large mass was adhered to the dorsal left atrial wall and had eroded into the atrial lumen. A sterile blood clot was attached to this site, and sterile thrombi were in the terminal portion of the aorta. Histologically, the mass was found to be hilar lymph node with chronic pyogranulomatous inflammation containing organisms characteristic of Blastomyces dermatitidis.  相似文献   

10.
Kichang Lee  DVM  MS    Mincheol Choi  DVM  PhD    Junghee Yoon  DVM  PhD    Juhyun Jung  DVM  MS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2004,45(2):166-171
Normal values of arterial blood flow velocity and waveforms in major arteries of 10 healthy conscious Beagle dogs were determined using Doppler ultrasonography. Peak systolic, early diastolic, and end-diastolic velocities of the basilar artery, common carotid artery, abdominal aorta, external iliac artery, femoral artery, and peak ejection velocity of the valvular aorta were evaluated. Pulsatility index (PI) of the basilar artery and blood pressure were recorded. All arteries had a high-resistance flow pattern with triphasic flow velocity except the basilar artery, which had a low-resistance pattern. Mean peak systolic velocities of the basilar artery, common carotid artery, abdominal aorta, external iliac artery, and femoral artery were 72 +/- 19, 115 +/- 17, 121 +/- 24, 105 +/- 25, and 110 +/- 17 cm/s, respectively. The PI of the basilar artery and peak ejection velocity of the valvular aorta were 1.37 +/- 0.13 and 96 +/- 16 cm/s, respectively. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 137 +/- 13 and 78 +/- 15 mmHg, respectively. Present findings may be used as references in future studies on vascular diseases and hemodynamics in dogs.  相似文献   

11.
A 7-month-old Miniature filly was examined because of a 4-day history of abnormal posture, lethargy and weakness. On initial evaluation, the filly presented with an abnormal stiff gait in her hindlimbs associated with hindlimb ataxia and lumbar kyphosis. She showed hindlimb discomfort by weight shifting from one hindlimb to the other. A complete blood count revealed an acute inflammatory leukogram associated with hyperfibrinogenaemia. The measurement of the serum amyloid A concentration indicated anactive inflammatory process. Biochemistry and urinalysis results revealed a severe azotaemia associated with diluted urine despite clinical dehydration, consistent with acute renal failure. Medical treatment was initiated with fluid therapy and antimicrobials. The pain was managed with morphine sulphate only, to avoid further kidney damage. The filly maintained an abnormal gait during this time, became progressively more ataxic and uncomfortable, and developed colic episodes. Because the horse was unresponsive to pain management, euthanasia was elected by the client. Post-mortem examination revealed an occlusive thrombus within the abdominal aorta, firmly attached to the intima, partially recanalised and extending from the aorta 1 cm along the right renal artery. In the left and right kidneys, severe subacute neutrophilic pyelonephritis, with lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis was noted. In the hindlimb muscles, multifocal myocyte necrosis and evidence of regeneration was present. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case of acute suprarenal occlusion to be described in a horse.  相似文献   

12.
Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in dairy cattle: 22 cases (1997-2000)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
OBJECTIVE: To determine signalment, history, and clinical, necropsy, and microbiologic findings in dairy cows with hemorrhagic bowel syndrome. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 22 adult dairy cows from a single farm in Colorado. PROCEDURE: Medical records were reviewed for information on signalment, medical and reproductive history, the owner's chief complaints, results of physical examinations and ancillary diagnostic tests, treatment and response to treatment, results of microbiologic testing, and, if applicable, postmortem findings. RESULTS: Common clinical signs were acute signs of profound depression, decreased milk production, tachycardia, ruminal stasis, abdominal distention, and dark clotted blood in the feces. Rectal examination revealed distended loops of small intestine in 7 of 14 cows. Transabdominal ultrasonography revealed small intestinal ileus and distention in 12 of 12 cows and homogeneous echogenic intraluminal material compatible with intraluminal hemorrhage and clot formation in 4. Seven of 8 cows treated medically died; 9 of 13 cows that underwent surgery died or were euthanatized. Clostridium perfringens was isolated from fecal samples from 17 of 20 cows. The most common morphologic diagnosis at necropsy was severe necrohemorrhagic enteritis or jejunitis with intraluminal hemorrhage or blood clots. The most prominent histologic finding was severe, segmental submucosal hemorrhage and edema of the small intestine. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results confirm that in adult cattle, hemorrhagic bowel syndrome is a sporadic acute intestinal disorder characterized by intraluminal hemorrhage and obstruction of the small intestine. Clostridium perfringens was consistently isolated from the feces of affected cows. The prognosis for affected cows was grave.  相似文献   

