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为了解保定市兽医社会化服务机构建设现状,完善兽医社会化公共服务职能,通过深入辖区内动物诊疗机构、规模养殖场、大专院校等单位进行调研,梳理了保定市在兽医公益性服务、兽医经营性服务等兽医社会化服务体系发展的概况。认为应通过全面加强公共服务体系建设,引导兽医社会化服务力量发展等措施,积极推进社会化服务体系建设;指出保定市面临公益性服务经费和保障力度不足、畜牧生产一线难以吸引年轻力量、执业兽医脱离畜牧生产一线严重的发展难题;为此提出了做好顶层设计、寻求有关部门与大型企业集团的有机结合、完善人才选用机制、提高乡村兽医服务能力等发展建议。 相似文献
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随着各涉农区机构改革基本完成,天津市基层兽医防疫体系发生了重大变化,新形势下基层动物防疫工作仍存在困难和挑战。本文从乡镇兽医防疫人员、村级防疫员两个方面对天津市基层兽医人员基本情况进行了调研,总结分析了基层兽医防疫体系存在的管理体制不畅、基层防疫人员待遇普遍较低、基层兽医技术服务体系不完善等问题。最后,从深入贯彻新修订的《动物防疫法》、稳定村级防疫员队伍、加强基层畜牧兽医人员培训、完善基层设施建设、推进社会化服务等5个方面提出了具体意见和建议,以期为其他地区增强基层兽医防疫体系建设提供参考。 相似文献
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基层畜牧兽医技术推广机构是国家最基层的公益性农技服务推广机构,在畜牧业和农村经济发展中发挥着举足轻重和不可替代的地位和作.为完善基层畜牧兽技术推广体系,加快推进现代畜牧业的稳定发展,北流市近年来积极完善基层畜牧兽医技术推广体系建设,推进畜牧业公共服务能力建设,为提升畜牧业科技服务畜牧业现代化能力作出了有益的探索. 相似文献
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牧区畜牧兽医服务体系是为牧区养殖业发展而服务的,主要包括良种繁育、畜禽诊治、疫情检测及重大动物疫病控制等服务。本文通过对甘南牧区基层畜牧兽医服务体系中存在的问题进行分析,提出相应的建议,旨在提高甘南牧区基层畜牧兽医服务水平,更好的服务广大农牧民,使甘南牧区得到更大更好的发展。 相似文献
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我县乡镇畜牧兽医站是基层动物防疫的主体力量,是各项动物防疫控制措施得以有效落实的关键,是政府为农牧民提供畜牧兽医技术公共服务的桥梁和纽带,动物防疫工作的好坏,政府提供畜牧兽医公共服务是否落实,关键在于乡镇畜牧兽医站体系是否完善和基层畜牧兽医队伍是否稳定,长期以来,乡镇畜牧兽医站体制不顺,队伍不稳,经费无保,人员老化等问题一直没有得到根本解决,通过2012年青南三州基层事业单位机构改革后,做为一个乡（镇）政府而言,职能机构齐全,服务全面,而做为人员缺少的乡镇兽医站来说,严重消弱了兽医防疫队伍,原本缺少机构,更是雪上加霜,给全县的基层动物防疫工作带来了严重的困难,特别是面临近几年来动物疫情高发、频发的严峻形势,基层兽医站的现状已经严重影响到全县动物防疫工作的正常开展。目前,结合我县动物防疫体系建设实际情况,浅谈完善基层兽医服务体系的建设,有利于促进畜牧业的健康发展。 相似文献
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当前畜牧兽医体系改革稳步推进。取得了较大进展,为畜牧部门职能发挥注入了生机和活力．但仍存在一些突出矛盾和问题,其中一个尴尬的现象是畜牧兽医系统尤其是基层畜牧兽医体系资源缺乏与浪费并存,这不利于畜牧兽医机构体系职能的进一步发挥和社会化服务技术体系的健康、快速发展。 相似文献
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《畜牧兽医科技信息》2020,(5)
本文以农村畜牧兽医服务体系现状及对策为主要阐述对象,结合目前农村畜牧兽医服务现状和农村畜牧兽医服务体系发展对策,首先分析了人才分配不均衡、基层兽医综合素质有待提升、医疗技术不足,其次从完善管理机制、以财政转移加大监督力度、转变筹资提升资金管理力度、合理分配人才等方面提出了一些可利性建议,其目的在于提升农村畜牧兽医公共服务体系的发展水平。 相似文献
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全面提升基层畜牧兽医技术人员服务能力是贯彻落实畜牧兽医政策法规、推广应用先进实用畜牧兽医技术,是确保畜牧业持续健康发展的基础。本文通过调查民勤县镇村畜牧兽医技术人员队伍现状,分析工作中存在的问题,提出了进一步提高基层畜牧兽医技术人员服务能力建设的对策建议,供相关组织机构和行业人员参考。 相似文献
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<正>近年来,民和县畜牧兽医服务体系建设工作在县委、县政府的重视支持和上级业务部门的帮助指导下,取得了很大成效,县、乡、村三级畜牧兽医服务体系基本健全,畜牧兽医服务在农民科学养畜、增加收入方面的作用更加突显。但由于受资金、人员等方面的制约,基层畜牧兽医服务与发展草畜产业、促进农民增收的新形势、新任务、新要求还不相适应,存在着许多不足和问题。为全面了解民和县基层畜牧兽医服务体系建设情况,县畜牧局组织人员,对2个乡镇兽医站、5个畜禽规模养 相似文献
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Pinard CL Weiss ML Brightman AH Fenwick BW Davidson HJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(1):104-108
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate lactoferrin and lysozyme content in various ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison. SAMPLE POPULATION: Tissues of ocular glands obtained from 15 bison and 15 cattle and tears collected from 38 bison. PROCEDURE: Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect lysozyme and lactoferrin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the ocular glands. Protein gel electrophoresis was used to analyze ocular glands and pooled bison tears by use of a tris-glycine gel and SDS-PAGE. Western blotting was used to detect lactoferrin and lysozyme. