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１９９３－１９９４年，自河北省收集了１５４个小麦白粉菌株，接种在１５个已知抗白粉病基因小麦品种及近等基因 。结果Ｖ，１，Ｖ３ａ，Ｖ３ｂ，Ｖ５，Ｖ６，Ｖ７，Ｖ８，Ｖ１＋２＋９毒性基因出现频率最高，均在９６５以上；Ｖ１７出现频率次之，为５１．９％，Ｖ２，Ｖ４ａ，Ｖ２＋６再次之，出现频率分别是２５．３％，２６．８％和９．１％；再现频率最低的Ｖ４ｂ，仅３．９％．在毒性基因组合中，出现频率最高的是Ｖ１＋Ｖ３ 相似文献
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河北省和北京地区小麦白粉病菌寄主范围研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
用小麦白粉病菌１１个生理小种的混合菌种，对采自河北省和北京地区１２个市、县的小麦近缘植物的４个属，１２个种的６２份材料进行接种，除８份免疫外，其余均接种成功。用其中４个属，１２个的４９份材料产生的白粉病菌对小麦进行回接，亦全部回接成功，小麦白粉病菌生理小种对小麦近缘植物的寄生，像在小麦上一样，有明显的寄生专化性。８２．２％的感病小麦近缘植物其感病性随生育期增长而急剧下降。文中还讨论了小麦近缘植物在 相似文献
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2013年从黑龙江省小麦生产区分离纯化57个单袍子堆小麦白粉菌菌株,用犯份小麦白粉病菌鉴别寄主进行毒力测定。结果表明,黑龙江省不同来源小麦白粉病菌群体具有相同的毒力结构,毒性基因V7,V8,V17,V19,VT a,V3c,V3f,V3e,VSa和VI+2+9的毒性频率均达80%以上,为黑龙江省小麦白粉菌的主要毒性基因;而Pm18(Ic),Pm21,Pm2+6,Pm5+6,Pm2+MLD5个抗性基因(或基因组合)抗90%以上的菌株,为黑龙江省有效杭白粉病基因(或基因组合)。研究结果可为小麦白粉病的抗病育种及杭病品种合理布局等方面提供参考。 相似文献
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东北地区玉米大斑病菌生理分化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确东北地区玉米大斑病菌的生理分化及小种动态情况,分析玉米大斑病加重的原因。采用常规Ht单基因(Ht1、Ht2、Ht3、HtN)鉴别寄主鉴定技术,对2010年采自辽宁、吉林、黑龙江省22个县(市)88份玉米大斑病菌的菌株进行了生理小种鉴定,共鉴定出0、1、2、N、12、1N、23、2N、3N、12N、123N、123、23N和12N号14个生理小种;东北地区大斑病菌生理分化明显,出现了能够克服多个抗性基因的小种,其中,0号和1号生理小种分别占供试菌株的37.5%和20.5%,为优势小种;所鉴定的88个菌株对Ht1、Ht2、Ht3和HtN抗性基因的毒性频率分别为45.5%,30.7%,15.9%,23.7%。研究结果表明,东北地区玉米大斑病菌生理小种组成及种间的变异频率开始趋于复杂化,不断有新小种出现。玉米大斑病菌新小种出现0号和1号以外其他小种,出现频率升高和品种抗性丧失是导致玉米大斑病发生的重要原因。 相似文献
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对采自我国和由美,加,日,捷,斯,阿（阿富汗）和前苏联引入了１８人种的披碱草,用我国小麦白粉病１１个生理小种的混合菌种进行接种,有１５个接种成功,用１４份发病披碱草上产生的白粉病菌分别回接小麦,也全部回拉成功,说明国外的披碱草和我国的一株具同源性,都属于我国小麦白粉病的寄主范围,具中间寄主传播病菌的潜力,对国外披碱草在疆域接壤的邻国间传播新小种等问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
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小麦新抗源——贵农21抗白粉病基因分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用4个具有不同毒力的小麦白粉菌生理小种,分别接种贵农21与5个抗感不同白粉菌小种的品种杂交的F1、F2和部分组合的BC1F1,群体的幼苗离体叶段,定单株编号和统计,初步鉴定出贵农21具有2对独立的显性抗病基因,其中1对只抗1和11号小种,与P38携带的抗1和11小种的基因相同;另1还对抗311和313号小种,与P38携带的另1对基因不同。 相似文献
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河北省玉米小斑病菌生理小种鉴定及群体动态变化 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
1987-2003年从河北省10个地区采集玉米小斑病标样,对分离出的288个玉米小斑病菌菌株进行了生理小种鉴定。在鉴定的年度范围内,玉米小斑病菌T小种、C小种、S生理型与O小种的分离频率在地区间和年度间存在显著差异,O小种的平均分离频率明显高于其他小种,是河北省玉米小斑病菌的优势小种。在年度间,C小种的分离频率也存在显著差异,T小种、S生理型、O小种的分离频率无显著差异。O小种具有不同致病力,强致病力菌株和中等致病力菌株的出现频率较弱致病力菌株高,强致病力菌株主要分布在河北省的东部和南部,弱致病力菌株主要分布在河北省北部。 相似文献
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河南两地市小麦白粉病菌的分子鉴定和进化分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对河南省周口市和商丘市小麦白粉病菌进行分子鉴定及分析,以期为小麦白粉病菌的防治和系统进化奠定基础。对小麦白粉病菌进行了扫描电镜的显微形态观察、核糖体DNA转录间隔区(ITS)序列测定及进化树分析。结果显示:周口和商丘的小麦白粉病菌均属于禾本科布氏白粉菌;系统进化发现,商丘的小麦白粉病菌与地域相距较远的英国、法国、美国的小麦白粉病菌的同源性极高,而与地域很近的周口小麦白粉病菌同源性却不高,推测小麦白粉病菌的进化可能与其自身的小种进化有关。 相似文献
