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从状态的健康、恢复能力的健康、所在环境的健康三个方面建立涵盖22个指标的艾比湖湿地生态系统健康评价指标体系。以艾比湖周边区域的统计年鉴数据和遥感解译数据为基础,用2000—2012年时间序列数据,分析艾比湖湿地生态系统健康状况。运用综合评价及划分的等级标准对13年间艾比湖湿地生态系统健康水平进行量化分析。结果表明:艾比湖湿地生态系统在2000—2001年处于较健康状态,2002—2003年处于健康状态,2004—2009年处于较健康状态,2010—2011年处于一般病态,2012年处于较健康状态。艾比湖湿地生态系统健康总体呈恶化趋势,健康状况不容乐观。 相似文献
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使用市场价格替代法、影子工程价格法及现行市价法等评价方法,对廊坊市建成区森林涵养水源、保持土壤、净化空气、固碳制氧等服务功能进行了初步估算。以2000年为基准年,以2001—2005年、2006—2010年及2011—2015年为估算时段综合分析、预测廊坊市建成区森林生态系统生态资产的动态变化趋势。结果显示:廊坊市建成区森林生态系统生态资产2000年、2005年、2010年及2015年分别为1 448.818 6万元、2 733.072 4万元、4 098.457 6万元及4 692.988 4万元,人均生态资产占有量分别为43.573 5元/人、74.268 3元/人、90.076 0元/人及86.427元/人;2001—2005年、2006—2010年及2011—2015年3个评价时段中生态资产增长率依次为88.641 5%,49.957 9%及14.506 3%,而同期人均生态资产占有量增长率依次为70.443 7%,21.284 6%及-4.051 0%。 相似文献
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利用遥感和GIS技术方法,对哈巴雪山2000—2010年TM影像进行人工目视解译得到研究区域的生态系统分类数据,并对研究区生态系统格局时空变化特征进行分析。结果表明:1研究区生态系统的格局变化主要集中在2000—2005年,而2005—2010年变化剧烈程度减缓,生态类型的变化主要集中在人为活动最为集中的金沙江流域的河谷区域;2生态格局分布的总体变化特征是:农地转化为居住用地、冰川/永久积雪和河流湖泊转化为草地或林地。人为因素对森林生态系统环境保护产生了积极影响,而对农业生态系统稳定性造成了一定干扰。 相似文献
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基于PSR模型的中国生态文明建设国际比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
引入“压力—状态—响应(PSR) ”模型,从生态系统视角构建包括生态系统压力、生态系统健康和生态环境管理3个子系统共21个指标的生态文明评价指标体系; 采用全球60个主要国家(地区)的数据,从国际比较的视角考察中国生态文明建设水平和生态文明协调度。结果显示:中国生态文明综合指数排名第50位,与发达经济体的差距较大,在发展中经济体中位居中游,与我国当前的经济发展水平总体相适应; 中国生态环境管理表现相对优异,但生态系统压力和生态系统健康水平滞后,导致我国生态文明协调程度偏低。实证分析表明,一国生态文明建设水平与生态文明协调度存在显著的正相关性。我国在加强生态文明建设的过程中,应着力提升各子系统间的协调互动水平,特别是生态环境管理的实施效果。 相似文献
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《防护林科技》2017,(1)
以福建省自然保护区为例,依据2000年、2005年和2010年福建省土地利用数据,利用ArcGIS软件分析各类型土地利用的面积及其变化特点,并参照谢高地的生态系统服务价值计算方法,分析了福建省自然保护区内土地利用变化与生态系统服务价值之间的关系。结果表明:(1)2000—2010年,土地利用发生了较大的变化,各类型之间转换比较频繁,且林地面积逐渐在减少,园地和建设用地面积逐渐在增加,其他土地类型面积先增加后减少;(2)2000—2010年,林地主要转变为园地和耕地,园地主要由林地和草地转换而来,林地为自然保护区最主要的土地利用类型;(3)2000—2010年,自然保护区生态系统服务价值逐渐减少,且土地利用变化与各类型的生态系统服务价值变化相对一致。 相似文献
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城市生态系统可持续发展评价研究——以北京市为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从对生态系统健康概念的质疑入手,提出了用“可持续发展”代替“生态系统健康”的合理性。参照先辈们关于城市可持续发展及生态系统健康评价指标体系的成果,进一步简化、完善了城市生态可持续发展评价指标体系,并采用模糊数学的方法,借助相对隶属度矩阵和信息熵权法评价了北京城市在某一特定时间内(1999—2004年)的生态可持续发展状况。 相似文献
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以韶山市为例,选取人口增长率、人口密度、城市化率等指标构建了城市生态安全评价指标体系,综合熵权法和物元分析建立城市生态安全评价模型,对韶山市2011年-2015年生态安全状况进行了定量评价和分析,结果表明:韶山市生态安全状况逐年上升,目前稳定在安全水平。 相似文献
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《绿色中国(A版)》2017,(5)
<正>全国生态状况变化调查评估启动环境保护部和中国科学院于2月27日在北京联合启动"全国生态变化(2010—2015年)调查与评估"。这一项目是继"全国生态环境十年变化(2000—2010年)调查评估"之后,两部门开展的第二次对全国生态环境情况的摸底调查,将科学认识全国生态系统、生态问题与生态资产现状与变化趋势,以满足我国生态文明建设以及国家与区域经济社会发展规划的重要科技需求。 相似文献
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旅游活动的开展依赖于良好的生态环境,对旅游城市生态评价可以了解其生态系统健康、平衡、良性循环状态,明晰其生态发展变化的特点和未来趋势。对旅游城市生态综合指数评价法、旅游城市生态安全模糊综合评价法、旅游城市生态足迹评价法进行比较分析研究,认为这3种方法同时使用,可以克服单一评价方法本身的一些缺陷,能从不同角度互为补充、较完整地反映旅游城市的生态状况。利用这3种评价方法,对桂林旅游城市进行生态评价,结果为:桂林旅游城市生态状况处于"临界安全"状态。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):166-178
This study investigated the forest history, structural characteristics, the presence of fungal species suggested to indicate ecological continuity in old-growth forest, and the species composition of saproxylic beetles in 30 old forest ''woodland key habitats'' (WKHs), and compared them with production forest in the same age-class in south-eastern Norway. No statistically significant differences in forest characteristics, community of saproxylic beetles or number of red-listed beetles were found between the WKHs and the production forest, probably owing to a combination of profound long-term logging and a lack of will to delineate sufficiently large WKHs in the one area with significantly less forestry impact. The study indicates the advantage of including forest history information in WKH selection where such data exist, and the importance of restoring habitats in heavily exploited forest landscapes. 相似文献