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1.
A total of 240 kale, 38 cabbage and 126 winter cauliflower French landraces from the B. oleracea genepool of INRA were assessed for resistance to clubroot caused by Plasmodiophora brassicaeWoron. Two French isolates of the pathogen (K and SJ) were used in the experiments under controlled conditions. The reaction
of the 126 cauliflower accessions to naturally occurring clubroot was also evaluated in field trials. Kales exhibited considerable
variation for expression of disease resistance and high levels of resistance were found in several accessions. In this group,
single resistant plants were observed in most of the morphological types and from quite different geographical origins. Cabbage
accessions were moderately to highly susceptible to both isolates. All cauliflower populations proved to be highly susceptible
to K isolate and moderately susceptible to SJ isolate. In field trials, cauliflowers were also severely infected. Two lines
selected from a resistant kale population were highly resistant against a large range of pathotypes of the pathogen. These
lines presented a sufficient level of resistance to be directly useful in the breeding program in order to develop cauliflower
and broccoli hybrids resistant to clubroot.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
P. Crisp I. R. Crute R. A. Sutherland S. M. Angell K. Bloor H. Burgess P. L. Gordon 《Euphytica》1989,42(3):215-226
Summary About 1000 Brassica oleracea accessions were evaluated in glasshouse tests for response to Plasmodiophora brassicae (clubroot). Resistance was confirmed in some north and west European kales and cabbage. A new source of resistance in cabbage, from Eire, is reported. Most other accessions were highly susceptible but lower levels of susceptibility were observed in open pollinated Brussels sprouts and forms of south European cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli. Modern breeding (as in the production of hybrid cultivars) appears to have resulted in increased susceptibility in several crop types. The implications of these results for the exploitation of germplasm are discussed. 相似文献
3.
Summary Twenty three accessions of nine Portuguese cabbage and kale land races from different geographic origins were tested at the seedling stage for resistance to several important brassica diseases. Resistance to downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica), expressed as necrosis of the cotyledon mesophyll, was found in all the accessions. Type A resistance to cabbage yellows (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans race 1) was present in most of the landraces. Resistance to clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae race 6) was found in one accession of the Portuguese tree kale. High resistance to blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans) and white rust (Albuco candida) was not detected, although several accessions showed 20 to 30% of plants with intermediate expression of resistance. All Portuguese cole accessions were susceptible to blackrot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris). 相似文献
4.
Tests for antibiosis and antixenosis resistance to Rhopalosiphum padi L., the bird cherry-oat aphid, were conducted among four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and eight triticale (XTriticosecale Wittmack) accessions. Tests for antibiosis included measuring R. padi-population growth over 13 days, number of days to reproduction of individual R. padi, and number of aphid progeny produced in the first 7 days of adulthood. Antixenosis was measured in no-choice nymphiposition tests and in choice tests of host selection by winged R. padi. Three of seven triticale accessions limited R. padi populations relative to control accessions. Lower R. padi-population growth on N1185 and Okto Derzhavina could be explained partially by increased developmental times. Lower R. padi-population growth on triticale accessions N1185, N1186 and Okto Derzhavina could be explained at least partially by fewer aphid progeny on these accessions. Developmental time of R. padi on N1185 and Okto Derzhavina was greater than that on Stniism 3 triticale, identified previously as resistant to R. padi. There were less R. padi progeny on N1185 than on Stniism 3, and comparable numbers of R. padi progeny among N1186, Okto Derzhavina, and Stniism 3. None of the accessions limited nymphiposition by R. padi. Choice tests revealed heterogeneity in host selection by R. padi but an overall trend that triticale accessions Okto Derzhavina, N1185, N1186 and Stniism 3 were less preferred hosts than Arapahoe wheat. Relatively strong resistance in these triticale accessions warrant consideration of their future use in breeding programs for cereal-aphid resistance. 相似文献
5.
Jens Weibull 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):993-999
Summary Thirty-two accessions of Avena species and breeding lines were evaluated for resistance, primarily antibiosis, to the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) in greenhouse and growth room tests. The highest levels of resistance were found in A. barbata and in the perennial species A. macrostachya. One breeding line, Obee, was also found to have interesting resistance characters. Resistance in A. macrostachya is discussed in relation to perenniality. A different screening method for rapid testing of large collections of varieties is evaluated. 相似文献
6.