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Important microevolutional processes have taken place in the wheatpowdery mildew population over the last thirty years. There has been aconsiderable change in the race composition of the pathogen populationand in the prevalent races. Of the 78 races identified, only eleven have`lived' for more than 15 years. Many races were only isolated in one ortwo years. The number of virulence genes rose from 2.03 in 1973 to 5.63in 1993. On the basis of race composition and virulence the wheatpowdery mildew population between 1971 and 1999 can be divided intofour distinct groups. A large proportion of the powdery mildew isolates arevirulent to most resistance genes. Complete resistance is provided byresistance genes Pm4a (Khapli) and partial resistance by Pm2 + Mld (Halle st. 13471), Pm4b+ (TP 315/2) and Pm1 + 2 + 9 (Normandie). The majority of cultivated varieties carry theresistance gene Pm8 due to the presence of the 1B/1R translocation. 相似文献
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1985—1987年在温室条件下,采自河南省不同地区的小麦白粉菌群体,对本省当前推广的小麦品种的毒为频率均大于76.55%;区试品种(系)中的花培28和周80—48的毒力频率分别为6.25%和8.75%,抗性较好.利用联合致病性分析,确定了花培28与百泉792、郑州7920和周80—48是今后适于推广的品种组合.研究初步证明豫东、西、南部的小麦白粉菌群体结构基本相似.毒性基因V_1、V_(3b)、V_(3c)、V_5和V_9的平均频率较高(66.67—82.76%),V_2、V_(2x)、V_4、V_(4(+))和V_8的平均频率低(7.06—13.38%).并讨论了小麦品种的合理布局和抗源利用等问题. 相似文献
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1981～1990连续10年进行稻瘟病菌生理小种类群及分布的研究,先后对总计435个菌株鉴定为7群12～18个小种。在明确各地区小种分布的同时,确定各地优势小种一直为ZG群,与生产上栽培品种抗性保持相对稳定的情况相一致。用日本单基因品种对多数菌株进行致病力测定,具有Pi—Z~t,Pi—b,Pi—ta,Pi—ta~2,Pi—K~m基因型的品种致病率较低,对其它基因型品种致病率较高。稻瘟病菌变异的研究表明,从不同地区,不同品种的穗颈稻瘟病斑上分离的单孢,接种鉴定所属小种有差异;同一病斑上多次继代分离的单孢,其生理小种差异也很大。由此证明稻瘟病菌生理小种有很大变异性。 相似文献
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Summary Virulence patterns of yellow rust isolates collected in Kenya between 1986–1989 were compared with earlier results. The number of virulence factors per race and the range in virulence factors both increased considerably. Before 1976 races carried on average 4.5 to 5.0 virulence factors, whereas the races after 1986 had a mean of 6.5 virulence factors. The range in the number of virulence factors increased from some seven to eight in the first period to 12 in the second out of the 17 evaluated. In the period 1986–1989 another three virulence factors (2, 9 and A) were assessed. All three occurred at a high frequency.Virulence neutralizing the resistance genes Yr2, Yr2+, Yr6, Yr6+, Yr7, Yr7+, Yr8, Yr9, Yr9+ and those in the cultivars Anza (A), Strubes Dickkopf (SD) and Suwon92/Omar (SU) occurred at a high frequency, while virulence for Yr3V, Yr4+, Yr5, CV and SP (resistance in Carstens V and Spaldings Prolific resp.) were not found. The remaining three virulence factors for Yr1, 10 and 3N were rare.In the past ten years the resistance of most released cultivars became ineffective in less than six years. They were shown to carry race-specific major resistance genes such as Yr7+, Yr9+, SD and A. However, in the field, the resistance of the cultivars was not completely neutralized. A