首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
To improve nutrition intake of humans, it is recommended that fruits and vegetables constitute a major portion of diets. An improvement in the mineral nutrient contents of fruits and vegetables is needed to offset apparent declines in the elements in these foods. This research addressed the enrichment of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) through the selection of nutrient-rich cultivars and soil fertility practices. Conventional fertilizers, organic fertilizers, and compost were evaluated with modern F1 hybrids in field experiments. Crop production was greater with the chemical or organic fertilizers than with the compost. Mineral nutrient composition varied among cultivars but not with fertility practices, suggesting that cultivar selection could lead to production of nutrient-rich cabbage. Neither the mass of heads or days to maturation of crops affected nutrient composition.  相似文献   

2.
Depleted soil fertility and high-yielding cultivars have been associated with low nutrient contents in vegetables. This study explored if elemental nutrient concentrations in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) can be increased through selection of cultivars and nutritional regimes. Cultivars with different phenotypes of heirloom and modern origins were studied in field experiments in two years. Chemical fertilizer (10-10-10), compost, and an organic fertility regime of soybean meal, bone meal, and potassium sulfate were assessed for their effects on growth and composition of fruits of the cultivars. Differences in nutrient concentrations between modern or heirloom cultivars or among fertility treatments were small or non-significant. Differences among individual cultivars for each element were large with some cultivars having nearly twice the concentrations of nutrients of others and with considerable uniformity in cultivar rankings among the elements. This work suggests that cultivars can be selected for production of nutrient-dense tomatoes.  相似文献   

3.
Depleted soil fertility and high-yielding cultivars have been associated with low mineral nutrient contents in vegetables. This study explored if mineral nutrient concentrations of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) can be increased though selection of cultivars and management of soil fertility. Cultivars including butterhead, romaine, and loose-leaf phenotypes of heritage and modern origins were studied. Conventional, compost, and organic regimes were assessed. Elements in whole heads were determined. Heritage cultivars had about 7% higher magnesium, sulfur, copper, and iron (Mg, S, Cu, and Fe) concentrations than modern cultivars with no differences occurring for phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sodium, zinc, manganese and boron (P, K, Ca, Na, Zn, Mn, and B). Differences for each element occurred among phenotypes and fertilization but with no consistent trends. Head weight had only minor effects on nutrient concentrations, but total accumulation increased with head size. Some cultivars had nearly twice the accumulation of nutrients as others. This work suggests that cultivars can be selected for production of nutrient-rich lettuce.  相似文献   

4.
The objective of this experiment was to assess the effects of organic or chemical nutrient solutions on the growth and composition of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in greenhouse production. Hoagland and Arnon nutrient solution, an organic hydroponics solution, and no fertilization were factored with lettuce cultivars of different phenotypes, iceberg, romaine, loose head, and loose leaf. Lettuce growth was higher with Hoagland and Arnon solution than with the organic fertilizer or with no fertilization. The organic fertilizer increased growth above no fertilizer applied. Hoagland and Arnon solution gave the highest concentration of nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, and iron in the lettuce whereas lettuce grown with the organic fertilizer had the highest phosphorus. Plant nutrient accumulation differed slightly among the cultivars. Hoagland and Arnon solution produced high nitrate in leaves. Nitrate concentrations with organic or no fertilization were low. Loose head or loose leaf cultivars had higher nitrate than romaine or iceberg.  相似文献   

5.
Mineral nutrient contents in vegetable-based foods are a concern in human diets, and depleted soil fertility and high-yielding cultivars are associated with low nutrient contents. This study explored if mineral nutrient concentrations of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) can be increased though selection of cultivars and nutritional regimes in greenhouse production. Cultivars including butterhead, romaine, and loose-leaf phenotypes of heritage and modern origins were studied. Hoagland solution, a commercial inorganic fertilizer, and a commercial organic fertilizer were the nutrient regimes. Heritage cultivars had about 10% higher phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc (P, K, Ca, Mg, and Zn) concentrations than modern cultivars. Differences in elemental concentrations occurred among phenotypes and nutritional regimes but with no consistent trend among elements for phenotypes or regimes. Some cultivars had twice the concentrations of nutrients of other cultivars. This work suggests that cultivars can be selected for production of mineral nutrient-rich lettuce.  相似文献   

