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西北太平洋秋刀鱼渔业探析 总被引：22，自引：2，他引：22
由于近海渔业资源的衰退和恶化,我国海洋渔业面临严峻的挑战。1985年我国远洋渔业开始起步,1989年发展了远洋鱿钓渔业,1993年首次进入西北太平洋从事柔鱼钓生产,经过艰难的创业和发展,到2002年我国远洋鱿钓船已发展到480多艘,成为我国渔业生产的支柱产业之一。但是,近几年来北太平洋总产量徘徊在9万t左右,另外,我国有80多条专业鱿钓船在西南大西洋作业,7～10月无生产。因此,尽快找到新的捕捞对象,提高经济效益,是当前发展远洋渔业的迫切任务。而栖息在亚洲和美洲沿岸太平洋热带和温带水域中的秋刀鱼,则以其具有一定的资源量、简单易行的捕捞方式以及广阔的销售前景,成为远洋鱿钓船队今后可供选择的捕捞对象之一。 相似文献
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P K Hershberger J L Gregg L M Hart S Moffitt R Brenner K Stick E Coonradt E O Otis J J Vollenweider K A Garver J Lovy T R Meyers 《Journal of fish diseases》2016,39(4):395-410
The protistan parasite Ichthyophonus occurred in populations of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii Valenciennes throughout coastal areas of the NE Pacific, ranging from Puget Sound, WA north to the Gulf of Alaska, AK. Infection prevalence in local Pacific herring stocks varied seasonally and annually, and a general pattern of increasing prevalence with host size and/or age persisted throughout the NE Pacific. An exception to this zoographic pattern occurred among a group of juvenile, age 1+ year Pacific herring from Cordova Harbor, AK in June 2010, which demonstrated an unusually high infection prevalence of 35%. Reasons for this anomaly were hypothesized to involve anthropogenic influences that resulted in locally elevated infection pressures. Interannual declines in infection prevalence from some populations (e.g. Lower Cook Inlet, AK; from 20–32% in 2007 to 0–3% during 2009–13) or from the largest size cohorts of other populations (e.g. Sitka Sound, AK; from 62.5% in 2007 to 19.6% in 2013) were likely a reflection of selective mortality among the infected cohorts. All available information for Ichthyophonus in the NE Pacific, including broad geographic range, low host specificity and presence in archived Pacific herring tissue samples dating to the 1980s, indicate a long‐standing host–pathogen relationship. 相似文献
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西北太平洋秋刀鱼耳石透明带的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2014年我国秋刀鱼捕捞船在西北太平洋采集的秋刀鱼(Cololabis saira)样本,提取1 062个耳石进行拍照处理,并根据耳石透明带特征对其进行划分,运用统计学方法研究耳石类型及与肉体长组的关系,分析各月份耳石类型变化。研究发现,83%小型鱼(Kn L≤240 mm)和71%中型鱼(240 mmKn L≤280 mm)耳石属于类型Ⅰ,大型鱼(280 mmKn L≤314 mm)和特大型鱼(Kn L314 mm)耳石类型Ⅱ、类型Ⅲ占优。肉体长在280 mm以下的类型Ⅰ耳石比例较大,耳石没有形成透明带,随着Kn L的增加,类型Ⅱ和类型Ⅲ在肉体长组的比例增加。耳石透明带最早在202 mm时开始形成,秋刀鱼耳石第1条透明带主要在260~280 mm之间形成,以中型鱼为主;秋刀鱼耳石第2条透明带主要在290~310 mm之间形成,以大型鱼为主。雌性和雄性秋刀鱼耳石在各耳石类型下无显著差别(P=0.0640.05)。耳石类型Ⅰ比例在月份间变化大,在10月和11月份耳石类型Ⅰ比例占优,分别为44.1%和36.4%,多为小型和中型鱼,6月和7月份耳石类型Ⅱ和类型Ⅲ比例大约为40%,多数为大型和特大型鱼,表明大型鱼比小型和中型鱼早到达索饵场进行索饵。 相似文献
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Michael J. Malick Sean P. Cox Franz J. Mueter Brigitte Dorner Randall M. Peterman 《Fisheries Oceanography》2017,26(3):268-281
Horizontal ocean transport can influence the dynamics of higher‐trophic‐level species in coastal ecosystems by altering either physical oceanographic conditions or the advection of food resources into coastal areas. In this study, we investigated whether variability in two North Pacific Current (NPC) indices was associated with changes in productivity of North American Pacific salmon stocks. Specifically, we used Bayesian hierarchical models to estimate the effects of the north‐south location of the NPC bifurcation (BI) and the NPC strength, indexed by the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), on the productivity of 163 pink, chum, and sockeye salmon stocks. We found that for salmon stocks located in Washington (WA) and British Columbia (BC), both the BI and NPGO had significant positive effects on productivity, indicating that a northward‐shifted bifurcation and a stronger NPC are associated with increased salmon productivity. For the WA and BC regions, the estimated NPGO effect was over two times larger than the BI effect for pink and chum salmon, whereas for sockeye salmon the BI effect was 2.4 times higher than the NPGO. In contrast to WA and BC stocks, we found weak effects of both horizontal ocean transport processes on the productivity of salmon stocks in Alaska. Our results indicated that horizontal transport pathways might strongly influence population dynamics of Pacific salmon in the southern part of their North American ranges, but not the northern part, suggesting that different environmental pathways may underlie changes in salmon productivity in northern and southern areas for the species under consideration. 相似文献
