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1.
基于碳、氮稳定同位素技术的大亚湾紫海胆食性分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为掌握大亚湾紫海胆(Heliocidaris crassispina)的食性特征,应用碳、氮稳定同位素技术对2015年8月所采集紫海胆样本的稳定同位素特征、营养级和食性特征进行了初步研究。结果表明,大亚湾紫海胆平均δ~(13)C值为-(13.35±1.21)‰,平均δ~(15)N值为(9.14±0.38)‰,平均营养级为2.11±0.14。不同壳径紫海胆之间的碳、氮稳定同位素比值无显著性差异(P0.05)。大亚湾海域紫海胆生活环境周围生物δ~(13)C值分布范围为-20.76‰~-9.93‰,δ~(15)N值分布范围为-0.16‰~14.99‰,营养级范围为1.34~3.77。大亚湾主要生物种类可划分为悬浮物、初级生产者和初级消费者、次级消费者、顶级消费者4个营养组群,其中紫海胆属于次级消费者。8月份调查海域珊瑚稀少,大型海藻密度低且死亡降解形成颗粒有机物(Particulate Organic Matter,POM),陆源POM随降雨大量流入大亚湾,导致紫海胆在8月份摄食偏向碎屑食物链,主要食物来源为POM,平均贡献率为67.3%;其余摄食种类为沉积物(Sediment Organic Matter,SOM)、裂叶马尾藻(Scagassum siliquastrum)、底栖硅藻、浮游动物及浮游植物,平均贡献率分别为9.7%、9.3%、6.7%、3.7%及3.3%。大亚湾紫海胆摄食种类与其栖息地底栖生物存在重叠,具有一定的食物竞争关系。研究表明,分析紫海胆食性特征对了解其所在生态系统中营养级水平具有重要意义。  相似文献   

2.
稳定同位素技术分析不同养殖方式下鳙饵料的贡献率   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
应用碳氮稳定同位素技术分析了不同养殖方式(A组:施肥;B组:施肥+1/2投饲;C组:施肥+投饲;D组:投饲)围隔中鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)肌肉碳氮稳定同位素变化情况,及其可能摄食饵料的贡献率。结果表明,A组鳙肌肉的δ13C和δ15N值分别为(–23.8±0.1)‰和(10.8±0.4)‰,显著高于B组、C组和D组的值(P0.05),后三者之间值没有显著差异。围隔中的食物源有浮游动物、颗粒有机物和饲料,它们的δ13C和δ15N值均低于消费者鳙的同位素值。3种食物在不同养殖方式下的贡献率不同,浮游动物是A组鳙的主要食物来源,平均贡献率为(65.6±3.2)%,饲料是另3个组鳙的主要食物来源,其中B组饲料的贡献率相对较大,达82.1%。说明投饲鳙后,鳙对饲料能够较好地吸收利用,但在池塘中同时培育天然饵料能有效提高饲料的贡献率,减少投饲量,降低残饵的污染。本研究旨为实践养殖中合理投饲鳙的管理技术提供理论依据。  相似文献   

3.
海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum)是大型浮游动物,在海洋生态系统能量流动环节中起重要作用.文章采用脂肪酸生物标记法和碳、氮稳定同位素技术研究了通州湾养殖水域海蜇的食性及营养级.结果显示,对通州湾养殖水域海蜇共检测出29种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸(Saturated fatty acid,SFA)10种,单不...  相似文献   

4.
Recruitment variability in many fish populations is postulated to be influenced by climatic and oceanographic variability. However, a mechanistic understanding of the influence of specific variables on recruitment is generally lacking. Feeding ecology is one possible mechanism that more directly links ocean conditions and recruitment. We test this mechanism using juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) collected off the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, in 2000–2009. Stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C), an indicator of temperature or primary productivity, and nitrogen (δ15N), an indicator of trophic position, were taken from muscle tissues of genetically stock‐identified salmon. We also collated large‐scale climate indices (e.g., Pacific Decadal Oscillation, North Pacific Gyre Oscillation), local climate variables (e.g., sea surface temperature) and copepod community composition across these years. We used a Bayesian network to determine how ocean conditions influenced feeding ecology, and subsequent survival rates. We found that smolt survival of Chinook Salmon is predicted by their δ13C value, but not their δ15N. In turn, large‐scale climate variability determined the δ13C values of salmon, thus linking climate to survival through feeding ecology, likely through qualities propagated from the base of the food chain.  相似文献   

