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1.
黔油12号系用甘蓝型油菜细胞核隐性雄性不育系SAB-3与双低恢复系双168组配的杂交组合,于1999年通过贵州省农作物品种审定委员会审定命名。该品种具有适应性强、高产稳产、优质多抗等优点。其商品菜籽芥酸含量0.5%,硫苷含量25.2μmol/g,含油量39.2%。对杂交种及亲本进行产量和经济性状考察,结合RAPD标记DNA多态性分析,进行杂种优势比较,其产量、经济性状的中亲优势、超亲优势、杂种优势指数与DNA多态性预测的结果趋势基本一致,筛选出9条引物用于分子鉴定,对品种纯度鉴定和知识产权保护提供分子水平的理论依据。 相似文献
2.
以102份光子陆地棉材料为母本,分别与遗传标准系TM-1杂交,获得102个F1群体。采用随机区组设计,设置3个重复,对光子陆地棉材料主要性状进行遗传评价。结果表明,调查的11个性状表型差异均较大,材料间产量性状(株高、果枝数、铃数、铃重、衣分和子指)差异大于纤维品质性状(纤维长度、纤维强度、马克隆值、整齐度和伸长率),特别是衣分、铃数等性状差异更明显; 除果枝数、马克隆值、伸长率以外,光子亲本群体其他性状的平均值都小于F1群体。而亲本群体所有性状的变异系数均大于F1,不同光子材料的杂种优势有很大差别,中亲优势和超亲优势也有很大的差别,有些种质某些性状的中亲、超亲优势为负值,其后代性状表现劣势; 纤维品质性状的中亲、超亲优势与毛子程度均呈负相关,而产量性状的中亲、超亲优势与毛子程度均呈正相关,说明可利用光子材料杂种优势改良纤维品质,而其后代产量性状的杂种优势利用受到限制; SSR分子标记遗传相似系数与各个性状的中亲、超亲优势的相关都不显著,说明在光子材料的育种中,杂种优势是不能通过亲本之间的遗传背景相似程度来预测的。 相似文献
3.
【目的】深入研究棉花陆海杂交种纤维品质和产量相关性状杂种优势遗传规律,为培育高产优质陆海杂交种奠定理论基础。【方法】使用12份陆地棉材料和5份海岛棉材料配制陆海杂交种,对海南三亚和浙江临安种植的亲本及F_1进行纤维品质和产量性状测定。【结果】陆海杂交种纤维长度、纤维强度普遍具有显著的中亲优势,部分杂交组合具有较强的超亲优势,纤维长度性状在两地间变异系数较小,可以稳定遗传;在产量方面,部分陆海杂交种籽棉产量、皮棉产量和衣分等性状具有中亲优势,但仍显著低于陆地棉亲本。【结论】获得2个5A级优质长绒棉杂交组合T035和T044,筛选到1个海岛棉骨干亲本塔10-280,可为探讨陆海杂交种棉纤维品质杂种优势遗传规律提供有价值数据。 相似文献
4.
为了解析玉米粒重性状杂种优势的产生原因,对籽粒胚乳细胞数目、细胞大小开展了研究。以玉米品种‘郑单958’‘、先玉335’及其亲本为试验材料,分析了杂交种与亲本在单籽粒重量、单籽粒胚乳细胞数目及胚乳细胞面积的杂种优势关系。结果表明,‘先玉335’和‘郑单958’胚乳细胞数目的中亲优势分别为40.81%和36.03%,超亲优势分别为33.09%和23.82%;百粒重的中亲优势分别为27.22%和28.89%,超亲优势分别为19.72%和18.34%;而胚乳细胞面积的中亲优势分别为-44.42%和-24.79%,超亲优势分别为-45.75%和-37.30%。单籽粒胚乳细胞数目与粒重呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.796。综上所述,玉米杂交种籽粒的胚乳细胞数目多于亲本是粒重杂种优势产生的重要原因,选育籽粒胚乳细胞数目多的自交系进行杂交组配利于提高杂交种的粒重。 相似文献
5.
