共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
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12个饲用芭蕉芋品种(材料)比较试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为培育饲用型芭蕉芋新品种,满足畜牧业发展的需求,2014~2015年从全国收集的芭蕉芋种质资源中筛选11个芭蕉芋品种(材料),以兴芋1号作对照,进行2 a的品比试验。结果表明:QC22植株高大,茎粗,叶片大,生育期较短,出苗较快且整齐,属于早熟品种;QC22产量最高,2 a茎叶及块茎平均产量达到96 300 kg/hm2,比对照增产29.7%;其次是QC53,比对照增产21.4%。农艺性状综合评价结果表明,QC22可作为青饲料栽培。 相似文献
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园艺植物体胚发生及植株再生技术研究 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：16
通过无患子科荔枝,龙眼,天南星科白鹤芋,火鹤芋,花叶芋,芭蕉科香蕉,葫芦科西瓜甜瓜甜兰科卡特兰,大花蕙兰,石竹科满天星,康乃馨等５０多个品种品系体细胞胚胎发生的诱导技术研究,探索出园艺植物获得体细胞发生的两种。途径。第一途径由外植体先诱导出愈伤组织然后产生胚状体,此途径的技术关键在于前期必需在附加高浓度２,４－Ｄ的培养基上作激发培养,如荔枝,天星,康乃馨,火鹤芋,香芋等可由引途径产生体胚。第二种途 相似文献
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芋（ColocasiaEsculeuteSchott．）属天南星科，原产中国和印度炎热潮湿的沼泽地带。自古以来，它在中国南方地区广泛栽培。福建省亦是主产芋省份之一，是菜、粮、食品加工原料作物。为了进一步开发利用芋品种资源，发展芋头生产，近年来宁化县开展了芋品种资源调查，现将其结果报告如下。一、宁化县的芋品种（一）“槟榔”芋“槟榔”芋属魁芋类，栽培历史悠久，在安乐、曹坊、泉上、翠江等乡镇均有种植。其叶杨长约1．1～1．7m，叶大，呈心脏形，叶中央有一紫红色点，叶背有紫色条纹，叶柄基部青白色，上部紫白色；每株仅有一个大母芋，… 相似文献
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江永县芋田间、套种栽培的效果及配套技术周兆生（湖南省江永县农业局湖南江永，４２５４００）江永县种植香芋（即槟榔芋）有悠久的历史，以“桃川香芋”久负盛名。近年来，植芋面积在６００ｈｍ２以上，单产１７ｔ／ｈｍ２左右。为提高芋田效益，发展立体农业，从１９９... 相似文献
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为明确红芽芋、荔浦芋叶绿体基因组的基本特征及其差异，本研究以江西铅山红芽芋和广西荔浦芋为研究对象，采用改良CTAB法提取2种芋新鲜叶片基因组DNA，利用高通量测序技术获得2种芋全长叶绿体基因组序列，并进行SSR检测、序列比对、遗传多样性滑窗分析和系统发育树构建分析。结果表明，红芽芋和荔浦芋的叶绿体基因组全长分别为162 478 bp和162 453 bp，均呈现典型的环状双链四分体结构，二者均注释到131个基因，包括蛋白编码基因86个，tRNA基因37个，rRNA基因8个，其中具有2个拷贝的基因18个，具有内含子的基因23个。简单重复序列（SSR）位点分析发现，红芽芋和荔浦芋基因组序列分别含有130和124个SSR，二者SSR序列中A/T碱基含量分别占63.08%和61.29%，基于其SSR位点分析开发出15条具有多态性的SSR引物。红芽芋和荔浦芋叶绿体基因组共检测到236个SNP位点，26.7%的SNP位点发生在编码区，其中有25个基因发生错位突变，这些基因的变异可能促进了2种芋之间的性状变异。与天南星亚科已公布的13个属代表植物叶绿体基因组进行比较，其基因结构、种类和数量都比较保守... 相似文献
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花叶芋(Caiadiumbicolor)又名彩叶芋，原产南美洲亚马逊河流域，为天南墨科多年生草本植物，其绚丽缤纷的叶片十分迷入．为室内观赏植物名品．由于常规繁殖率低，市场供不应求，采用组培快繁可以充分满足市场。国内花叶芋组培成首研究已见若干报道(文献3、4、5）， 相似文献
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海门香沙芋是农业部地理标志保护产品,具有重要的经济价值。为进一步提升质量效益,该文从品种、栽培模式、种芋处理、种植方法、田间管理、采收等方面总结了香沙芋绿色高效简约化栽培技术,以期为快速发展提供参考,促进产业增产增收。 相似文献
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Andrey B. Imbs Ekaterina V. Ermolenko Valeria P. Grigorchuk Tatiana V. Sikorskaya Peter V. Velansky 《Marine drugs》2021,19(12)
Marine invertebrates are a paraphyletic group that comprises more than 90% of all marine animal species. Lipids form the structural basis of cell membranes, are utilized as an energy reserve by all marine invertebrates, and are, therefore, considered important indicators of their ecology and biochemistry. The nutritional value of commercial invertebrates directly depends on their lipid composition. The lipid classes and fatty acids of marine invertebrates have been studied in detail, but data on their lipidomes (the profiles of all lipid molecules) remain very limited. To date, lipidomes or their parts are known only for a few species of