6.
以吉林省农业科学院黑土有机培肥定位试验基地为平台,研究了不同种类有机肥(堆腐肥、鸡粪、牛粪和猪粪)施用对土壤及不同粒级团聚体中有机碳和腐殖质组成的影响。结果表明:与不施肥(CK)和单施化肥(NPK)相比,有机肥配施化肥显著(P0.05)增加了土壤有机碳、胡敏酸碳(HAC)和胡敏素碳(HUC)含量;同时,有机肥配施化肥也增加了不同粒级团聚体中有机碳和腐殖质碳含量,其中施用堆腐肥显著增加了各粒级团聚体中有机碳、HAC和HUC含量。不同种类有机肥相比,施用堆腐肥处理的土壤有机碳、HAC和HUC含量均高于其他有机肥处理,并与牛粪处理之间差异显著;施用堆腐肥和牛粪后,0.25mm粒级团聚体有机碳含量高于其他有机肥处理,且2~0.25mm粒级团聚体有机碳含量显著高于鸡粪处理;从不同粒级团聚体中腐殖质组分的分布来看,施用堆腐肥后,2~0.25mm粒级团聚体中HAC和HUC含量显著高于猪粪处理,而0.25~0.053,0.053mm粒级团聚体中HAC含量显著低于鸡粪处理。上述结果说明,有机肥配施化肥提高了土壤团聚体中有机碳和腐殖质碳含量,但不同有机肥的效应不同。  相似文献   

7.
Soil degradation and water pollution are widespread land degradation problems in Southeast Asia. Policy makers are currently faced with the challenge of designing and implementing strategies to maintain soil fertility and avoid off-site effects. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of organic substrate amendments on soil properties, nutrient leaching and the growth of Ipomea aquatica in an acidic degraded soil from northern Vietnam. Plants were grown in an Acrisol in buckets under natural weather conditions for two months. The same amount of nutrients was applied either in a purely synthetic form (mineral fertilizers) or as two alternative organic substrates (three month old compost or vermicompost from buffalo dung) plus additional amounts of synthetic mineral nutrients to ensure the same quantity of NPK. The influence of these respective substrates on the soil's physical and chemical properties as well as plant growth was examined. Both compost and vermicompost led to an improvement in soil properties with an increase in the pH, soil organic matter and nutrient content, compared to soil fertilized with synthetic mineral products. The highest plant productivity was obtained with vermicompost and synthetic fertilizers, with no significant difference between these two treatments. Chemical fertilization, however, is the least effective practice based on the amount of nutrients leached from the soil (about 38% of N and 22% of K, compared to less than 10 and 5% of N and K with organic amendments). P leaching was not influenced by the fertilizer treatments. In conclusion, vermicompost does appear to be a relevant alternative to chemical fertilizers because it leads to similar enhancements in plant growth, at the same time as increasing soil quality and decreasing nutrient leaching.  相似文献   

8.
施肥与土壤健康质量论施肥对环境的影响（3）   总被引：23，自引：3，他引：23  
曹志洪 《土壤》2003,35(6):450-455
就施肥与土壤健康质量而言,有机肥的问题比无机肥的更严重。无机的N肥、K肥是化学晶体,比较洁净,导致污染的可能性不大。国产P矿为原料的P肥和钙镁磷肥的Cd含量也较低,但进口的磷矿粉以进口P矿为原料的P肥的Cd含量较高,是无机肥料对人畜健康的主要危险。有机肥有病原微生物,有机毒物及重金属污染的问题。从生态安全和充分利用自然资源看,有机堆肥、污泥堆肥是必须开发利用的。因其使用量特别大,所含污染物的危险性也就较大。制定相应的法规和有机肥产品的质量标准进行监督和控制是紧要的任务。建议其产品主要应用在林木、草坪、花草及木本经济作物上,蔬菜和一年生的粮食作物上应慎用。  相似文献   

9.
Abstract

Macadamia husk‐manure compost was evaluated as an organic fertilizer for the production of macadamia in an experiment over four years at irrigated and unirrigated sites on the MacFarms of Hawaii orchard. The treatments were (1) Fertilizer, a combination of solid and liquid chemical fertilizers applied based on leaf and soil analysis, (2) Compost, 10,000 kg ha‐1 of a macadamia husk‐cattle manure compost alone applied annually between July and October, and (3) Compost+, compost plus mineral fertilizers applied based on leaf and soil analysis. In‐shell nut and kernel yield and quality were higher at irrigated than unirrigated sites, but were not significantly affected by the treatments. Change in leaf nutrient composition appears minimum except for slightly lower nitrogen (N) and boron (B) at two orchard sites for the compost treatment. Compost increased soil pH, total ion exchange capacity, soil organic matter, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) at all sites, and sodium (Na) at irrigated sites. Soil nitrate (NO)‐N was lower in the compost treatment. Fertilization with compost was not profitable because the cost of compost application exceeded conventional fertilization cost tenfold for MacFarms, the largest macadamia farm in the United States.  相似文献   