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YOSHIOKI OOZEKI AKINORI TAKASUKA HIROSHI OKAMURA HIROSHI KUBOTA RYO KIMURA 《Fisheries Oceanography》2009,18(5):328-345
Patchiness structure and mortality rates of Pacific saury Cololabis saira larvae were estimated in the frontal area of the Kuroshio Extension in spring 2000 and 2001. Drogued GPS buoys, which were used as Lagrangian reference points, were deployed to mark dense patches of saury larvae and a series of samplings was conducted using a neuston net around the buoys during the night over a period of several days. A total of 225 tows were conducted and 11 690 specimens were sampled during four buoy tracking. Despite the occurrence of water diffusion, patchiness density, distance between adjacent patches and patch size estimated by geostatistical analysis did not drastically change during the buoy tracking and these parameters were robust for the difference of variogram models and the threshold larval density defining patchiness. Such a stability of the patchiness allowed the estimation of larval mortality from the decrease of larval density for different size classes with respect to individual growth based on the samples taken repeatedly during the buoy tracking. Although low or negative values were obtained for the larvae right after hatching, probably due to continuous hatching, the estimates of mortality then increased and became stable in the range of 23–37% day−1 with a small standard deviation until their knob length reached to 36 mm. In situ information on the patchiness structure and larval mortality provides crucial parameters for simulating the recruitment process of small pelagic fishes in high-resolution hydrodynamic models. 相似文献
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Reproductive biology of female Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis from south-western North Pacific Ocean 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Pacific bluefin is a highly valuable pelagic species that inhabits a broad range in the North Pacific Ocean. The reproductive
biology, especially for the spawning aggregation in the south-western North Pacific Ocean, is not well understood. Thus, a
total of 119 paired ovary specimens were collected from the Taiwanese longline fleet during the 1999 fishing season (late
April through June) to gain a better understanding of important reproductivity-related stock parameters associated with this
species. The following conclusions were made: (i) condition factor decreased from late May to early June; (ii) the sex ratio
might be 1∶1 for spawners; (iii) the gonadosomatic index stayed at a relatively high level and markedly increased from late
May to early June; (iv) histological examination of oocytes indicated that all specimens were sexually mature; (v) spawning
activity appeared to start in May and peak in late May to early June; (vi) batch fecundity incre ased with fork length; and