residual resistance, ranging from moderate to fairly high, was observed in all cultivars in which the major gene resistances were neutralized by corresponding virulence genes.Other wheat cultivars such as Africa Mayo, Kenya Kudu, Enkoy, Kenya Leopard, Bounty, Frontatch, Bonny and Kenya Plume appeared to keep their resistance over a condiserable period of time. They are considered to be durably resistant to the Kenyan yellow rust populations. This form of resistance, together with the residual resistance, can be recommended for use in breeding programmes. 相似文献
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Summary A simultaneous analysis of the virulence of races 1, 2 and 4 of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi to a series of nine carnation cultivars revealed the presence of different interactions between races and cultivars, as well as differences in pathogenesis between race 1 on the one hand and race 2 and 4 on the other.The most common race 2 induced typical symptoms of Fusarium wilt in all susceptible cultivars. The cultivars showed considerable variation in resistance to race 2. Only Novada remained free of external symptoms throughout the experiment. In diseased plants of all cultivars studied, infected vascular tissue was white with dark brown margins, and heavy degradation of the cell walls and xylem parenchyma cells had occurred. All Dutch isolates corresponded with race 2.Race 4 induced wilt symptoms similar to those induced by race 2, and there was a similar variation in resistance to race 2 and 4 in the cultivars. On average, the race 4 isolates were less aggressive than those of race 2. Compared with race 2, there was evidence of some genotype × race interactions: Pallas proved to be considerably more susceptible, and Lena more resistant to race 4 than to race 2. The isolates of race 4 induced a nistopathology similar to that induced by race 2, but with less vascular browning.Race 1 induced atypical but severe wilt symptoms and unusual vascular discoloration in Elsy, Niky and Sam's Pride only. The vascular tissue in these cultivars turned pale brown; in spite of heavy colonization of these tissues virtually no degradation of cell walls was observed. All other cultivars tested proved virtually resistant to race 1, providing further evidence for genotype × race interactions.Within races, limited but statistically significant genotype × isolate interactions were found as well, in particular within race 4. These are tentatively attributed to independent variation of two (or more) resistance components. 相似文献
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B. Robbertse C.L. Lennox A.B. van Jaarsveld P.W. Crous M. van der Rijst 《Euphytica》2000,115(1):75-82
The virulence spectra of 50 Rhynchosporium secalis isolates from a population in the Western Cape province of South Africa were determined, and 21 races were detected when