The greenbug, Schizaphis graminum(Rondani), the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), and the bird cherry oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi(L.), annually cause several million dollars worth of wheat production losses in Europe and the United States. In this study,
Triticum and Aegilops accessions from the Czech Research Institute of Crop Production and the Kansas State University Wheat Genetic Resources Center
were evaluated for resistance to these aphids. Accessions with aphid cross-resistance were examined for expression of the
antibiosis, antixenosis, and tolerance categories of resistance. Aegilops neglecta accession 8052 exhibited antibiotic effects toward all three aphids in the form of reduced intrinsic rate of increase (rm). The rm of greenbug (biotype I) on Ae. neglecta 8052 was significantly lower than that of greenbugs on plants of the susceptible U. S. variety Thunder bird. The rm of Russian wheat aphids was significantly lower on foliage of both Ae. neglecta 8052 and T. araraticum accession 168 compared to Thunderbird. The rm values of bird cherry oat aphids fed both Ae. neglecta 8052 and T. araraticum 168 were also significantly lower than those fed the susceptible accession T. dicoccoides 62. Neither Ae. neglecta 8052 or T. araraticum 168 exhibited tolerance to either greenbug biotype I or Russian wheat aphid. Preliminary data suggest that T. araraticum 168 may also possess tolerance to bird cherry oat aphid. New genes from Ae. neglecta 8052 and T. araraticum 168 expressing aphid antibiosis can be used to develop multiple aphid resistant wheat in the U. S. and Central Europe.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
The effect of different cole crops was studied on biological parameters of Pieris brassicae (L.) in the laboratory at 28 °C, 65% RH, and 12L:12D photoperiod. The results indicated that host plants significantly affected
the life history, i.e. survival of developmental stages, oviposition period, and sex ratio of P. brassicae. Comparative study on different host plant revealed that P. brassicae required a maximum of 40 days to complete generation on cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli. The survivorship and expectation
of life declined gradually with the advancement of age; the life expectancy of newly deposited eggs was 23.96 days while it
was 8.12 days at the time of adult emergence on cabbage. However, the fluctuations of mortality parameter were seen on all
the cole crops. On cabbage, 100% hatching of eggs with low larval mortality were noticed. The highest net reproductive rate
(R0) occurred on cauliflower, i.e. 27.1 followed by cabbage 24.89, females per female per generation. Intrinsic rate of increase
(rm), was found to be highest (0.09558954) on cauliflower followed by broccoli and cabbage, 0.078886 and 0.077551 females per
female per day, respectively. The smallest rm (0.059469 females per female per day) occurred on radish which shows that P. brassicae did not perform well on radish. In addition, P. brassicae may double in 7.2 days on cauliflower, 8.7 days on broccoli, and 8.9 days on cabbage. The sex ratio was computed as 1.5:1,
female:male, respectively on cabbage. 相似文献
8.
Summary The past 25 years, 1686 potato accessions, representing 100 species in the genus Solanum L., subgenus Potatoe, section Petota, were evaluated for field resistance to one or more of the following insect pests: green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer); potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas); Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say); potato flea beetle, Epitrix cucumeris (Harris); and potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris). Accessions highly resistant to green peach aphid were identified within 36 species, to potato aphid within 24 species, to Colorado potato beetle within 10 species, to potato flea beetle within 25 species, and to potato leafhopper within 39 species. Resistance levels were characteristic within Solanum species. Insect resistance appears to be a primitive trait in wild potatoes. Susceptibility was most common in the primitive and cultivated Tuberosa. Insect resistance was also characteristic of the most advanced species. The glycoalkaloid tomatine was associated with field resistance to Colorado potato beetle and potato leafhopper. Other glycoalkaloids were not associated with field resistance at the species level. Dense hairs were associated with resistance to green peach aphid, potato flea beetle, and potato leafhopper. Glandular trichomes were associated with field resistance to Colorado potato beetle, potato flea beetle, and potato leafhopper. Significant correlations between insect score and altitude of original collection were observed in six of thirteen species. Species from hot and arid areas were associated with resistance to Colorado potato beetle, potato flea beetle, and potato leafhopper. Species from cool or moist areas tended to be resistant to potato aphid.Abbreviations EBN
Endosperm Balance Number 相似文献
9.