mollusks, coral polyps, ascidians, jellyfish, sea anemones, sponges, sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crabs, copepods, shrimp, and squid. This paper reviews various features of the lipid molecular species of these animals. The results of the application of the lipidomic approach in ecology, embryology, physiology, lipid biosynthesis, and in studies on the nutritional value of marine invertebrates are also discussed. The possible applications of lipidomics in the study of marine invertebrates are considered. 相似文献
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Maria Filomena de Jesus Raposo Alcina Maria Miranda Bernardo de Morais Rui Manuel Santos Costa de Morais 《Marine drugs》2016,14(2)
In recent years, scientists have become aware that human microbiota, in general, and gut microbiota, in particular, play a major role in human health and diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, among others. A large number of evidence has come to light regarding the beneficial effects, either for the host or the gut microbiota, of some foods and food ingredients or biochemical compounds. Among these, the most promising seem to be polysaccharides (PS) or their derivatives, and they include the dietary fibers. Some of these PS can be found in seaweeds and microalgae, some being soluble fibers, such as alginates, fucoidans, carrageenans and exopolysaccharides, that are not fermented, at least not completely, by colonic microbiota. This review gives an overview of the importance of the dietary fibers, as well as the benefits of prebiotics, to human health. The potential of the PS from marine macro- and microalgae to act as prebiotics is discussed, and the different techniques to obtain oligosaccharides from PS are presented. The mechanisms of the benefits of fiber, in general, and the types and benefits of algal fibers in human health are highlighted. The findings of some recent studies that present the potential effects of prebiotics on animal models of algal biomass and their extracts, as well as oligo- and polysaccharides, are presented. In the future, the possibility of using prebiotics to modulate the microbiome, and, consequently, prevent certain human diseases is foreseen. 相似文献
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本文定义了油菜理想株型的内涵，强调油菜的多功能性和理想株型的功能特定性。油菜理想株型是实现油菜某种特定功能，有利于相关经济效益最大化所具备的植株形态。阐明了油菜单株株型和群体株型两个维度之间的关系。梳理了油菜株型研究的基本脉络，提出油菜理想株型研究的四个阶段：初级阶段、成熟阶段、数字化阶段和分子生物技术阶段。系统构建了油菜株型的指标体系，株型指标包括了根、茎、叶、分枝、花、角果以及冠层结构形态等。归纳并提出了形态测量法、经验总结法、试验统计法、数字模拟法、栽培调控法和遗传改良法的油菜株型研究方法划分，提出了光合效能原理，形态结构原理，源、库、流原理，作物生理原理的油菜株型研究基本原理分类。介绍了基于籽粒丰产、基于机械直播、基于菜用或饲用、基于观赏性的四种典型油菜理想株型特征和内涵。分析了油菜株型研究存在的不足，并对油菜理想株型的基本特征、建构策略和研究趋势进行了讨论和展望。 相似文献