10.
Biochar produced in cost‐efficient flame curtain kilns (Kon‐Tiki) was nutrient enriched either with cow urine or with dissolved mineral (NPK) fertilizer to produce biochar‐based fertilizers containing between 60–100 kg N, 5–60 kg P2O5 and 60–100 kg K2O, respectively, per ton of biochar. In 21 field trials, nutrient‐enriched biochars were applied at rates of 0·5–2 t ha−1 into the root zone of 13 different crops. Treatments combining biochar, compost and organic or chemical fertilizer were evaluated; control treatments contained same amounts of nutrients but without biochar. All nutrient‐enriched biochar substrates improved yields compared with their respective no‐biochar controls. Biochar enriched with dissolved NPK produced on average 20% ± 5·1% (N  = 4 trials) higher yields than standard NPK fertilization without biochar. Cow urine‐enriched biochar blended with compost resulted on average in 123% ± 76·7% (N  = 13 trials) higher yields compared with the organic farmer practice with cow urine‐blended compost and outcompeted NPK‐enriched biochar (same nutrient dose) by 103% ± 12·4% (N  = 4 trials) respectively. Thus, the results of 21 field trials robustly revealed that low‐dosage root zone application of organic biochar‐based fertilizers caused substantial yield increases in rather fertile silt loam soils compared with traditional organic fertilization and to mineral NPK or NPK‐biochar fertilization. This can be explained by the nutrient carrier effect of biochar, causing a slow nutrient release behaviour, more balanced nutrient fluxes and reduced nutrient losses, especially when liquid organic nutrients are used for the biochar enrichment. The results open up new pathways for optimizing organic farming and improving on‐farm nutrient cycling. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

11.
This study conducted a long-term field trial to evaluate the effects of three farming methods (i.e., conventional farming, organic farming, and intermediate farming) on soil fertility and plant growth under a crop rotation of vegetables, sweet corn, and rice. The nitrogen (N) uptake of crops grown with chemical fertilizers (CFs) and organic fertilizers was also compared carefully over 7 consecutive years. The results revealed that only a fraction of the nitrogen N in chicken manure compost was available to crops immediately following application. Therefore, the fresh weight production and absorption of N by amaranth, water convolvulus, and sprouting broccoli plants were relatively minimal compared to those grown with chemical N fertilizers. However, the amount of N from the chicken manure compost met the nutrient requirements of rice and sweet corn. Application of chicken manure compost increased the accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM) and available phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) content, which is essential for enhancing soil quality. Because of the rapid decomposition of rapeseed seed meal (RSM), most of the N in RSM was mineralized immediately following application, which induced the rapid growth of leafy vegetables and increased yields. Application of compost with chemical fertilizers not only results in yields as high as those from pure chemical fertilizer treatment, but also improves SOM accumulation and soil fertility.  相似文献   

12.
The amounts of olive husks produced in Mediterranean countries are very significant. Their treatment and disposal are becoming serious environmental problems. Increasing attention has been paid to finding a use for olive husks. A technological treatment is available to reduce their pollutant effects and to transform them into valuable products. The most suitable procedures are recycling instead of the detoxification of these wastes. It is possible to transform olive husks into organic fertilizers (composts) by composting with poultry manure. The compost has no phytotoxicity and may improve soil fertility and plant production. The composting process involves the microbial degradation of the polluting load of the solid wastes. Results of experiments using olive husk composts in crop production have shown that yields obtained with organic fertilization are similar, and sometimes higher, than those obtained with classic manure. Their bioavailability may be linked to the soil humic complexes originated by these organic fertilizers and to mineral components (active lime and clay). The composition of vegetable leaves improved similitude between compost and manure, normal concentrations but with deficiency in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.  相似文献   