光子棉花的产量杂种优势研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用综合性状较好的5个光子材料作亲本,与17个优良毛子棉花新品种(系)组配19个光子杂交组合,研究具有光子标记性状杂交组合的产量杂种优势表现.结果表明:光子杂交组合皮棉产量表现正向中亲优势和正向超亲优势,籽棉产量光子作母本的杂交组合杂种优势高于光子作父本的杂交组合;衣分和单铃重表现正向中亲优势,单株铃数光子作母本的杂交组合优势率高于作光子父本的杂交组合;籽指表现负向中亲优势、负向超亲优势和负向竞争优势,筛选出产量竞争优势5%以上、综合性状突出的优势组合8个. 相似文献
6.
探讨数量性状遗传距离与杂种优势的关系,为黄瓜新品种的选育提供理论依据。选择5份黄瓜自交系材料作为母本,6份黄瓜自交系材料作为父本,按半双列杂交法配制出29个杂交组合,对11份黄瓜自交系材料的7个数量性状进行杂种优势分析和聚类分析,并研究数量性状遗传距离与杂种优势的关系。研究结果表明,各数量性状均有不同程度的正向杂种优势,其中株高、结瓜数和单株产量的杂种优势最为明显,而单果重、主蔓20节内雌花数、果实长和果实粗的杂种优势比较微弱。11份黄瓜自交系被分为3大类群,地理远近与遗传距离之间并不存在必然的联系。结瓜数的中亲优势指数和杂种优势指数、果实长和果实粗的中亲优势指数及单株产量的超亲优势指数与亲本遗传距离之间存在显著的相关关系,而株高、单株产量的中亲优势指数和杂种优势指数与亲本遗传距离之间存在极显著的相关关系,大部分数量性状的杂种优势都随着遗传距离的增大而增大。在进行黄瓜种质资源评价时,不能以地理关系作为唯一标准;在进行黄瓜杂交育种时,可根据育种目标,适当选择较大的遗传距离来获得杂种优势。 相似文献
7.
基于产量相关性状SSR分子标记的大豆杂种优势群划分 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用杂种优势可显著提高大豆单产,但亲本的创制及杂交组合的配制缺乏有效的理论指导,导致杂交种组配工作存在盲目性,强优势大豆杂交种的产出周期较长。针对上述问题,以中国东北部和国外的43份亲本为材料,利用经过筛选的14个大豆产量性状相关SSR分子标记进行遗传多样性分析和杂种优势类群划分。结果发现,所用SSR标记共扩增出31个等位变异位点,平均每个标记检测到2.2143个等位变异位点,变幅为2.0000~4.0000;主效基因频率为0.4419~0.9302,平均为0.6817;基因遗传多样性指数为0.1298~0.6101,平均为0.4043;多态性信息含量为0.1214~0.5272,平均为0.3280。根据遗传距离将43份亲本材料划分为2个类群;25个杂交种的35份亲本材料分属于2个类群;且27个杂交种的39份亲本材料为国内和国外材料之间配制的杂交组合,反映出中国东北与国外材料之间存在较强的杂种优势。对本研究所用的杂交种亲本间遗传距离分析发现,遗传距离在0.4~0.6时杂种优势利用效率较高。上述结果为优异亲本的选育方向和强优势杂交种亲本的合理组配提供参考。 相似文献
8.
《种子》2021,(7)
杂种优势利用是提高作物产量和品质的一种重要育种方法,明确生态条件和打顶措施对杂种优势的影响,对提高烟草杂种优势研究利用效率有重要意义。本试验以烟叶烟碱含量杂种优势相差较大的3个杂交组合及其亲本为材料,选择生态条件差异较大的3个生态试验点,研究了不同生态环境和打顶措施对烟叶烟碱含量、烟叶烟碱含量杂种优势及其相关基因相对表达量的影响。结果表明,不同生态环境间的烟叶烟碱含量差异显著,烟株打顶前后烟叶烟碱含量发生了显著的变化,打顶处理的烟叶烟碱含量显著高于不打顶处理;不同生态环境、打顶和不打顶处理间的烟叶烟碱含量的中亲优势值差异不显著,而超亲优势值、超标优势值差异显著;不同生态环境、打顶和不打顶处理间,烟叶烟碱含量杂种优势相关的PMT、AO、QS基因的中亲优势表达量相差也不显著,与处理间中亲优势值的表现差异一致。结果表明,在选用中亲优势作为度量指标进行杂种优势的遗传研究中,可不考虑生态环境和打顶的影响,在一个试验点对双亲及F_1采用相同的农艺措施就能获得较为准确的鉴定结果;而在选用超亲优势、超标优势作为度量指标进行杂交种应用潜力评价中,需在不同生态环境、不同农艺措施下进行鉴定。 相似文献
9.