5.
2014年8月对渤海中部海域的水文(温度、盐度)、化学(溶解氧DO、营养盐和化学耗氧量COD)和生物要素(叶绿素a Chl-a)的空间分布进行了调查。研究了该海域底层水体低氧(DO<3.0 mg/L)的分布特征,深入分析了低氧区发生的关键因素。结果显示,底层水体DO浓度最小值为2.30 mg/L,低氧面积达1200 km2,呈西北–东南走向。调查海域的西部和西南海域呈现出明显的温度层化,尤其在低氧区附近形成了一个表层与底层水体温度差(δT)>5℃的区域,δT 最高值达到7.3℃。水体密度层化与温度层化特征相似,在低氧区附近形成了一个底表层密度差(δρ)>2 g/L的等值线闭合圈。温度层化是低氧产生的主要物理因素。表层水体 COD 高值区主要分布在调查海域的西部,覆盖大部分的低氧海域。表层水体中的Chl-a(>4μg/L)和PO43--P (>6μg/L)浓度高值区主要分布在调查海域的西南部,部分与低氧区重合。本研究可为探索渤海海域富营养化演变过程提供借鉴。  相似文献   

6.
鳜免疫球蛋白 D 重链基因的克隆与表达分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
用RACE-PCR和RT-PCR方法获得鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)膜结合型免疫球蛋白D(Membrane-bounded IgD,mIgD)重链基因的全长cDNA序列。鳜mIgD的cDNA全长为3358bp,其5l非编码区包含30bp,3l非编码区包含337bp;开放阅读框包含2991bp,编码996个氨基酸,基因结构为VDJ-μ1-δ1-δ2-δ3-δ4-δ5-δ6-δ7-TM。鱼类IgD恒定区氨基酸序列比对结果显示,鳜mIgD存在半胱氨酸和色氨酸保守位点,与其他鱼类IgD的相似性在37%～72%之间。用邻接法(Neighbor Joining)构建的鱼类免疫球蛋白基因的系统发育树表明,鱼类IgD形成独立的一支,鳜mIgD与牙鲆和庸鲽IgD聚为一支。荧光定量PCR结果显示,鳜mIgD的mRNA主要分布于外周血白细胞、胸腺、头肾、中肾和脾脏中。  相似文献   

7.
推水养殖系统是集循环养殖、高效集污、生物净化及自动控制等技术为一体的生产方式。但该系统营养物质归趋尚未明晰,造成饵料资源浪费和养殖调控失策。该研究以草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)推水养殖系统为实验组,以普通池塘养殖系统为对照组,利用稳定同位素[碳(δ13C)、氮(δ15N)]技术研究两种养殖系统生物食物组成和系统食物网结构。结果表明,草鱼推水养殖系统各生物组分δ13C介于(-25.76±0.23)‰-22.26±0.20‰,普通池塘系统δ13C介于(-25.83±0.24)‰-22.38±0.15‰;推水养殖系统各生物组分δ15N介于(6.73±0.08)‰12.34±0.11‰,普通池塘系统δ15N介于(6.73±0.08)‰12.14±0.11‰。稳定同位素混合模型分析结果显示,两组系统中草鱼饲料和底泥碎屑是消费者的主要食物来源。其中,草鱼的主要食物来源是草鱼饲料,鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)的主要食物来源是草鱼饲料、大型浮游动物,鲫(Carassius auratus)的主要食物来源是底泥碎屑,底泥碎屑的主要来源是草鱼饲料。推水养殖系统草鱼饲料对草鱼的食物组成贡献率高于普通池塘系统。因此,采用推水养殖模式,可促进养殖生物对饲料的摄食,提高饲料利用效率。  相似文献   

8.
2014年5月和9月,运用稳定同位素技术和胃含物分析法,比较研究了不同增养殖模式下魁蚶(Anadara broughtonii)的饵料特征差异,以期探讨增养殖魁蚶可能的食物来源。结果显示,魁蚶的δ~(13)C值存在明显的季节差异,在5月,筏养区魁蚶的δ~(13)C值明显低于9月,底播区则表现出相反趋势。5月,两种增养殖模式下魁蚶的δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N值均无明显差异;9月,筏养区魁蚶的δ~(13)C、δ~(15)N值均显著高于底播区。以浮游植物为主的颗粒有机物是筏养区魁蚶的主要食物来源,其贡献率可达61.0%~62.9%,附着微藻是其重要的食物补充(37.2%~39.0%);而底栖微藻则是底播区魁蚶最主要的食物来源,其贡献率达到51.7%(5月)和72.5%(9月)。胃含物分析结果显示,魁蚶主要滤食圆筛藻属(Coscinodiscus)、曲舟藻属(Pleurosigma)、菱形藻属(Nitzschia)和舟形藻属(Navicula)种类。底播模式下魁蚶胃含物组成与底栖微藻群落的相似性系数可达85.30%(5月)和77.20%(9月),表明魁蚶对水体中的微藻具有一定的选择性,以浮游性较弱、且易于下沉的硅藻或底栖硅藻类为主。研究结果可为魁蚶筏式养殖和底播增殖的科学管理提供参考。  相似文献   