evaluated against 17 differential cultivars. The virulence spectrum of the R. secalis population shows considerable variation, and carries unnecessary virulence genes which is quite unexpected, since chiefly
susceptible barley cultivars are grown in the south Western Cape. The two most prevalent races, namely races 4 and 7 had three
and four virulence genes respectively. Both race 4 and 7 were virulent on the most susceptible cultivars, West China, Steudelli,
C.I.8618 and C.I.2226. Considering the resistance genes reported for the cultivars Atlas 46, Turk, and C.I.3515 which showed
no susceptible cultivar-pathogen interaction, it would appear that the Rh-Rh3-Rh4 complex is primarily involved in conferring resistance to the local R. secalis isolates
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Summary The resistance of 19 cultivars of subterranean clover was screened against 4 races of P. clandestina by mycelial inoculation of roots of 10-day-old seedlings growing in water agar and by growing seedlings in pasteurised potting mix containing infested vermiculite in controlled conditions. The cultivars showed differential resistance (vertical resistance) to races of the pathogen and can be divided into 4 resistance groups. Cultivars Clare, Esperance, Green Range, Junee, Mount Barker, Rosedale, Woogenellup and Yarloop were susceptible to all races. Cultivars Bacchus Marsh, Denmark, Enfield, Gosse, Goulburn, Karridale, Larisa, Leura and Trikkala were susceptible to races 1 and 3, but resistant to races 0 and 2. Cultivar Meteora was susceptible to races 2 and 3, but resistant to races 0 and 1. Cultivar Seaton Park (LF) was resistant to all races. Cultivars also varied in their race-non-specific (horizontal) resistance: cultivars that were susceptible to particular races usually varied in their degree of susceptibility to those races. In particular, Junee was more resistant to all four races than the other cultivars within its group. Similarly, cultivars Gosse, Larisa, Denmark and Trikkala were more resistant to races 1 and 3 than the other cultivars in their group. Races of the pathogen varied in their aggressiveness as well as in their virulence, as shown by the variation in aggressiveness of different isolates of race 0. 相似文献
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对8个陆地棉野生种系的种子形态,油分含量和粗蛋白含量、及水速率和耐盐性等性状与3个栽培品种进行了比较分析。结果表明,野生种系的种子普遍较小,并且变异大。种子油分和粗蛋白含量变幅大,分别为23.15～39.80%和28.83～39.31%。野生种系间种子的吸水速率和到达吸水高峰的时间存在着显著的差异,这与野生种系存在着一定程度的硬实种子有关。palmeri全是硬实种子,mexicanum,richmondi和yucatanense的硬实率分别为30.0%、26、6%和23.3%。野生种系的耐盐性在12%Nacl浓度时差异较为明显,其中punctatum,morrilli和marie—galante的耐盐性较强;mexicanum,latifolium和yucatanense的耐盐性与3个栽培品种相近。这说明在野生种系中筛选耐盐性强的材料是完全可能的。陆地棉野生种系(Gossypium hirsutum L.race)是棉花育种工作中重要的种质资源。自80年代初从陆地棉原产地墨西哥引入这些野生种系以后,关于它们的生物学特性和抗病性等性状,国内已作了一些研究分析。资料表明它们的变异类型丰富,分别具有抗病、抗虫和优质纤维等可供利用的性状和特性。本试验以8个野生种系的种子为材料,研究种子的形态特征和吸水发芽的能力,并以3个栽培品种的种子为对照进行比较,借以了解陆地棉野生种系的种子生物学特性,为育种提供依据。 相似文献