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining for lactoferrin was evident in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison and the deep gland of the third eyelid (Harder's gland) in cattle. Equivocal staining for lactoferrin was seen for the Harder's gland in bison. An 80-kd band (lactoferrin) was detected via electrophoresis and western blots in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison, Harder's glands of cattle, and bison tears. An inconsistent band was seen in Harder's glands of bison. Lysozyme was not detected in the lacrimal gland of cattle or bison with the use of immunohistochemical analysis or western blots. Western blots of bison tears did not reveal lysozyme. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Distribution of lactoferrin and a lack of lysozyme are similar in the lacrimal gland of cattle and bison. Differences in other tear components may be responsible for variability in the susceptibility to infectious corneal diseases that exists between bison and cattle. 相似文献
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桑树的遗传变异特点及在品种选育中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国具有悠久的桑树栽培历史,拥有3 000余份桑树种质资源,分属15个桑种和4个变种,并逐渐形成适应不同生长环境的8个生态类型。依据已有的研究结果,综述桑树遗传变异的特点包括:广泛分布、自然有性杂交和异花授粉以及缺乏稳定性选择等,促进了桑树的突变发生,形成遗传变异的多样性;无性繁殖方式产生了丰富的无性系变异;性状遗传值中非加性效应占有较大比例;无性系品种间杂种一代存在复杂的多样性分离和经济性状的普遍退化;存在丰富的多倍体系列和普遍的混倍现象等。对桑树品种选育研究提出建议:基于桑树的高度杂合习性,不仅要重视研究不同品种中加性效应在遗传值中所占比率,更要研究非加性效应所占比率及充分利用的方法;基于桑树遗传变异的多样性和丰富的无性系变异,加强无性系和田间选优育种;利用桑树混倍现象,将培育多倍体特别是三倍体品种作为一条有效的多倍体育种途径。 相似文献
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Siamudaala VM Bwalya JM Munang'andu HM Munag'andu HM Sinyangwe PG Banda F Mweene AS Takada A Kida H 《The Japanese journal of veterinary research》2006,54(1):15-23
Anthrax is endemic in Western and North-western Provinces of Zambia. The disease occurs throughout the year and impacts negatively on the economy of the livestock industry and public health in Zambia. During 1989-1995, there were 1626 suspected cases of anthrax in cattle in Western province and of these 51 were confirmed. There were 220 cases of human anthrax cases in 1990 alone and 248 cases during 1991-1998 with 19.1% and 7.7% case fatality rates, respectively. Interplay of the ecology of affected areas and anthropogenic factors seem to trigger anthrax epidemics. Anthrax has drawn considerable attention in recent years due to its potential use as a biological weapon. In this paper, the history, current status and approaches towards the control of the disease in Zambia are discussed. Quarantine measures restrict trade of livestock and exchange of animals for draught power resulting in poor food security at household levels. Challenges of anthrax control are complex and comprise of socio-political, economical, environmental and cultural factors. Inadequate funding, lack of innovative disease control strategies and lack of cooperation from stakeholders are the major constraints to the control of the disease. It is hoped that the information provided here will stimulate continued awareness for the veterinary and medical authorities to maintain their surveillance and capabilities against the disease. This may lead to a culminating positive impact on livestock and human health in the southern African region. 相似文献
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The study deals with the situation regarding housing of dogs and cats in Swiss shelters and kennels. In shelters, dogs were mainly held inside a cubicle with a small outside yard. In kennels, housing of dogs took place mainly in inside rooms. Usually two or three dogs were kept together. Cats were held in rooms, with or without outside yards, mainly in groups; no establishment preferred exclusively the housing in cubicles. Shelters received on average 183 dogs and 262 cats each year. Among them, about a third were lost animals while the remaining ones were relinquished. The study highlights some possibilities for improvements and the great diversity of the establishments regarding their size, infrastructure, housing conditions and aims. 相似文献