9.
Information on aquaculture-related environmental impact along the eastern Adriatic coast is very scarce. In this paper, the area affected by fish farm and sewage derived particulate nitrogen in the Murter Sea and semi-enclosed Pirovac Bay (central Adriatic, Croatia) was assessed using the stable nitrogen isotopic composition (δ15N) in particulate organic matter (POM) and benthic sessile invertebrates (Aplysina aerophoba, Balanus perforatus and Anemonia sulcata) in the exposed areas compared to an unpolluted reference site. The results suggest that increased δ15N values in the POM and biota in the impacted areas are predominantly due to nitrogen losses through feed wastage and fish excretion (faeces), but also due to the sewage discharge into the marine coastal ecosystems. The δ15N values of the selected organisms were significantly higher around fish cages, as well as at sites polluted by urban waste, compared to the reference site and some other pristine offshore locations. The 15N enrichments of A. aerophoba, A. sulcata and B. perforatus collected around fish cages compared to the reference location were up to 6.8, 6.5 and 5.2‰, respectively, which exceeds the natural variability. While the δ15N values of A. sulcata and B. perforatus showed an excellent linear correlation with those of the POM, a weaker correlation was found between δ15N of A. aerophoba and the POM, although its δ15N values consistently increased with the increased δ15N values of POM. This is attributed to the presence of different bacterial populations hosting in the sponge. A geochemical map of the δ15N values in the POM and organisms was created, which could be used for tracing the dispersion of 15N loading generated by aquaculture and sewage in the receiving environment, and their transfer into biota in the adjacent coastal ecosystem. Sponges or other organisms, although known as non-selective suspension feeders, but hosting abundant bacterial populations, may have δ15N values lower than the POM, but still reflecting the overall enrichment of the environment in 15N due to the presence of enriched effluents from aquaculture operation or municipal discharges.  相似文献   

10.
Bulk sedimentation and carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes were used to investigate the dispersion of particle waste products from 3 fish farms distributed along the Mediterranean Sea and characterized by the seagrass Posidonia oceanica growing in immediate vicinity of the fish cages. The farms were located at sites with rapid water exchange (average current speeds > 5.5 cm s− 1) and water depths ranging from 16 to 28 m. Sedimentation traps were deployed along transects from each farm on bare and vegetated sites for 48 h during summer, where the production in the farms is at maximum. The sedimentation under the net cages was 8 to 25 times higher than at control sites located 1 km away. The farm with the largest production showed the highest sedimentation rates. Phosphorus (P) deposition rates were particularly high at all farms, and the underlying sediments were enriched in P. These results indicate that P can be used as a sensitive indicator of farm loadings. The isotopic signals (δ13C and δ15N) of the sediment trap materials at the control sites varied among the 3 study sites (δ13C − 14.9‰ to − 23.4‰ and δ15N 2.2‰ to 6.2‰), but some general trends were observed with less negative δ13C and more positive δ15N signals under the net cages. These signals were reflected in the underlying sediments, in particular for δ15N, suggesting that N isotopes can be used as indicators of farm waste products in traps and sediments.  相似文献   

11.
The effects of climate events on the feeding ecology and trophic dynamics of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in offshore waters of the central Gulf of Alaska were investigated during early summers (1994–2000), based on analyses of stomach contents, and carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N). Gonatid squids (mainly Berryteuthis anonychus) were the dominant prey of all salmon species except for chum salmon (O. keta). During the 1997 El Niño event and the 1999 La Niña event, squids decreased sharply in the diets of all Pacific salmon except coho salmon (O. kisutch) in the Subarctic Current, and chum salmon diets changed from gelatinous zooplankton (1995–97) to a more diverse array of zooplankton species. A δ13C and δ15N analysis indicated that all salmon species occupied the same branch of the food web in 1999–2000. We hypothesize that high‐seas salmon adapt to climate‐induced changes in their prey resources by switching their diets either within or between trophic levels. To understand the effects of climate change on Pacific salmon in the Gulf of Alaska, biological oceanographic research on B. anonychus and other important prey resources is needed.  相似文献   