13.
Chinese cabbage is a leafy green with great economic potential, mostly in those areas where it has not yet been widely cultivated, but its demand is increasing, due to its high nutritional and therapeutic value. The experimental factors involved three cultivars of Chinese cabbage, different irrigation, and fertilization treatments. The main aims of the present research were to establish the influence of water and fertilization management on Chinese cabbage chemical composition in an organic cropping system and to determine relations between the organic fertilizers and cabbage leaf macroelements, essential microelements, and heavy metal concentrations. The results showed that sheep manure was richer in almost all the studied elements, including heavy metals; plants fertilized with this manure have higher levels of heavy metals; irrigation had a secondary effect on the decreasing heavy metal concentration in plants; and plants fertilized with biofertilizers showed high amounts of potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn).  相似文献   

14.
In a greenhouse experiment, tomato plants were grown in sand culture to test whether different fertilization regimes (mineral or organic fertilizers) at low (500 mg N plant–1 week–1) and high (750 mg N plant–1 week–1) nitrogen levels affected yield, nutritional quality, and taste of the fruits. In the mineral‐fertilizer treatments, nitrate‐ or ammonium‐dominated nutrient solutions were used. Organic fertilizer was supplied as fresh cut grass‐clover mulch (a total of 2.4 kg and 3.6 kg were given per plant at low and high N level, respectively) without (orgN) and with additional sulfur fertilization (orgN+S). Yields of red tomatoes from the organically fertilized plants were significantly lower (1.3–1.8 kg plant–1) than yields from plants that received mineral fertilizer (2.2–2.8 kg plant–1). At the final harvest, yields of green tomatoes in the organic treatment with extra sulfur were similar (1.1–1.2 kg plant–1) to the NO ‐dominated treatments at both nutrient levels and the NH ‐dominated treatment at high nutrient level. Organic fertilizers released nutrients more slowly than mineral fertilizers, resulting in decreased S and P concentrations in the leaves, which limited growth and yield in the orgN treatments. Analysis of tomato fruits and plants as well as taste‐test results gave no conclusive answer on the relationship between sugar or acid contents in the fruits, macronutrient content of plant leaves and fruits, and perceived taste. Sugar contents were higher in the fruits given mineral fertilizer, whereas acid contents were higher in the fruits given organic fertilizer. Preference in taste was given to the tomatoes from plants fertilized with the nitrate‐dominated nutrient solution and to those given organic fertilizer with extra sulfur. Thus, a reduction in growth, which was expected to lead to a higher concentration of compounds like sugars and acids, did not result in better taste. Overall, it can be concluded that an appropriate nutrient supply is crucial to reach high yields and good taste.  相似文献   

15.
我国蔬菜化肥减施潜力与科学施用对策   总被引：35，自引：10，他引：25  
本文基于国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系养分管理岗位团队“十一五”和“十二五”计划对全国蔬菜的试验和调查结果(共1227个农户地块，其中578个设施蔬菜地块，649个露地蔬菜地块)，细致分析了我国蔬菜化肥和有机肥使用本底及施肥中存在的主要问题。分析结果表明，1) 我国蔬菜化肥养分 (N + P2O5 + K2O) 用量平均为1092.0 kg/hm2，是全国农作物化肥养分用量 (328.5 kg/hm2) 的3.3倍，其中设施和露地蔬菜化肥养分用量平均分别为1354.5和 859.5 kg/hm2，分别是全国农作物化肥养分用量的4.1和2.6倍。2) 我国蔬菜肥料 (化肥 + 有机肥) 中氮、磷和钾各自总用量普遍超量，主要设施蔬菜N、P2O5和K2O施用总量平均分别是各自推荐量的1.9、5.4和1.6倍，主要露地蔬菜N、P2O5和K2O施用总量平均分别是各自推荐量的2.7、5.9和1.5倍，区域间蔬菜肥料养分用量不均衡现象突出，蔬菜种类间肥料养分用量差异大。3) 有机肥和基施化肥中的N、P2O5、K2O比例不合理，P2O5占比明显过高。设施栽培蔬菜总养分投入、有机肥养分和基施化肥养分N∶P2O5∶K2O分别为1.00∶0.85∶0.94、1.00∶1.10∶0.88和1.00∶0.95∶1.09；露地蔬菜三者比例平均分别为1.00∶0.63∶0.56、1.00∶1.01∶0.84和1.00∶0.90∶0.67。4) 基肥化肥养分用量比例普遍过高，设施和露地蔬菜平均分别达到45.7%和51.0%，其中华北、华东、华中和西南地区设施蔬菜基肥化肥养分比例平均在45.5%～68.7%之间，华中地区露地蔬菜基肥化肥养分比例平均高达63.0%。5) 按合理施肥条件下设施蔬菜有机肥替代化肥45%、露地蔬菜有机肥替代化肥35%的比例估算，主要设施蔬菜化肥养分减施潜力平均在34.8%～67.1%之间，主要露地蔬菜化肥养分减施潜力在41.9%～76.8%之间。我国主要菜区今后在减少N、P2O5、K2O投入总量的同时，应高度重视协调N、P2O5、K2O比例以及化肥的基追肥比例，改进磷肥使用策略，并制订化肥精准减量、有机肥替代化肥、施用专用新型化肥、推广水肥一体化技术等技术对策。  相似文献   