13.
A 2 yr old spayed female German shepherd presented with a chief complaint of acute onset paraparesis and weight loss. At presentation, the dog was pyrexic, nonambulatory, and had generalized muscle wasting. Neurolocalization was consistent with a thoracolumbar spinal cord lesion. An abdominal ultrasound was performed and revealed a focal dilation (4 cm) of the terminal aorta with evidence of blood stasis consistent with an aortic aneurysm. The dog was euthanized shortly after admission to the hospital and a post mortem examination was performed. Fungal organisms were identified in the aortic aneurysm as well as from the thoracic vertebrae, mesenteric lymph nodes, axillary lymph nodes, spleen, kidneys, liver, lungs, and heart. Although the morphology was consistent with Candida spp., immunohistochemistry and PCR could not definitively identify the causative organism. Mycotic aortic aneurysms are a rare finding in humans and have not been previously reported in the dog. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first known report of an aortic aneurysm associated with systemic fungal infection in a dog.  相似文献   

14.
Historical, physical examination, clinicopathologic, radiographic and ultrasonographic findings of 13 dogs with gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle tumors (11 leiomyosarcomas, 2 leiomyomas) were reviewed. History, including signalment and chief complaint, physical examination and bloodwork were neither sensitive nor specific for GI neoplasia. Imaging procedures, radiology and ultrasonography, detected the presence of abdominal masses in 12 patients, including 9 animals lacking a palpable mass on initial examination. Survey radiographs of 10 of the 13 dogs revealed a mass effect in 5/10 dogs, evidence of peritoneal effusion or free abdominal gas in 3/10 dogs, and an obstructive pattern with gas and fluid distension of the intestinal tract in 1/10 dogs. Ultrasonography identified an abdominal mass in 12/13 dogs, and peritoneal effusion in 5 animals. Ultrasonography correctly recognized an association of the mass with bowel segments by the presence of intraluminal gas, within or adjacent to the mass effect, in 10 dogs, and strongly suggested an intestinal origin in one additional animal. GI smooth muscle tumors often appeared as large masses, eccentrically projecting from the bowel wall, frequently containing single or multiple hypo/anechoic regions. Based on this study we conclude that ultrasonography is more sensitive than survey radiography in the detection of GI smooth muscle tumors, and may present specific features to distinguish smooth muscle tumors from other types of GI tumors. Ultrasonography is recommended as a screening procedure for cases where GI neoplasia is suspected.  相似文献   

15.
A 12-year-old sexually intact male Vendee Griffon Basset was presented for acute pulmonary oedema. Severe systemic systolic arterial hypertension (SAH) was diagnosed (290 mmHg). Despite blood and abdominal ultrasound tests, the underlying cause of the systemic hypertension could not be determined, and primary SAH was therefore suspected. Conventional echocardiography showed eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy with normal fractional shortening. Despite this apparent normal systolic function, 2D colour tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) identified a marked longitudinal systolic left ventricular myocardial alteration, whereas radial function was still preserved. Three months later, the dog underwent euthanasia because of an acute episode of distal aortic thromboembolism. Necropsy revealed severe aortic and iliac arteriosclerosis. SAH related to arteriosclerosis is a common finding in humans, but has not been previously described in dogs. Moreover, its consequence on longitudinal myocardial function using TDI has never been documented before in this species.  相似文献   

16.
A 9-year-old male rabbit was presented for chronic intermittent anorexia and colic. A small abdominal mass was evident on palpation, and ultrasonography demonstrated a luminal mass and small intussusception in the distal cecum. Surgical resection of the distal third of the cecum was performed and histologic examination yielded a diagnosis of an inflammatory fibroid polyp. Although reported as causing intussusception in humans and other animals, the authors are unaware of any reports in pet or laboratory rabbits. The etiology and histogenesis of inflammatory fibroid polyps are still unclear.  相似文献   