12.
Information on the distribution and bloom scale of the giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai is necessary to understand the impact on fisheries. In October 2009, we had an opportunity for visual counting of N. nomurai around Japan from a research/training vessel. To take into account possibly severe missed detection of N. nomurai in the close vicinity of the vessel, detection functions were modified by introducing an additional parameter δ expressing the proportion of detectable N. nomurai within a threshold perpendicular distance. Some covariate effects in the detection process were also investigated. The δ-modified hazard-rate detection function with δ variation parameter of jellyfish body size was chosen as the best-fit one by AIC model selection. The results suggested that a higher proportion (>30 % or more) of N. nomurai were undetected in the vicinity of vessel. The δ-modified model had an advantage of no loss of left-truncated data and provided better estimation of density with the smaller coefficient of variation than the conventional left truncation approach. It is applicable to other line transect surveys, e.g. aerial surveys. High densities of N. nomurai were found in the central part of the Sea of Japan and off Iwate Prefecture.  相似文献   

13.
对气相色谱法测定水中HCHs和DDTs残留的前处理方法进行研究,新的前处理方法（方法二）以5μg/L、50μg/L、150μg/L作为不同添加水平测定水中HCHs和DDTs的回收率,出峰顺序为：①α-HCH、②γ-HCH、③β-HCH、④δ-HCH、⑤ρ＇ρ-DDE、⑥ο＇ρ-DDT、⑦ρ＇ρ-DDD、⑧ρ＇ρ-DDT,加标回收率范围为85.3%-114.6%。与方法一（GB7492-87）相比,能够达到定量准确、具有高的精密度和准确度,而且操作较简单,需时较短,因此本文推荐使用方法二作为气相色谱法测定水中HCHs和DDTs残留前处理方法。  相似文献   

14.
  1. Population delineation is vital for effectively managing and protecting populations of all at‐risk species. Population boundaries of Southern Hemisphere humpback whales on their breeding and feeding grounds have not been fully resolved. A number of methods have been used to delineate breeding stocks of Southern Hemisphere humpbacks, but ecological characteristics determined via stable isotope analysis provide valuable information to contrast other data sources.
  2. In this study, stable isotope analysis is used to investigate potential separation of humpback whale populations on Southern Hemisphere feeding grounds as evidenced by carbon and nitrogen isotope values in their skin as proxies of diet.
  3. One hundred samples of whale skin obtained from biopsies in sampling localities off the coasts of Gabon, Mayotte (Mozambique Channel), and Madagascar were analysed for carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope ratios. The results showed a statistically significant difference in the mean δ15N values for whales between the populations from Gabon and Madagascar (7.0 ± 0.1‰ and 7.6 ± 0.1‰), and Gabon and Mayotte (7.6 ± 0.1‰ and 7.2 ± 0.1‰), indicating that these breeding stocks are potentially visiting different areas of the feeding grounds outside of the breeding season.
  4. The results from this study indicate that at least some breeding stocks may show fidelity to separate feeding areas and do not widely mix with individuals from other breeding stocks while feeding.
  相似文献   

15.
Estimation of the apparent digestibility coefficient ADC(%) of C3 and C4 plants in experimental diets for fingerlings of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum, Cuvier, 1818) was calculated by applying chromic oxide (Cr2O3) external marker methodology and by a proposed mathematical expression based on the isotopic composition (δ13C). A total of 240 tambaqui fingerlings each weighing ±48.2 g and measuring ±9.8 cm were maintained in eight 500‐L aquariums specially designed for faeces collection. The ADC(%) of the C3 and C4 diets did not differ significantly between the two methods, producing results of 75.6%; 76.2% and 74.4%; 72.8%, respectively. The ADC(%) results obtained by isotopic method presented less variation than by chromic oxide. The proposed mathematical expression for calculating the ADC(%) based on δ13C values offers an alternative methodology, which can reduce errors and diminish the effort required to collect biological material. However, it is important to note that this method is limited to analysis of diets or food items with distinct isotopic signals.  相似文献   

16.
应用同位素分析黑龙江中游主要鱼类营养层次   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
2010年5月—2011年10月对黑龙江中游采集的32种鱼类和6种底栖无脊椎动物,运用稳定碳、氮同位素方法进行水生态营养层次的分析。结果显示,鱼类δ13C值为-32.00‰～-17.32‰,相差14.68‰;δ15N值为7.58‰～14.78‰,差值达6.80‰,跨度都很大。底栖无脊椎动物δ13C值和δ15N值的跨度不大,δ13C值为-29.64‰～-26.10‰,相差3.54‰;δ15N值为7.09‰～9.91‰,相差2.82‰。通过δ15N值计算出黑龙江中游32种主要鱼类和6种底栖无脊椎动物食物网营养层次,其中肉食性鱼类鳇(Huso dauricus)占据了黑龙江中游鱼类中最高的营养位置。通过分析初步建立了水体食物网连续营养谱,并结合底栖无脊椎动物同位素数据勾勒出黑龙江中游食物网营养结构图。  相似文献   