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Cereal-based products, such as bread, are staple foods in the western diet. Due to the nature of their basic ingredients and the diversity of recipes, the amount of fermentable short-chain carbohydrates (FODMAPs) in those products may be high. This study characterized the FODMAP-profiles of a broad range of cereal-product ingredients, serving as a basis for low FODMAP product development. Different cereals, pseudo-cereals, gluten-free flours, pulses, pulse protein ingredients, commercial sprouts, and other cereal-product ingredients were analyzed, using anion-exchange chromatography with electrochemical detection. Wheat and related cereals were high in fructans. Pulses, such as peas contained high galactooligosaccharides (GOS) amounts. Whereas GOS levels in pulse protein ingredients varied, depending on their production. Gluten-free flours, for instance, rice-flour, showed low FODMAP-profiles. Amongst those, buckwheat, which does not contain any of the FODMAPs investigated, contained high amounts of other soluble non-digestible carbohydrates, namely fagopyritols; these may have a similar effect on a sensitive gut as GOS. Finally, ingredients contained mainly high levels of fructans and GOS. Yet, the analysis of commonly consumed commercial cereal products, including bread, pasta, crackers and biscuits, highlighted the relevance of lactose, fructose in excess of glucose and polyols. These products serve as benchmarks for further product development. 相似文献
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日本水稻生产发展变化及对我国的启示 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
社会经济的发展对稻米生产流通具有重要的影响。利用日本农林水产省的统计数据,分析了60年来日本水稻生产方式、劳动时间、消费流通渠道的变化,并结合目前我国稻米产业所处现状,探讨日本稻米产业发展对我国的启示。60年来,随着GDP的增长,日本水稻种植面积和水稻总产不断下降,得益于稻作技术的发展,水稻生产劳动时间显著缩短,且单产不断提高;随着人民生活水平的提高,稻米消费量不断下降,而民众对稻米品质的要求提高,日本优异的水稻品种资源奠定了其优良品质的基础;20世纪70年代以来,日本政府减少稻米统购统销数量,逐渐形成了以农协为主、直销为辅的稻米流通方式,极大提高了流通效率,新兴销售方式-电商等的出现又进一步提高了农户的种稻效益。近年来,我国水稻生产机械化程度逐步提高,稻米市场进一步开放,稻米产业发展正处于转型时期,少数已经达到比较好的水平,但大多数跟日本20世纪70-90年代时的稻米产业状况较相似。借鉴日本的稻米生产及流通方式的变化,我国应积极调整水稻生产方式,扩大水稻生产个体规模,加快水稻生产机械化进程,增加水稻生产公共基础设施建设,进一步引导优质稻发展,加强稻米品牌建设,实现产销对接。 相似文献
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为解析渍涝对花生根系形态特征的影响,以耐性品种湘花2008与敏感品种中花4号根系为研究材料,在自制根架系统内进行盆栽培养,于幼苗期分别进行0、3、6、9、12 d渍涝胁迫处理,通过根系的鲜（干）重以及显微和超微结构研究不同耐性花生品种根系形态特征的差异。结果表明,渍涝胁迫下中花4号根系受影响较大,随着淹水天数延长,根系颜色加深,臭味加重,而湘花2008仅根系中、上部根色变黄,臭味较轻,湘花2008根系鲜重耐渍系数高于中花4号。湘花2008出现了通气组织,且随着淹水时间增加,通气组织数量增加、横截面积加大;主根中段木质部基本保持正常,导管大体呈射线状分布。而中花4号未形成明显的通气组织,木质部和导管呈不规则分布。湘花2008主根细胞内的细胞核、线粒体虽受到影响,但仍能维持细胞活动,保持根系生长状态。中花4号细胞器受渍涝胁迫较敏感,加速衰老死亡。综上认为,渍涝胁迫下湘花2008根色和根味受影响较小,主根出现了通气组织,主根中段木质部与细胞中的细胞核、线粒体基本正常。而中花4号根色和根味受影响较重,未形成明显的通气组织,主根中段木质部和导管呈不规则分布,主根中段细胞中的细胞质溶解,线粒体异常... 相似文献
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儿茶素具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗炎和免疫调节等功能,是茶叶中含量丰富的一类生物活性物质。由于酚羟基的高活泼性导致儿茶素在生物体外及体内极易失去活性,致使其在生物体内利用度不高。近年来,纳米生物技术的发展有望通过配体设计、精准合成和智能调控等策略解决儿茶素低生物利用度的难题,并拓展其在生命健康领域中的应用。综述了近几年儿茶素生物医用纳米材料的研究进展,重点阐述了儿茶素生物医用纳米材料的抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗炎、药物递送和抗病毒等活性,对儿茶素生物医用纳米材料的构建和生物作用机制进行了探讨,并对儿茶素新材料设计及其应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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主栽品种龙眼生物学性状及营养累积特点 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在华南龙眼主产区挖取16~17 a成熟期中高产石硖、储良、福眼和松风本龙眼（Dimocarpus longan Lour.）