P. Crisp 《Euphytica》1982,31(3):725-734
Summary A hypothetical scheme is given for the evolution of the different types of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.). This has been useful in identifying sources of reduced susceptibility to cabbage root fly (Delia radicum (L.)), and may also be useful in the search for reduced susceptibility to clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron.). It is argued that knowledge of the phylogeny of types within each crop species is of great importance in the exploitation of genetic resources. 相似文献
10.
Jens Weibull 《Euphytica》1994,78(1-2):97-101
Summary Accessions of Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum, the progenitor of cultivated barley, were screened in field and glasshouse trials for resistance to the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi. A few selected lines were furthermore hybridized with a modern barley variety and the resulting populations evaluated. High levels of resistance were found among some of the spontaneum accessions resulting in lower aphid growth rates (maximum reduction 57%). Segregation patterns among siblings in F2 populations were continuous, indicating the presence of several genes with possibly additive effects. The usefulness of H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum for breeding aphid resistant barley is discussed. 相似文献
11.
Summary Eighty-one accessions of three Lactuca species which showed no recognisable race specific resistance to Bremia lactucae when tested in the laboratory as seedlings, exhibited different degrees of susceptibility when exposed to natural field infection. As a group, crisp genotypes had less mildew and a slower rate of disease development than other types of lettuce. Wild forms of Lactuca sativa and Lactuca serriola were particularly susceptible. In a further trial, the low field susceptibility of three lettuce cultivars (Iceberg, Batavia blonde de Paris and Grand Rapids) was confirmed. Disease development on cv. Iceberg was compared to that on the highly susceptible cv. Hilde in experiments where the two cultivars were grown either in close proximity or in isolation. The absolute level of attack on cv. Iceberg depended upon disease pressure and differences between the two types only became apparent approximately 8 wk after sowing. 相似文献
12.
A.M. Castro S. Ramos A. Vasicek A. Worland D. Giménez A.A. Clúa E. Suárez 《Euphytica》2001,118(3):321-330
Two sets of intervarietal chromosome substitution lines in the recipient,susceptible cultivar ‘Chinese Spring’ were screened
to identify the wheat chromosomes involved with antixenosis, antibiosis and tolerance resistance to greenbug and Russian wheat
aphid. The amphiploid ‘Synthetic’ and the cultivar ‘Hope’ were the donor parents. Antixenosis, antibiosis and tolerance were
evaluated with conventional tests in controlled environmental conditions using a clone of greenbug biotype C and a clone of
RWA collected on wheat. Antixenosis against greenbug was accounted for by several chromosomes in both sets of substitution
lines with chromosome 2B contributing the highest level of this type of resistance. The highest levels of antixenosis against
RWA were associated with the group of chromosomes 7 of the substitutions CS/Syn set and the chromosome substitutions 2B, 6A
and 7D of the CS/Hope set. Antibiosis against both aphids species was accounted for by several different chromosomes. The
highest levels of antibiosis for most of RWA resistance traits were recorded from the 1B substitution line of the CS/Hope
set. More than one gene appears to determine antibiosis. Tolerance to both greenbug and the RWA was significantly associated
with chromosomes 1A,1D, and 6D in the CS/Syn set of substitutions. These lines showed enhanced plant growth under aphid infestation.
The highest levels of antixenosis, antibiosis and tolerance against the two aphid species occurred mostly in different substitution
lines. Consequently, the different types of resistance for both pests seem to be partially independent. Since different genes
seem to be involved in at least several traits of the resistance categories against the two aphid species, such genes could
be combined in new cultivars of wheat to broaden their genetic base of resistance against the greenbug and the RWA.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
Summary Microspore culture was shown to be applicable to a broad range of accessions belonging to six horticulturally important crop types of Brassica oleracea: broccoli, white cabbage, cauliflower, savoy cabbage, Brussels sprouts and curly kale. Of 64 accessions tested 86% were responsive. Large genotypic differences were found in number of embryos produced per flower bud, and in frequency and mode of regeneration of plants from embryos.