利用“两系”进行谷子杂种优势制杂交种时,不育系抽穗期和开花期常较恢复系早,二者只有错期播种才可在花期相遇并杂交结实。通过改良现有不育系与抗除草剂恢复系抽穗期和开花期,选育出符合谷子“两系”改良育种目标的优良高度雄性不育系3个（Y1A、Y2A和Y3A）及抗除草剂拿捕净恢复系5个（K17-1、K18-49、K18-54、K18-62和K18-70）,按NCII不完全双列杂交组配15个组合,分析亲本和杂交组合配合力、超亲优势及超标优势,预测其杂种优势。结果显示,亲本的配合力各不相同,有不同优良农艺性状选择方面利用价值;杂交组合间各性状超亲优势和超标优势表现存在差异,但杂种优势无关联、无规律性,分析预测亲本存在杂种优势。同时,“两系”亲本各自性状表现优良,选出的杂交组合Y3A×K18-49具有强杂种优势,可作为苗头杂交种继续进行杂种优势育种。本研究结果为谷子杂交种制种提供了可同期播种的“两系”亲本及苗头优良杂交种,简化了谷子杂交制种环节。 相似文献
10.
苗期水分胁迫对玉米根系生长杂种优势的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以玉米杂交种高油115及其亲本(母本220、父本1145) 为材料, 研究了玉米苗期根系生长的杂种优势及水分胁迫的影响。试验设水分充足、轻度干旱和严重干旱3个处理, 田间持水量分别为75%、55%和35%。结果表明, 在水分充足条件下, 根长(RL)、根表面积(SA)和根干重(RDW)均表现出不同程度的中亲优势和超亲优势, 轻度干旱显著降低了各指标的杂种优势, 而严重干旱则完全抑制了根系生长的杂种优势。根系各性状中, RL的杂种优势最强。在水分充足条件下, 与中等根(根直径0.25~0.45 mm)和粗根(根直径>0.45 mm)相比, 细根(根直径0.05~0.20 mm)的RL、SA及其占总根系比例的杂种优势最高。轻度干旱胁迫虽然降低了根系的杂种优势, 但RL、SA仍表现出显著的超亲优势和中亲优势(粗根的超亲优势除外)。此外, 只有细根RL和SA占总根系的比例在轻度干旱胁迫下具有显著的中亲优势, 说明杂交种可以通过生成较亲本更高比例的细根来抵抗轻度干旱胁迫。 相似文献
11.
玉米DNA分子标记及其研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
玉米是主要的粮食、饲料及工业加工作物,中国是玉米第二大生产国,提高玉米产量、改善玉米品质和增强玉米抗性,实现玉米生产的高产、优质、广适、多抗不仅是常规育种的主要目标,也是生物技术研究的重要内容之一。玉米DNA分子标记研究始于1975年,就玉米DNA分子标记的种类和特点及在构建分子标记图谱、比较基因组、主效基因定位和全基因组QTL分析、图位克隆、分子标记辅助选择、DNA指纹分析、杂种优势遗传成因分析、资源评估和物种进化等领域的研究进展进行综述。 相似文献
12.
