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黑龙江三江国家级自然保护区西伯利亚狍冬季食性分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用粪便显微分析法对2011年11~12月从三江国家级自然保护区内西伯利亚狍(Capreolus pygargus)活动区域中采集的16个粪便复合样本进行镜检,并采用频率转换法对数据进行处理,结果表明:三江国家级自然保护区冬季狍取食种类为10科16种(属),取食植物类别中,乔木植物所占比例最高,为68.97%,灌木为21.02%,草本为10.04%。RD(相对密度)1%的植物共有5种,其中,白桦(40.87%)、毛榛子(20.46%)、蒙古栎(18.27%)、江柳(11.47%)、黄豆秸秆(6.00%)占狍冬季植物总量的97.07%,为狍冬季的主要食物。取食食物各科中,桦木科所占比例最大,为58.60%,其次为壳斗科和杨柳科,分别为19.00%和12.39%。并计算得出食物多样性指数H'为-2.16,均匀性指数J'为-0.79,食物生态位宽度B值为5.13。 相似文献
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肠道微生物是一个复杂的生态系统,与宿主的健康、疾病以及其他因素有着密切的关系。目前,关于肠道菌群结构和功能的研究较多,但是对西伯利亚狍肠道菌群的研究还未见报道。西伯利亚狍(Capreolus pygargus)属于反刍动物,有独特的消化特性和微生物群来帮助它们适应高纤维的食物。本研究利用高通量测序技术在Illumina MiSeq平台上对14只狍肠道微生物进行16S rRNA基因分析。结果表明:个体样本中门类组成的差异,雌性个体JY3和雄性个体JY9除Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Proteobacteria这3类菌群外,其他门类菌群所占比例都很低。在科水平上,雌性个体中Ruminococcaceae在JY7和JY13肠道内含量相对较少,Bacteroidaceae在JY7,JY10和JY13中含量较高。雄性个体中Ruminococcaceae在JY11和JY14肠道内含量较少,Prevotellaceae在JY4中含量较少。在属水平上,雌性个体特有的菌属为Roseburia,Alloprevotella,Lachnospiraceae_incertae_sedis和Coprococcus;雄性个体特有的菌属为Fusobacterium,Succiniclasticum,Streptococcus和Clostridium sensu stricto。Alpha多样性分析表明,Ace指数范围2128.93—772.98,Chao1指数范围2128.89—785.27,Shannon指数范围5.44—3.78,Simpson指数范围0.07—0.01。在不同物种分类水平上,雌雄狍肠道内的优势菌群有些不同。PCoA(principal co-ordinates analysis)分析显示,狍样本几乎混在一起,没有明显差异。 相似文献
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圈养条件下狍种群遗传多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2014,(15)
为了解圈养条件下长白山狍的遗传多样性现状,试验采用基因克隆方法对长白山6个狍样本线粒体DNA(mtDNA)细胞色素b(Cytb)基因序列进行测定,初步探讨圈养条件下长白山狍种群的遗传结构及与西伯利亚狍、欧洲狍的遗传分化问题。结果表明:在6个狍样本mtDNA Cytb基因序列中共检测到21个核苷酸多态位点,其多态位点的比例为1.85%,6个个体具有4种单倍型。圈养狍种群的遗传多样性水平较低,建议制订更有效的繁殖计划对圈养种群进行保护,避免近亲杂交。 相似文献
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2010年68月,在贺兰山的哈拉乌沟、甘沟、樊家营子等沟段收集了野化牦牛夏季的新鲜粪便,采用粪便显微分析法研究了野化牦牛的夏季食性。结果表明:夏季野化牦牛共取食13科21种(属)植物,珠芽蓼、内蒙葶苈、高山柳、针茅、梭草、禾叶凤毛菊为野化牦牛夏季取食主要食物,其中猪芽蓼(14.69%)是牦牛最喜食植物。在贺兰山野化牦牛夏季取食的各科植物中,禾本科(22.48%)、廖科(14.69%)、莎草科(13.14%)为主要取食植物。贺兰山野化牦牛夏季取食非禾本科草本植物最高,比例达到59.20%;其次为禾本科草本,比例为22.74;灌木排名第3,比例为16.77%。夏季牦牛Shannon-Wiener指数为-3.794,Pielou均匀度指数为-1.246,食物生态位宽度为13.581。同时将贺兰山野化牦牛夏季食性与冬春季节食性进行了比较。 相似文献
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本文分析了狍肉的营养价值,为狍肉的深入研究提供基础。试验中共有4组样品,每组均分别于背部、腹部、前腿部和后腿部4个部位进行取样。主要以干燥法、灼烧法、索氏提取法、气相色谱法等试验方法对狍肉的营养成分、氨基酸含量以及脂肪酸含量进行了测定。结果表明,狍肉的水分含量为73. 02%—81. 26%,脂肪含量为1. 66%—2. 87%,蛋白质含量为20. 49%—23. 95%。狍肉中有16种氨基酸,其中含有赖氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸等多种必需氨基酸,必需氨基酸含量占总氨基酸含量的45. 56%。样品狍肉中含有10种脂肪酸,ω-6系与ω-3系脂肪酸的比值为12. 87∶1. 00。 相似文献
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采用粪便显微组织学分析技术，分析了呼伦贝尔草原放牧绵羊冬季采食植物的种类组成，对不同牧草的喜食程度，并探讨了当地牧草资源的质量状况及改良草场，合理放牧等问题，研究表明，放牧绵羊冬季食物以禾本科植物为主，占７３．３％，豆科植物次之，占１１．６％菊科植物占第３位，为７．４％，其它科植物所占比例较小。 相似文献
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吉林省狍的种群数量及动态研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
2007年7月~2009年2月,在吉林省狍主要分区域东部长白山区,根据狍的生物学特性以及长白山区的地形、地貌、林型等特征,结合走访调查,在狍的适栖面积内随机布设样带196条,每年冬季调研。对样带内狍的活动痕迹、实体进行综合分析,统计样带密度。然后用DPS 7.05软件进行统计分析,计算吉林省东部长白山区狍的种群数量。结果表明:狍在长白山区种群数量2007年约为(40200.43±2725.45)只、2008年约为(41084.09±2773.61)只,种群数量呈上升趋势,分布面积扩大。同时提出对狍保护与利用的建议。 相似文献
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Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are two coccidian parasites with a worldwide distribution. T. gondii is one of the more common parasitic zoonoses in the world and in young children and immunocompromised persons, infection can lead to severe disease and death. N. caninum is an important cause of abortions in cattle. Wildlife have been identified as reservoirs and transmitters for both parasites. The purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalences of T. gondii, and N. caninum in moose (Alces alces), and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Sweden. Blood samples were collected from 417 moose during 2000-2005 and from 199 roe deer during 1990-2007. The samples