17.
A 10-year-old cat with the paresis of hind limbs was initially diagnosed as a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy followed by acute thromboembolism of caudal abdominal aorta from the findings of the medical examinations. However, this case was proved to be an chronic myocardial infarction due to arteriosclerosis of coronary arteries by the pathologic diagnosis. In the left ventricular, the hypertrophy and the narrowing were slight, and a coagulative infarction was seen obviously. The intramural coronary arteriosclerosis showed thickening of the wall due to medial hyperplasia by fibrosis, and arterial stenosis. Myocardial infarction and arteriosclerosis are scarcely any reports of these lesions in cats. This case is valuable for an extremely rare case of myocardial infarction in the cat.  相似文献   

18.
Clinical findings in 4 horses with aortic root disease are described. Three of the horses had aneurysms of the right aortic sinus, and in 2 of the 3, the aneurysm ruptured, creating a fistula between the aorta and right ventricle. One of these horses had had a murmur since birth, and the aortic sinus aneurysm may have been a congenital anomaly. In a second horse, the aneurysm may have been an acquired condition that developed secondary to chronic aortic regurgitation. Another horse had a large subendocardial hematoma associated with dissection of blood from the aorta to the interventricular septum because of a tear in the aortic root near the right aortic sinus. Ventricular ectopy and signs of abdominal pain were the most common initial signs in these horses.  相似文献   

19.
In the present study, the relationship of normal adrenal dimensions with weight, aortic diameter, age and sex was evaluated. Moreover, a formula for estimating the normal dimensions of adrenal gland was provided. Thirty‐two intact adult dogs that were considered healthy based on history, physical examination, routine blood works and specific adrenal tests as well as absence of any abnormal ultrasonographic findings were included. Adrenal glands and abdominal aorta were imaged in the sagittal plane by ultrasound. Length, maximal height of the cranial and caudal poles, area and circumference of the left and right adrenal glands and also the internal diameter of the abdominal aorta were measured. Analysis showed that there is a positive correlation between the adrenal gland dimensions and weight and aortic diameter. The ratio of adrenal gland dimensions and the aortic diameter was calculated, but this ratio showed a great amount of variability in tandem with a significant correlation to the weight; Meaning that the ratio of the adrenal gland dimensions to the aortic diameter was not a reliable index for evaluating the size of the normal adrenal gland in animals with different weights. Therefore, we used the weight along with adrenal measurements in a linear regression model, and then, we were able to estimate the adrenal gland dimensions in different weights. Knowing the relationship of normal adrenal dimensions with the indices such as weight, age, sex and diameter of abdominal aorta can help the clinicians to diagnose the adrenal gland diseases.  相似文献   

20.
A 24-year-old Warmblood gelding presented with a 6-hour history of recurrent colic signs of increasing severity. Upon presentation, he was mildly painful, tachycardic and tachypnoeic and had decreased borborygmi. Nasogastric intubation resulted in no net reflux and rectal palpation revealed an ascending colon impaction. Percutaneous abdominal ultrasonography revealed dilated, thickened and hypomotile loops of small intestine. Complete blood count revealed leucopenia with neutropenia and an increased packed cell volume. Serum biochemistry revealed hyperproteinaemia, hyperglycaemia, hypocalcaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia, hypercholesterolaemia and elevated liver enzymes. Despite sedation and fluid resuscitation, the gelding became severely colicky. A repeat ultrasound was performed, revealing a moderate amount of free fluid and a mass effect between the liver and right dorsal colon. Abdominocentesis yielded a yellow, turbid fluid containing free-floating white debris with an increased total protein and lactate concentration. Cytology of the fluid revealed necrotic mesothelial cells. The gelding was humanely euthanised due to poor prognosis. Necropsy revealed acute, severe pancreatitis and duodenitis. The mass effect on ultrasonography was retrospectively identified as the pancreas exhibiting a similar architecture to that seen in cases of acute pancreatitis in small animals.  相似文献   

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