Genetic diversity of oilseed Brassica napus inbred lines based on sequence-related amplified polymorphism and its relation to hybrid performance 总被引：38，自引：0，他引：38
Significant heterosis for seed yield in oilseed rape has created interest in the development of hybrid cultivars. The DNA‐based marker protocol, sequence‐related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) was used to determine genetic diversity among oilseed rape maintainer and restorer lines. This measure was used in an attempt to establish an association between genetic distance and heterosis in hybrids for various agronomic traits. A total of 118 polymorphic loci were generated by 18 SRAP primer combinations. Based on the polymorphism generated by the markers, calculated similarity index values ranged from 0.46 to 0.97. Cluster analysis grouped 10 maintainer and 12 restorer lines into three groups, with the exception of two maintainer lines, PM5 and PM9, which fell outside these groups. The grouping of the lines was largely in agreement with the available pedigree data on their origin and agronomic performance. Analysis of variance among inbred lines and their resulting F1 hybrids over two locations revealed significant differences for plant height, days to maturity and seed yield, but not for oil content. Substantial mid‐parent heterosis was observed only for seed yield, and ranged from 26% to 169%. All hybrids surpassed their respective inbred lines for this trait, except for a single cross combination of related lines. In general, crosses of lines located in different clusters yielded more than those from the same clusters. Regression analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between the genetic distance of the parents and seed yield in their hybrid, and their derived mid‐parent and high‐parent heterosis. The correlation coefficient between genetic distance and yield (0.64) indicated a moderately strong relationship, so it is possible that some of the SRAP markers might be linked to quantitative trait loci for seed yield. 相似文献
13.
A new DNA extraction method for high-throughput marker analysis in a large-genome species such as Triticum aestivum 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Gene mapping and marker‐assisted selection in complex, polyploid genomes still relies strongly on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, as conversion of RFLP to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) markers can be very difficult. DNA extraction in amounts suitable for RFLP analysis represents the most time‐consuming and labour‐intensive step in molecular marker analysis of plant populations. In this paper, a new flexible method for plant DNA extraction is presented. It allows a high‐throughput of samples in a short time without the need for freezing or lyophilizing the plant material. The method allows the isolation of genomic DNA with a yield of 100 μg for a minimal amount of 200 mg of leaf material. This is sufficient for work with large‐genome plant species such as hexaploid wheat, where 20 μg of genomic DNA are required for a single RFLP analysis. 相似文献
14.
Relationship between heterosis and genetic distance based on morphological traits and AFLP markers in pepper 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Genetic diversity is considered as one of the criteria for the selection of parents for hybrid breeding. The present study was undertaken to evaluate genetic divergence among seven pepper cultivars and to assess the relationship between heterosis and parental genetic distance. Twenty‐one F1 hybrids and seven parents were evaluated for 15 morphological characters in a greenhouse and in the field. The parents were examined for DNA polymorphisms using six amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primer combinations. Cluster analysis using two genetic distance measures grouped the seven parents differently. Mid‐parent and high‐parent heterosis was observed for most characters. Most hybrids outperformed the parental lines for fruit yield, earliness and plant height. Morphological and AFLP‐based distance measurements were efficient enough to allocate pepper genotypes into heterotic groups. The correlations of morphological distances with mid‐parent heterosis were significant for days to flowering and maturity, suggesting earliness can be predicted from morphological distances of parental lines. However, the correlations of AFLP‐measured genetic distances with mid‐ and high‐parent heterosis were non‐significant for all characters, except for fruit diameter, and proved to be of no predictive value. 相似文献
15.
Diallel crosses have been widely used for analysis of general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and heterosis. In the present research, 12 lines were selected from 60 inbred rice bred by International Rice Research Institute with extremely-high or -low yielding records according to the previous three consecutive seasons of yield trial experiments, to construct a half diallel cross. The genetic distances (GDs) revealed by molecular markers for the 12 lines ranged from 0.2288 to 0.7169, averaging at 0.5882; clustering analysis showed the 12 lines were divided into four groups maintaining the original cluster structure of the 60 lines. The positive loci (PLs) including effective-increasing loci (ILs) and effective-decreasing loci (DLs) were screened. The results showed that hybrids derived from those parents with higher GCA effects had better performance for traits of yield and yield components. The SCA effects were strongly correlated to F1 performance as well as heterosis; the GDs based on ILs were significantly positive correlated to SCA effects and heterosis for yield and yield components while the GDs based on DLs showed the significant negative correlations. Based on this research, a new conception, i.e. general sum of combining ability (GSCA) was conceived, which is defined as the sum of GCAs for two parents of a hybrid. The GSCA and SCA showed similar correlations with traits of yield and yield components. The results illustrated that ILs could be used for further study on prediction of heterosis for traits of yield and yield components; and GSCA may be another considerable parameter combined with ILs for breeders in selecting elite hybrid. 相似文献
16.