were investigated for presence of antibodies by a T. gondii direct agglutination test and a N. caninum iscom ELISA. Because the iscom ELISA has not been validated for moose or roe deer, sera that gave a positive result were further investigated by immunoblot analysis to verify presence of antibodies. Antibodies to T. gondii were detected in 85 (20%) and 68 (34%) moose and roe deer sera, respectively. In moose the seroprevalence was higher in south and central Sweden than in the north, whereas there was no difference between the regions for roe deer. Adult moose and roe deer had higher odds of being seropositive than young animals but there were no difference in seroprevalence between males and females. One roe deer was positive by immunoblotting and was regarded as N. caninum positive, whereas all moose sera were negative. The results show that T. gondii infection is widely spread in the Swedish moose and roe deer populations. Precautions should therefore be taken when handling internal organs and carcasses of harvested cervids. Proper handling and cooking of game meat also is important to prevent toxoplasmosis in humans. 相似文献
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A comparison of food habits and prey preferences of Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) at the southwest Primorskii Krai in Russia and Hunchun in China 
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下载免费PDF全文 Yao NING Bao HENG Jinzhe QI Zexv LONG Mingyuan YAO Chong HUANG Zhilin LI Jianming LANG Guangshun JIANG Jianzhang MA 《Integrative zoology》2018,13(5):595-603
A small, isolated Amur tiger population ranges across the southwest Primorskii Krai region in Russia and Hunchun region in China. Many individuals, with “dual nationality,” cross the border frequently. Formulating effective conservation strategies requires a clear understanding of tiger food requirements in both countries. While the diets of tigers ranging in Russia is clearly understood, little is known of the tigers' feeding habits in China.. We used scat analysis combined with data on the abundance of 4 prey species to examine Amur tiger diet and prey preferences in Hunchun. We examined 53 tiger scat samples from 2011 to 2016 and found that tigers preyed on 12 species (11 species in winter), 4 of which were domestic animals with 33.58% biomass contribution; this was the first record of Amur tigers eating lynx in this area. Tigers showed a strong preference for wild boar (Jacobs index: +0.849), which were also the most frequently consumed prey, and a strong avoidance of roe deer (Jacobs index: ?0.693). On the Russian side, domestic animals (just dog) were rarely found in tiger scat, and tigers did not show strong avoidance of roe deer, but of sika deer. We also found red deer footprints during winter surveys and that tigers ate red deer on the Chinese side, while there was no record of red deer feeding on the Russian side. Reducing or eliminating human disturbance, such as grazing, is essential to recovering tiger prey and habitat in this area and the Sino‐Russian joint ungulate annual survey is indispensable for prey estimates of this small, isolated Amur tiger population. 相似文献
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Castro-Hermida JA García-Presedo I González-Warleta M Mezo M 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,179(1-3):216-219