16.
The responses of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. ‘Arroyo’) to organic nitrogen (N) fertilizers were investigated in a greenhouse. Fertilizers were blood meal (BLO), feather meal (FM), cottonseed meal, alfalfa meal, sewage sludge, compost, cow manure, a chemical fertilizer, and a treatment without fertilizer. Amounts of N from fertilizers were 100, 200, 400, or 800?mg per pot. Lettuce yield was higher for plants receiving fertilizers than with no fertilizer and increased with increased N applications, but high applications of BLO or FM suppressed yields. Nitrogen and nitrate increased in leaves as N supply increased with all fertilizers. Small changes in leaf nutrient contents other than N occurred among or with increased application of the various fertilizers. The soil carbon dioxide release and ammonia volatilization were high from fertilizers with high N concentrations. Organic fertilizers with high N increased lettuce growth at lower applications than those with low N content.  相似文献   

17.
Although current recommendations in Brazil suggest the application of mineral and organic fertilizers, there is little information regarding the interaction between them in melon plants. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mineral and organic fertilization in the plant development, nutritional status, and fruit yield of yellow melon. The following fertilizations were evaluated: mineral fertilization; bovine manure; bovine manure associated with mineral fertilization; poultry litter; and poultry litter associated with mineral fertilization. Bovine manure and poultry litter were applied at rates equivalent to 15 m3 ha?1 and 5 m3 ha?1, respectively. Phosphorus and potassium were applied based on the results of the soil analysis and nitrogen based on the expected yield of 20 to 30 t ha?1 of fruits. Phosphate and organic fertilizers were applied at the time of preparation of the beds, while nitrogen and potassium were supplied daily through irrigation water. Goldex F1 melon hybrid seedlings were used in the experiment. Plants were collected to evaluate the dry matter production at beginning of flowering, beginning of fruiting, fruit growth, and fruit harvest. Leaves were collected at flowering stage to evaluate the nutritional status of plants. Harvest was made when the fruits reached the intense yellow coloration. Organic fertilizers alone and combined to mineral fertilizer did not affect the dry matter yield of leaves, stems, fruits and shoot, the concentrations of macro and micronutrients in melon leaves, the nitrogen accumulation in the plant, and the yield of the yellow melon. The application of bovine manure associated to mineral fertilization showed the lowest values of nitrogen recovery applied. Bovine manure application resulted in increase of nitrogen organic forms in soil.  相似文献   

18.
The integrated nutrient management with organic manure and chemical fertilizers can improve rice (Oryza sativa L.) production, soil health, and fertility. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of organic manures and chemical fertilizers on the yield and nutrient content of wetland rice under field conditions. It was conducted in northern Iran in two consecutive years, 2015 and 2016 as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications. Two local rice cultivars, Tarom Hashemi and Tarom Mahalli, were chosen as the first factor; mineral fertilizers in four levels: 100% recommended nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK), 75% recommended nitrogen with 100% phosphorus-potassium (PK), 75% recommended phosphorus with 100% nitrogen-potassium (NK), and 75% recommended potassium with 100% nitrogen-phosphorus (NP), were selected based on soil analysis and were arranged as the second factor; and three levels of organic manures, namely zero and eight tons of vermicompost per hectare, and 10 tons of rotted manure per hectare was the third factor. Results revealed that the highest paddy yield occurs with vermicompost and manure consumption for both cultivars. Moreover, the highest paddy yield (3962 kg ha?1) occurs with 100% recommended NPK and vermicompost consumption. For both cultivars, the most chlorophyll a and chlorophyll ab content was produced with application of 100% recommended NPK. The most grain nitrogen content, grain nitrogen uptake, protein content, and protein yield were observed with 100% recommended NPK applied with 10 tons of rotted manure and eight tons of vermicompost usage per hectare. Therefore, in view of the ever-increasing use of chemical fertilizers and irreversible damage thereby, the additional use of these compounds can benefit the environment and human health. The global attention to sustainable agricultural concepts and organic manure can, in addition to producing reasonable yields, be considered as an appropriate alternative to chemical fertilizers.  相似文献   