17.
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ13C/δ15N) were assessed as a means to ascertain the recent in situ feeding history of the common New Zealand sea cucumber Australostichopus mollis in relation to nutrient enrichment from a longline green‐lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) farm in Northern New Zealand. δ13C and δ15N isotopic signatures and the ratios of sea cucumbers sampled from within the impact footprint of the mussel farm were compared with those of sea cucumbers residing on adjacent natural reefs. Sea cucumbers from beneath mussel farming longlines had significantly different δ13C stable isotope signatures in comparison with sea cucumbers collected from neighbouring natural reef habitats. This difference supports the hypothesis that sea cucumbers in the same bay maintain distinctly different feeding histories, with those residing beneath mussel farming longlines deriving tissue carbon from sediment impacted by farming activities. This hypothesis is further supported by the finding that the isotope signature of sediment collected from beneath the mussel farm is consistent with the expectation that sea cucumbers were feeding on and consuming sediment enriched with bivalve waste (faeces and pseudo‐faeces). In contrast, the nitrogen stable isotope signature (δ15N) was found to be similar between sites for both sea cucumbers and assumed food sources. Both findings lend support to the viability of future sea cucumber/green‐lipped mussel farm polyculture systems. Sea cucumbers in different locations (mussel farm, natural reef) possessed distinctly different isotope signatures, suggesting that mixing of sea ranched sea cucumbers with natural reef populations would be negligible or non‐existent. Similarities between the isotope signatures in low metabolic tissue of sea cucumbers residing at the mussel farm site to that of mussel farm‐impacted sediment suggest that cucumbers beneath mussel farms appear to have high rates of retention at the farm site.  相似文献   

18.
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19.
虾夷扇贝动态能量收支模型参数的测定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本研究以虾夷扇贝为实验生物,介绍了动态能量收支(dynamic energy budget,DEB)模型5个关键基本参数的测定及计算方法,分析了方法的利弊及注意事项,为贝类DEB模型参数的准确获取提供参考方法。采用壳长与软体部湿重回归法计算虾夷扇贝的形状系数δm;采用静水法测定不同温度条件下虾夷扇贝的呼吸耗氧率,计算阿伦纽斯温度TA参数;采用饥饿法测定、计算单位时间单位体积维持生命所需的能量[]、形成单位体积结构物质所需的能量[EG]和单位体积最大储存能量[EM]3个参数。室内饥饿实验持续60 d,直至呼吸耗氧率及软体部干重基本保持恒定。结果显示,壳长(SL)与软体部湿重(WW)的回归关系式为WW=0.0118SL3.4511(R2=0.9365),根据公式V=(δm L)3,对软体部湿重的立方根和壳长进行线性回归,所得的斜率即为形状系数δm值(δm=0.32);获得不同规格的虾夷扇贝耗氧率与水温(热力学温度,K)倒数的线性回归关系,线性回归方程斜率的绝对值为阿伦纽斯温度TA,平均为(4160±767)K。饥饿实验结束时,软体部干重和呼吸耗氧率分别降低了56%和81%。虾夷扇贝的耗氧率稳定在0.17 mg/(ind·h),经计算获得[]=25.9 J/(cm~3·d);饥饿持续30天之后,虾夷扇贝软体部干重基本维持在(0.25±0.01)g,经计算获得[EG]=3160 J/cm~3,[EM]=2030 J/cm~3。动态DEB理论是基于能量代谢的物理、化学特性而建立的,体现了生物能量代谢的普遍性规律,能够反映摄食获取能量在不同发育生长阶段的能量分配情况。但是,DEB模型参数的测定及计算比较复杂。基本参数的准确获取将影响其他参数以及模型的准确性。本研究为虾夷扇贝DEB模型的构建奠定基础。  相似文献   

20.
Identifying nursery habitats is of paramount importance to define proper management and conservation strategies for flatfish species. Flatfish nursery studies usually report upon habitat occupation, but few attempted to quantify the importance of those habitats to larvae development. The reliance of two sympatric flatfish species larvae, the European flounder Platichthys flesus and the common sole Solea solea, on the estuarine food web (benthic versus pelagic), was determined through carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis. The organic matter sources supporting the production of P. flesus and S. solea larvae biomass originates chiefly in the benthic food web. However, these species have significantly different δ13C and δ15N values which suggest that they prey on organisms that use a different mixture of sources or assimilate different components from similar OM pools (or both).  相似文献   

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