B. oleracea was characterized by a strong asynchrony of microspore development within single buds. Microspore populations optimal for culture contained a large proportion (10–40%) of binucleate pollen. An initial high temperature treatment was essential for microspore embryogenesis. Growth conditions of the donor plants during inflorescence formation were less critical. 相似文献
14.
Association of RFLP markers with trait loci affecting clubroot resistance and morphological characters in Brassica oleracea L. 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Summary Resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor. race 7, the causal agent of the disease clubroot, was examined in an F2 population of a cross between a clubroot resistant broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) and a susceptible cauliflower (B. oleracea var. botrytis). A genetic linkage map was constructed in the same population based on the segregation of 58 dispersed restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. Associations between the inheritance of RFLP marker genotypes and segregation for disease resistance, morphological and maturity characteristics were examined. For each triat examined, several chromosomal regions marked by RFLP probes appeared to contain trait loci, suggesting that each trait was under polygenic control. RFLP marker linkage to a major factor imparting dominance for clubroot resistance from the broccoli parent was observed in this population. Additionally, RFLP marker linkage to an independently segregating factor contributing clubroot resistance from the cauliflower parent was observed, indicating that it should be possible to use RFLP markers to facilitate selection of transgressive segregants having the combined resistance from both parental sources. In some instances, RFLP markers from the same or closely linked chromosomal regions were associated with both clubroot resistance and morphological traits. Analysis of RFLP marker genotypes at linked loci should facilitate the selection of desired disease resistant morphotypes. 相似文献
15.
The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, is a pest of soybean [Glycine max L. (Merrill)] in Asia, and its recent establishment in North America has led to large, recurring outbreaks that have challenged
pest management practitioners there to seek environmentally responsible means for its control. Growth-chamber experiments
were conducted to determine and characterize host-plant resistance among several soybean accessions. Soybean plants were first
screened for resistance by rating the population growth of A. glycines in two tests. All plants of PI 230977 and 25% of PI 71506 plants were resistant (≤100 aphids per plant) in the first screening
test. All ‘Dowling’, PI 71506 and PI 230977 were resistant (≤150 aphids per plant), and 50% of plants of line ‘G93-9223’ were
resistant in the second test. Follow-up experiments showed that antixenosis was a modality of resistance based on reduced
nymphiposition by A. glycines on Dowling, PI 230977 and PI 71506 in no-choice tests and on fewer numbers of A. glycines on Dowling, PI 230977, PI 71506 and G93-5223 in distribution tests. Antixenosis in Dowling and PI 230977 was stronger in
the unifoliolate leaves than in other shoot structures, whereas distribution of A. glycines within plants of PI 71506 and G93-5223 suggested comparable suitability between unifoliolate leaves and other shoot structures
of these accessions. Antibiosis to A. glycines was evident as a lower proportion of aphids that reproduced on PI 230977 and from fewer progeny on PI 230977 and Dowling
than on 91B91. The number of days from birth to reproduction by A. glycines did not differ among accessions. Results confirmed Dowling and PI 71506 as strong sources of resistance to A. glycines. The levels of antixenosis and antibiosis to A. glycines in PI 230977 and antixenosis to A. glycines in G93-9223 suggest that these accessions may also be valuable to soybean breeding programs as sources of resistance. 相似文献
16.