17.
不同油菜品种比较研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为筛选出适宜遵义市生产的优质高产油菜品种,进行了黔油30号、黔油29号、黔黄油21号、黔油28号4个品种同田大区对比试验。结果表明：黔黄油21号产量最高,生育期相对较短,适宜在生产上大面积推广。 相似文献
18.
Cardamom is an important high value spice crop. Hybrid breeding is discussed for some time, but there is no information for
cardamom. Eight genetically diverse cardamom lines were crossed in a diallel to evaluate the performance of hybrids and determine
heterosis over mid-parent, better-parent and standard control for yield and yield components. The study was undertaken for
a period of 3 years from 1988 to 2001 (Experiment I). Hybrids generally showed good overall performance for most of the characteristics
compared with parents. Ten of the 56 hybrids significantly out-yielded the standard control (RR 1). Substantial mid-parent
(MPH), better-parent (BPH) and standard (SH) heterosis were observed for the majority of the characteristics studied. Further
evaluation of selected hybrids for yield and disease resistance during 2002–2007 (Experiment II) led to the identification
of two cross combinations (CCS 1 × NKE 19 and RR 1 × NKE 12) with high yield and mosaic resistance. The study revealed that
cardamom hybrids with high yield potential, desirable quality characteristics and mosaic resistance can be developed from
appropriate parents through heterosis breeding. This is the first report of heterosis in cardamom for yield and yield contributing
characteristics. 相似文献
19.
本文采用NCⅡ交配设计方法,以9个陆地棉品种(系)配置16个杂交组合,利用加性—显性与环境互作的遗传模型(ADE模型),分析亲本和F1在2013年持续高温干旱条件下望江、九江2个环境下的农艺和产量性状,估算了各项遗传方差分量,分析了性状间各项遗传效应的相关性和各性状的杂种优势。结果表明,农艺和产量性状易受环境条件影响,子棉产量、皮棉产量、单株铃数和铃重的遗传主要受显性效应控制,衣分同时受加性和显性效应控制,子指主要受加性效应控制。遗传相关分析表明,子棉产量和皮棉产量与铃重和衣分呈显性正相关;铃重与衣分呈显性正相关,衣分与子指的加性和显性均为负相关。杂种优势分析表明,中棉所63的铃重、衣分、子指、子棉产量和皮棉产量的群体平均优势达极显著水平,其皮棉产量的杂种优势可以利用至F3。 相似文献
20.
S.-J. Kwon W.-G. Ha H.-G. Hwang S.-J. Yang H.-C. Choi H.-P. Moon S.-N. Ahn 《Plant Breeding》2002,121(6):487-492
Improving grain yield and quality of ‘Tongil’‐type rice (indica/japonica) continues to be a major breeding objective in Korea. In this study, genetic divergence among 13‘Tongil’‐type rice cultivars was evaluated and the relationship between genetic distance and hybrid performance in all possible nonreciprocal crosses between them assessed. The 78 F1 hybrids together with the 13 parents were evaluated for eight traits of agronomic importance, including yield, in a replicated field trial. The 13 parents were examined for DNA polymorphism using 71 micro‐satellite or simple sequence repeats and 46 random decamer oligonucleotide primers. A total of 319 polymorphic variants were generated and, based on the polymorphism data, genetic distances (GDs) ranged from 0.021 to 0.437. Cluster analysis based on GDs revealed associations among cultivars which was in agreement with the pedigree data. Heterosis was observed in hybrids for most of the traits, and yield exhibited the highest heterosis among the eight traits examined. The correlation values of GDs with F1 performance were mostly nonsignificant, except for yield, culm length and spikelets per panicle. The correlations of GDs with midparent and better‐parent heterosis were not significant enough to be of predictive value. These results indicate that GDs based on the microsatellite and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers may not be useful for predicting heterotic combinations in ‘Tongil’‐type rice and support the idea that the level of correlation between hybrid performance and genetic divergence is dependent on the germplasm used. 相似文献