(vii) preliminary estimates of spawning frequency between batches ranged 2–4.5 days based on analysis of postovulatory follicles. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: We examined the diets of three size groups of the Pacific pomfret Bramajaponica collected in April and May 2000 in the transition zoneof the central North Pacific. Amphipods, cephalopods and fish werethree of the most common prey groups of pomfret. Of the three size groups,small pomfret (11.0–19.9 cm standard length (SL))preyed mainly on amphipods and occasionally on cephalopods (mainlytransitional species Onychoteuthis borealijaponica ) and fish.(These prey amphipods and fish could not be identified to lowertaxonomic levels because they were too digested.) Medium and largepomfret (20.0–30.9 and 31.0–40.9 cm SL,respectively) preyed mainly on cephalopods (mainly O. borealijaponica ,but also on two subarctic species, namely Berryteuthis anonychus and Gonatopsisborealis ), suggesting that these cephalopod species ensure energyfor the northward migration of these two size groups in the transitionzone in the spring. The next most common prey for medium pomfretwas amphipods (mainly subtropical species Phronima sedentaria and Platyscelusovoides ), followed by fish (mainly Bathylagus sp.). However,in the case of large pomfret, fish (mainly Paralepididae sp. 'A')were the next most common prey, followed by amphipods (mainly P.sedentaria and P. ovoides ), indicating that the importanceof fish as prey increases with growth for medium and large pomfret. 相似文献
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根据2014年6—7月和10—11月于西北太平洋公海两航次采集的秋刀鱼样本,分析其性别比例、体长和体质量组成、摄食等级,以探究其生长、性腺及繁殖特性。研究结果表明,随着月份的增大,秋刀鱼雌性比例逐渐降低,雄性占比升高;6、7月雌、雄样本优势体长组与体质量组范围均较10、11月小;体长和体质量关系中,秋刀鱼雌性生长系数为3.24,雄性为2.82;各月样本胃饱满度以1级为主,F检验表明,除0级外,4个月内各摄食等级间呈显著差异(P<0.01);秋刀鱼雌、雄样本性腺发育以Ⅱ期为主,各性腺等级间差异不显著(P>0.05),雌性性腺指数在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期内大于雄性,Ⅴ、Ⅵ期内相反,逻辑斯蒂方程表明,秋刀鱼50%性成熟体长雌性为284.7 mm,雄性为267.4 mm;雌性秋刀鱼绝对繁殖力为1032～17 708粒/尾,平均值为(5522±3196)粒/尾,绝对繁殖力高的个体体长和体质量分别为280～320 mm、110～150 g。 相似文献
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Atlantic salmon in the North Pacific 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
S McKinnell A J Thomson E A Black B L Wing C M Guthrie III J F Koerner J H Helle 《Aquaculture Research》1997,28(2):145-157
The first catches of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in British Columbia (BC) waters occurred in 1987. The first reported escape of Atlantic salmon (2000 individuals) occurred in 1988. From 1988 to 1995, 97 799 Atlantic salmon were reported escaped from net pens in BC but the true number was higher as not all escapes are reported. Since 1987 a total of 9096 Atlantic salmon was caught in the coastal marine waters of BC, Washington and Alaska, and 188 were caught in fresh water. Most catches occurred in the Johnstone Strait area, where the abundance of salmon farms is highest. The most distant recovery occurred in 1994 when an Atlantic salmon was caught near the western end of the Alaska Peninsula. There have been no reports of successful reproduction of Atlantic salmon in the wild and no feral juveniles have been found. Atlantic salmon caught in the ocean in BC have substantial amounts of adipose tissue and they are heavier at length than fish caught in Alaska. The proportion of fish with prey items in their stomachs is generally low but higher in Alaska (13.1%) than in BC (5.8%). Most fish caught in fresh water are either maturing or mature. 相似文献
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Yi‐Jay Chang Kuo‐Wei Lan William A. Walsh Jhen Hsu Chih‐hao Hsieh 《Fisheries Oceanography》2019,28(3):291-304
We developed habitat suitability index (HSI) models for two size classes of Pacific saury Cololabis saira in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. Environmental data, including sea surface temperature, sea surface height, salinity, and net primary production, and catch and effort data from Taiwanese distant‐water stick‐held dip net fisheries during the main fishing season (August–October) during 2002–2015 were used. Habitat preferences and suitable habitat area differed between size classes. The suitable habitat was located between 40–47.5°N and 145–165°E for large‐sized Pacific saury but encompassed a