19.
不同养分管理措施下常年菜地蔬菜生长及氮素径流特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
【目的】蔬菜生产超量施肥现象十分普遍,由此导致的面源污染问题日益严重。研究探讨常年菜地的合理施肥技术,明确蔬菜合理的氮肥投入阈值范围,从污染源头控制氮的迁移、流失,对于降低氮肥对水体的污染风险具有积极意义。【方法】本试验采用大田小区试验方法,设置不施肥对照和不同用量化肥配施有机肥处理(N0,化肥氮空白;CON,习惯施肥;OPT,优化施肥;OPT+N,优化增氮;OPT+P,优化增磷;OPT+NPK,优化增氮磷钾),研究了不同养分管理措施对常年菜地甘蓝—茄子—甘蓝轮作模式下蔬菜生长及氮素径流流失的影响。【结果】连续三茬、为期一年的蔬菜试验,共采集径流样品18次。整个试验期间,不同处理的菜地地表径流铵态氮浓度均低于2.0mg/L的地表水V类水标准限值,且施肥对铵态氮的影响无明显规律性。地表径流硝态氮和总氮具有相似的浓度变化特征,浓度范围分别为0.03 28.43 mg/L和1.06 31.79 mg/L,硝态氮是土壤矿质氮流失的主要氮素形态。施氮不同程度增加总氮和硝态氮浓度,且化肥氮的作用尤为明显。几乎所有径流样品的总氮浓度均超过2.0 mg/L的地表水V类水的标准限值,OPT+NPK处理总氮浓度及硝态氮超标率均最高。对照处理的菜地总氮年流失负荷为30.8 kg/hm2,化肥氮空白处理与对照间无显著差异。其他有机无机肥配施处理中CON、OPT、OPT+N、OPT+P和OPT+NPK处理总氮年流失负荷分别为69.81、54.95、76.6、55.45和90.73 kg/hm2,分别较对照显著提高126.51%、78.29%、148.54%、79.92%和194.39%,且以OPT+NPK处理的流失负荷(90.73 kg/hm2)最高、OPT处理负荷较低(54.95 kg/hm2)。菜地施肥处理的氮肥流失系数在1.47%3.44%之间,总体随化肥氮用量增加而升高。施肥显著增加蔬菜产量,化肥氮空白处理的甘蓝和茄子产量较相应对照处理分别增加67.50%和114.20%,其他有机无机肥配施处理下两种蔬菜产量的增幅分别为5.1 5.5倍和4.5 5.9倍。相同有机肥用量条件下,施用氮、磷、钾化肥对蔬菜的增产作用明显,且以氮、磷、钾肥用量均最高的OPT+NPK处理的蔬菜产量增幅最大。【结论】从兼顾经济效益和环境效益角度出发,综合分析蔬菜产量、肥料投入成本及总氮流失负荷,优化施肥(OPT)处理可作为常年菜地推荐施肥技术方案。  相似文献   

20.
The effects of municipal food waste compost addition and mineral fertilization on selected soil microbiological activities were investigated during 3 years of reiterated treatments on two Mediterranean agricultural soils with different organic carbon content. Compost at 15, 30 and 45 t ha−1 (dry matter), mineral (NPK) fertilizers and combined fertilizers with 15 t ha−1 of compost plus two reduced doses of mineral N were applied to both soils. At both sites, organic amendment increased soil respiration, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, phosphatase and arylsulphatase activities. The differences in soil microbial activities among treatments, found after 3 years of repeated treatments, were attributable to the variations of soil organic C content and to the impact of soil tillage. Our results show that, in Mediterranean intensively cultivated agroecosystems, annual organic amendments improve the microbial activity of soil and produce cumulative effects, suggesting the usefulness of repeated high-rate compost applications.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号