各1株,调查树体生物学性状,探讨养分元素在树体的累积和分配。结果显示,4株龙眼地上部树体生物量平均为264.3 kg（鲜重）,果实、叶片和树干分别占地上部生物量的28.4%、12.3%和59.3%。在果实成熟期,叶片、树干、根系和果皮均以Ca含量最高,果肉以K含量最高,果核N含量最高。为生产50 kg果实,龙眼地上部需吸收N 668.6 g、P 102.0 g、K 461.6 g、Ca 1310.4 g、Mg 80.7 g、S 43.3 g、Si 63.8 g、Fe 20.1 g、Mn 5.8 g、Cu 349.9 mg、Zn 1245.9 mg、B 849.5 mg和Mo 8.7 mg。Ca是龙眼最重要的营养元素。收获50 kg龙眼果实,带走养分量为N 167.8 g、P 23.1 g、K 156.4 g、Ca 57.0 g、Mg 12.6 g、S 8.4 g、Si 0.7 g、Fe 0.7 g、Mn 0.4 g、Cu 110.5 mg、Zn 155.6 mg、B 125.3 mg和Mo 1.6 mg。为维持立地土壤养分肥力及龙眼植株正常生长,果实带走养分量应为翌年施肥量的下限。对生产中因营养问题引起的龙眼叶片缺素和果实生长异常现象进行讨论后,建议今后加强龙眼Ca、Mg、Si和B营养的研究。 相似文献
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为了解建兰花色多样性及其形成机理,对58个建兰品种的萼片进行了颜色表型分析和色素成分初步分析。结合目测分析、比色卡比色以及色差仪测色,将58个建兰品种的萼片分为4大色系,分别为紫红色系、红色系、黄绿色系和白色系。选择各色系的代表品种进行显色反应、类黄酮特征颜色反应和紫外-可见光谱扫描,分析不同花色系的建兰萼片中含有的色素成分。结果表明：白色系萼片中色素成分较为单一,不含叶绿素和类胡萝卜素,有黄酮类化合物存在;紫红色系和红色系的萼片所含的主要色素成分为类黄酮化合物和花色素苷;黄绿色系萼片所含色素种类最多,包括叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和黄酮类化合物等。该试验为建兰花色素成分的进一步研究以及建兰花色的形成机理奠定了理论基础,同时为建兰色花品种培育提供了参考。 相似文献
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Bacteria growing inside biofilms are more resistant to hostile environments, conventional antibiotics, and mechanical stresses than their planktonic counterparts. It is estimated that more than 80% of microbial infections in human patients are biofilm-based, and biofouling induced by the biofilms of some bacteria causes serious ecological and economic problems throughout the world. Therefore, exploring highly effective anti-biofilm compounds has become an urgent demand for the medical and marine industries. Marine microorganisms, a well-documented and prolific source of natural products, provide an array of structurally distinct secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities. However, up to date, only a handful of anti-biofilm natural products derived from marine microorganisms have been reported. Meanwhile, it is worth noting that some promising antifouling (AF) compounds from marine microbes, particularly those that inhibit settlement of fouling invertebrate larvae and algal spores, can be considered as potential anti-biofilm agents owing to the well-known knowledge of the correlations between biofilm formation and the biofouling process of fouling organisms. In this review, a total of 112 anti-biofilm, anti-larval, and anti-algal natural products from marine microbes and 26 of their synthetic analogues are highlighted from 2000 to 2021. These compounds are introduced based on their microbial origins, and then categorized into the following different structural groups: fatty acids, butenolides, terpenoids, steroids, phenols, phenyl ethers, polyketides, alkaloids, flavonoids, amines, nucleosides, and peptides. The preliminary structure-activity relationships (SAR) of some important compounds are also briefly discussed. Finally, current challenges and future research perspectives are proposed based on opinions from many previous reviews. 相似文献