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b. bengtsson s-o. jacobsson j. luthman & a. franklin 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1997,20(4):258-261
Concentrations of penicillin-G in serum were determined after single intravenous doses of potassium penicillin-G (10 mg/kg body wt) to ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation. Penicillin-G in serum was analysed by a microbiological method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by model-independent methods. Serum concentrations were lower in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. The differences were statistically significant at most sampling times in ewes but only during the first hour in cows.
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug. 相似文献
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug. 相似文献
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Ismail Saidi Selemani Lars Olav Eik Øystein Holand Tormod Ådnøy Ephraim Mtengeti Daniel Mushi 《Livestock Science》2013,157(1):173-183
The study was conducted to assess the effects of seasonal variation in the quality and quantity of pasture and management of livestock exclosures (ngitili) on the grazing behavior of cattle and goats. The study was 2×2×2 factorial design with three independent variables: season (Dry or Rainy), ngitili management (Private or Communal) and animal species (Cattle or Goats). Focal and scan observation methods were used to record different behavioral activities. Vegetation attributes from the study areas were measured in two consecutive seasons. Most key forage species had significant higher crude protein (CP) content and in vitro organic matter digestibility (INVOMD) in rainy than in dry season (P<0.05), but Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) did not vary significantly with season (P>0.05). ADF and NDF were significantly higher in species from communal ngitili than those from private ngitili (P<0.05). Above-ground herbaceous biomass and bulk density (BD) were significantly higher in the rainy season and in the private ngitili than in the dry season and in the communal ngitili respectively. Cattle and goats spent considerably more time grazing and browsing respectively in the rainy season than in the dry season (P<0.05). Cattle foraging activities did not vary significantly (P>0.05) with ngitili management, but goats found to spend considerably more time browsing in the communal ngitili and more time grazing in the private ngitili (P<0.05). Despite the merits of stocking cattle and goats together in the heterogeneous pasture, seasonal variation in forage resources requires investigation of other strategies such as use of multipurpose trees and treatment of crop residues to improve livestock production. 相似文献
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兰州地区苜蓿和红豆草根际溶磷菌筛选及菌株部分特性研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用溶磷圈法对苜蓿和红豆草根际不同部位溶磷细菌进行了分离,共获得分离物386个,其中137个具有溶磷能力.苜蓿和红豆草根际不同部位溶磷菌数量分布有差异.其数量为RS>RP>NRS>HP.对筛选获得的12株溶磷圈较大的菌株进行菌落形态特征观察发现,大多数菌落呈灰白色或乳白色、不规则、半透明、边缘不整齐、突起、无光泽、无色素.进一步利用钼蓝比色法对菌株分解磷矿粉能力测定显示,各菌株分解磷矿粉能力差异较大,溶磷量最大为338.4mg/ml,最小为25.9mg/ml,这与其自身溶磷机制有关.溶磷量与菌株培养液pH值之间存在显著相关性.12株菌株大部分具有分泌IAA的能力,其中LM6和LH9分泌IAA能力较强. 相似文献