greater area (35–47°N and 140–165°E) for medium‐sized Pacific saury. Both size classes were affected by substantial interannual variation in the environmental variables, which in turn can be important in determining the potential fishing grounds. We found a significant negative relationship between the suitable habitat area and the Niño3.4 indices with a time‐lag of 6 months for the large‐sized (r = ?0.68) and medium‐sized (r = ?0.42) Pacific saury, respectively, as well as the total landings of Pacific saury by all fishing fleets (r = ?0.46). As remotely‐sensed environmental data become increasingly available, HSI models may prove useful for evaluation of possible changes in habitat suitability resulting from climate change or other environmental phenomena and in formulating scientific advice for management. 相似文献
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太平洋金枪鱼延绳钓渔业 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
本文主要介绍了最近几年太平洋金枪鱼延绳钓渔业的发展情况和太平洋沿岸国家金枪鱼延绳钓生产现状,重点叙说了太平洋金枪鱼延绳钓捕捞的几个主要种类的渔场分布、产量变化动态和发展趋势,为我国远洋渔业单位进行金枪鱼延绳钓开发提供参考。 相似文献
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YASUO MATSUKAWA 《Fisheries Oceanography》2006,15(2):104-112
The carrying capacity for the Pacific bluefin tuna at each life stage is estimated and its survival strategy is examined numerically, using a new method to define the hypothetical capacity, the standard population, and the search volumes that are necessary and are feasible for the tuna. The carrying capacity for the adult is estimated at 1–2 × 106 individuals, which corresponds with 5–10% of the hypothetical capacity and is comparable with the maximum levels of the southern and the Atlantic bluefin tuna populations. It is hypothesized semiquantitatively that the migration at each life stage and the remarkable decrement of growth at 120 days and about 40 cm occur as an evolutionary response to population excess over the carrying capacity. It is also hypothesized semiquantitatively that the early larvae have minimal food available in the Subtropical Water and develop the predatory morphology, high growth rate, and high mobility, however, at the expense of a high mortality as an evolutionary response to the tuna spawning in the Subtropical Water. This method may be an available tool to not only investigate the carrying capacity and survival strategy of a specific fish species, but also predict when and in how much abundance the fish species occurs in a specific area of its habitat. 相似文献
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秋刀鱼(Cololabis saira)是西北太平洋海域重要的渔业种类之一,其资源评估工作已成为热点问题,单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)标准化可以为开展有效的资源评估研究提供科学依据。为此,本研究利用2003~2017年中国大陆西北太平洋秋刀鱼渔业生产统计资料,结合卫星遥感获得的海洋环境数据,如海表面温度、海表温度梯度、海表面高度等,基于广义线性模型(General linear model, GLM)和广义可加模型(Generalized additive model, GAM)对中国大陆西北太平洋秋刀鱼渔业进行CPUE标准化。结果显示,根据BIC准则,在GLM模型结果中,年份、月份、经度、纬度、海表面温度、海表面高度、海表温度梯度及年份与月份对CPUE具有显著影响,并组成了GLM模型的最佳模型,对CPUE偏差的解释率为52.47%;在GAM模型结果中,除上述8个影响变量外,交互项月份与经度和月份与纬度也对CPUE影响较大,GAM的最佳模型对CPUE偏差的解释率为61.9%。通过5-fold交叉验证分析发现,GAM模型标准化结果较优于GLM模型,更适合于西北太平洋秋刀鱼渔业CPUE标准化。 相似文献
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根据2005年7—10月在北太平洋E 150°~158°56′、N 42°34′~46°25′进行秋刀鱼资源探捕所获得的15个站点浮游动物样本资料,测得甲壳纲的桡足类、端足类、糠虾类、磷虾类,毛颚类、腔肠动物以及被囊动物等的代表种。其中桡足类占绝对优势,隶属于1目4科5属8种。浮游动物生物量4~699 mg/m3,均值168.6 mg/m3。根据浮游动物的种类、分布状况及优势种类的强弱,判断和分析黑潮暖流的强弱趋势,对确定秋刀鱼渔场的南北位置具有重要参考价值。 相似文献
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秋刀鱼(Cololabis saira)是西北太平洋温带海域的主要捕捞对象之一,也是西北太平洋渔业重要的组成部分。本研究根据北太平洋渔业委员会(NPFC)统计的2003～2017年渔获量数据以及中国秋刀鱼组织提交的单位捕捞努力渔获量数据(Catch per unit effort, CPUE),基于贝叶斯Schaefer剩余产量模型,分基准方案和敏感性分析方案对西北太平洋秋刀鱼资源状况进行了评估,并对其管理策略做了风险分析。结果显示,基准方案和敏感性分析方案下模型参数预测值以及生物学参考点估计值比较相近。在基准方案下,估算的最大可持续产量(Maximumsustainableyield,MSY)为75.26×10~4t,最大可持续产量的资源量BMSY为240.14×10~4t,此时的捕捞死亡率为0.32。在敏感性分析方案下,估算的最大的可持续产量MSY为70.03×104t,最大可持续产量的资源量BMSY为232.53×104t,此时的捕捞死亡率为0.31。该海域秋刀鱼资源状况良好,未经受过度捕捞。风险评估分析表明,为使秋刀鱼资源可持续利用,需将捕获率设定在0.3左右。 相似文献