Faecal samples from 224 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and 381 wild boars (Sus scrofa) shot during the 2008-2009 hunting season (August-January) in Galicia (NW Spain) were examined to determine the presence and intensity of infection by Cryptosporidium and Giardia. Analysis of a single sample from each of the roe deer revealed that the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis and giardiosis was 1.3% and 5.3% respectively. The prevalence of Giardia infection was significantly higher in juvenile female roe deer than in adult females, but no other significant differences were found in relation to age and sex. In wild boars, the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis and giardiosis was 7.6% and 1.3% respectively. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection was significantly higher in juvenile male wild boars than in adult males, but no other significant differences were found in relation to age or sex. In both groups of wild animals, the number of Cryptosporidium oocysts per gram of faeces (OPG) ranged from 5 to 200 and the number of Giardia cysts per gram of faeces (CPG) was between 5 and 47; there were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to number of infections. This is the first large study of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in roe deer and wild boars in hunting areas in Spain and the results demonstrate a low, but widespread prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in these animals. 相似文献
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Serum samples from 4339 wild cervids collected in Norway were tested for antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii using the direct agglutination test. The association between seroprevalence and species, sex, age, and geographic region was investigated. Positive titers (> or =1:40) were found in 33.9% of 760 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus); 12.6% of 2142 moose (Alces alces); 7.7% of 571 red deer (Cervus elaphus); and 1.0% of 866 reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). The seroprevalences were significantly different between the species. There was a significant increase in prevalence with age in roe deer, moose, and red deer, except from yearling to adult in red deer. A significant age-sex interaction was found in moose, and the effect of age was most distinct for females. No association between seropositive animals and sex was found for roe deer and red deer. There were significant differences in prevalence between geographic regions in roe deer and male moose. A widespread exposure to T. gondii in Norwegian cervids is documented, and meat from Norwegian cervids, particularly roe deer, should be regarded a potential source of infection for humans. 相似文献
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The winter diets of roe deer culled from Kielder Forest, in north-east England, where the incidence of liver carcinomas in roe deer is high, and Galloway Forest, in south-west Scotland, where the incidence of liver carcinomas is low, were compared by microhistological analysis of faeces. Both areas are planted with spruce forests but the diets of the deer from Kielder Forest were less varied and contained more spruce and heather than the diets of the deer from Galloway Forest. 相似文献
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Mussa PP Aceto P Abba C Sterpone L Meineri G 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2003,87(3-4):105-108
Roe deer feeding habits were studied in the western Alps during the summer season using the faecal analysis method. The diet of cattle grazing in the same area was also investigated and the trophical niche overlap between the two species was determined. The roe deer diet was found very variable and mostly composed of dicotyledons, with Leguminosae and Cistaceae as prevalent species. Monocotyledons, mainly represented by Graminaceae, were consumed to a lesser extent. A significant preference was observed for Cistaceae and other dicotyledons whereas a significant refuse was observed for Graminaceae and Asteraceae. These data confirmed the roe deer's behaviour to select food with a better nutritive value. Despite the differences between the cattle and roe deer's diets, the trophical niche overlap was quite high. This can be explained by the homogeneity of the plants covering the whole area which probably limited food selection by the roe deer. 相似文献