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1.
山东海岸在砂质海岸和基岩海岸的港湾沙滩上,分布着特殊意义的海岸沙生植被。植被的特点是:组成种类及结构简单,群落类型单纯,并具有显著的镶嵌性等特点。另外,因海岸沙滩生境条件特殊,生长的植物具有很强的抗旱、耐瘦、耐热、耐盐能力,且群落的自然演替缓慢。根据海岸沙生植被的特点和人为经济活动的作用,对本岸区沙生植被的恢复、发展和防止生态平衡失调等问题进行了生态评价,并从植物生态学的角度提出该地区的开发、利用及沙生植被的保护等问题的设想。 相似文献
2.
以农业生产为支柱产业的新建县地处鄱阳湖流域，区域内沙生植被较脆弱。随着经济与人口的快速增长及农、林、旅游业的大发展，如何保护县域内沙生植被、更好的开发和利用这种资源十分重要。在分析新建县沙生植被现状及影响其生长的主要因素的基础上，就该地区内沙生植被的保护和开发利用提出建议。 相似文献
3.
山东半岛砂质海岸占全省海岸线的８０％。在砂质海岸和部分基岩海岸的沙滩上分布着特殊意义的海岸沙生植被，其组成种类有很强的抗旱、耐瘠薄、耐热、耐盐能力，对沿海防护林建设、改善生态环境有重大作用，本文在研究砂质海岸特点、沙生植被特征的基础上，对恢复、发展和保护沙生植被，防止生态平衡失调等问题进行了生态评价，并从生态学角度提出了砂质海岸的开发设想。 相似文献
4.
沙生植物是沙区重要的自然资源之一,沙地基质流动性对沙生植物的生长与分布有重要影响。而沙生植物也形成了对其特殊的生态适应对策。文章从4个方面回顾了我国沙生植物的生长对沙地基质流动性响应的主要研究进展,指出了研究中存在的一些分歧,并分析了沙生植物的生长与沙地紧实度及相关的主要生态因子之间的互馈关系,指出了需要进一步深入开展的研究方向及内容,旨在为干旱半干旱沙区植被恢复与重建中防风固沙植物种选择、合理配置、植物资源合理利用与管理提供科技支撑。 相似文献
5.
沙生灌木生物质能源林研究概述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
闫淑英 《内蒙古林业调查设计》2015,(6):33-35
沙生灌木作为生态脆弱地区植被恢复和重建的先锋树种,拥有抗逆性强、适生区广、用途多、见效快等优点。同时,他还是发展生物质能源的重要树种。文章结合内蒙古地区的基本情况,阐述了沙生灌木作为林木生物质能源树种的可行性和必要性,并分析了沙生灌木能源林的发展潜力和产生的效益。 相似文献
6.
博落回的生物学特性与生态价值 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
阐述了博落回的形态特征、生物学特性、生态价值、药用价值及经济效益。大量研究表明,博落回根、茎萌发能力强,覆盖度高,具有适生性强、喜钙、旱生和岩生等特性,可提高山地植被覆盖率、防治水土流失,促进土壤和植被恢复,是集生态价值与经济、社会效益于一体的喀斯特石漠化治理的先锋植物。 相似文献
7.
山东森林植被恢复的理论方法和实践 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
1 山东森林植被的现状山东省位于我国暖温带地区 ,在植被分区上属于暖温带落叶阔叶林区域。根据山东省所处的地理位置和气候、地形等条件 ,以及历史记载 ,山东省的地带性植被应为暖温带森林植被。但实际上我们目前所见到的大面积的植被类型是人工的农业植被和荒山灌草丛植被。森林植被只是在山区局部可以见到 ,且多为人工的或次生的。目前的山东森林植被有以下几个特点。1.1 森林覆盖率低 ,荒山秃岭多森林覆盖率是衡量地区生态环境状况和经济发展水平的重要标志。森林覆盖率低 ,荒山秃岭多 ,是山东森林植被的特点。据统计 ,包括农田林网和… 相似文献
8.
山东湿地植被组成规律的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
山东湿地共分布湿地高等维管植物70科277种、苔藓植物12科24种,在植物种类组成上以莎草科和禾本科等种最为丰富。植被类型分灌丛、灌草丛、草甸、盐生、沙生、沼生和水生植被等7种植被类型。湿地植被的分布既受地理位置、气候、海拔等影响,又受制于水分、土壤和土壤含盐量等因素。湿地演替可以表示为植物群落的演替过程,即随着湿地的发育,特别是土壤水分和营养的变化,导致植物种类和群落发生改变的过程。湿地植物群落演替是气候、水文以及地貌、土壤等自然要素综合作用的结果,客观反映了湿地的形成、发育与演替过程。 相似文献
9.
西北干旱荒漠区,属典型的温带大陆性极端干旱荒漠气候,境内气候多受戈壁、沙漠影响,霜冻、大风、沙尘暴及干热风等自然灾害频繁,沙生植被恢复显得尤为重要。枸杞因其具有耐干旱、耐盐碱、耐瘠薄、耐沙埋、经济价值高等特点,已经成为西北干旱地区沙生植被恢复利用中的首选树种,在改善生态环境、农业可持续发展中发挥着举足轻重的作用。沙生植被的恢复对于西部地区荒漠化加剧、草场退化问题改善具有重要意义,研究发现,枸杞能够很好地适应西部干旱少水的气候环境,并且具有很好的防风固沙作用,加之其巨大的经济效益,若能就这些特点,加以人为的协助,使其对沙生植被恢复作用的潜力予以充分发挥,必然为改善当地生态环境起到巨大作用。 相似文献
10.
毛乌素流动沙地植物分布及盖度的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在毛乌素沙地绿化过程中如何确定流动沙地中适宜植被覆盖率是一个非常重要的总是伙解决这一问题对一些沙生植物的自然分布及盖主进行了探讨，由于流动沙地中土壤的水分条件较好，可选择其最大的盖度值为种植盖度。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
15.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
16.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
19.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
20.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献