A. M. Castro L. M. Martin A. Martín H. O. Arriaga N. Tobes L. B. Almaraz 《Plant Breeding》1994,112(2):151-159
Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) is a serious pest of cultivated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and resistance is only available in other related species such as Hordeum chilense. Amphiploids between H. chilense and Triticum spp. have been obtained, and addition lines of H. chilense in wheat have been developed. Thirty-five accessions of H. chilense were screened to identify greenbug antixenosis, antibiosis and tolerance. Antixenosis was determined in a conventional host free choice test; antibiosis was measured by aphid life cycle and fecundity rate, and tolerance was tested in a conventional infestation test of 4 weeks. Two commercial barley cultivars were used as susceptible and resistant controls. Eight H. chilense accessions showed higher degrees of antixenosis than the resistant check, 19 were similar and the rest were lower. All accessions were more resistant than the susceptible check. Measured by aphid life cycle, 22 H. chilense accessions showed higher antibiosis than the resistant cv., and all exhibited a higher antibiotic effect on fecundity rates than the control. A similar degree of tolerance to that of the resistant control was observed in six accessions, the remaining entries ranged between the controls. The presence of one mechanism did not exclude the existence of other mechanisms in the same entry and therefore, independence of the different mechanisms is proposed. Most of the accessions showed higher variability than both controls for the three mechanisms, and it appears to be genetic variability within entries for the three mechanisms. 相似文献
17.
Sequence databases were screened to identify simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in Brassica oleracea sequences. A total of 512 B. oleracea DNA sequences were screened and 43 potential SSRs were identified. Thirty-six primer pairs were designed to amplify target sequences. Of the 36 primer pairs, six failed to amplify fragments of expected sizes, and 17 primer pairs failed to generate polymorphisms. Thirteen SSRs were used to assess genetic similarity between 54 B. oleracea cultivars, belonging to 3 variteal groups (cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli). Pairwise genetic similarities were calculated for cultivars, and a dendrogram of relationships was produced. All cabbage cultivars were distinguished from each other and clustered in two separate groups. Five cauliflower cultivars could not be distinguished with SSR markers used in the study. Three broccoli cultivars clustered with cauliflower cultivars, and two cauliflower cultivars grouped with broccoli cultivars. The varietal group with the narrowest genetic variation in the study was cauliflower (B. oleracea var. botrytis) followed by broccoli (B. oleracea var. italica) and cabbage (B. oleracea var. capitata) groups. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values and number of alleles produced per marker ranged between 0.25 to 0.86 and 1 to 8, respectively, for database derived SSR markers. 相似文献
18.
Jens Weibull 《Euphytica》1987,36(2):571-576
Summary Twenty-seven accessions of Hordeum species and interspecific hybrids were screened in a growth chamber for resistance against the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi. Resistance measurement was based on the aphids' population growth during a 16-day period. The mean number of nymphs produced per female was only about 14% of that on the control cv. Tellus. H. bogdani was the most resistant accession. As a group, interspecific F1-hybrids with common barley (H. vulgare × H. sp.) held an intermediate position. Differences in resistance between hybrids as well as between species (H. jubatum and H. lechleri) were observed. The most resistant species were all diploids. No effects of the host plant on formation of alatae or on the within-plant distribution of aphids were found. 相似文献
19.
Spodoptera litura (Fabr.), the tobacco caterpillar, is a major defoliator on sunflower in the tropics. Genetic variability for resistance to
S. litura is limited in the cultivar germplasm of sunflower. In the present investigation, 43 accessions of 17 wild Helianthus species of the annual and perennial habit groups were evaluated along with cultivated sunflower under field and no-choice
conditions in the laboratory for resistance to this pest. Under field conditions, H. occidentalis and H. argophyllus were found to be immune with no leaf damage and few accessions of the species belonging to section Divaricati were found
to be resistant. Laboratory bioassays against neonate, two and 4-day-old larvae confirmed resistance both in terms of high
larval mortality and low larval weight gain in eight species viz., H. occidentalis, H. argophyllus, H. tuberosus, H. maximiliani, H. mollis, H. simulans, H. divaricatus and H. hirsutus. Intra-accessional variability was observed and accessions of few species showed varied reaction (resistant, partially resistant
to susceptible) to the target pest. Field evaluation of 224 backcross derived inbred lines from five cross combinations involving
diploid species under high natural pest incidence revealed low damage in plants derived from crosses involving H. argophyllus and H. petiolaris. 相似文献
20.
Summary Seventeen unreplicated field trials over nine sites and four years were used to classifyPisum germplasm (P. sativum L. &P. fulvum Sibth. & Sm) as potential sources of resistance to the pea weevil,Bruchus pisorum (L.). The emergence of adult weevils from <10% of harvested seed was used as the selection criterion to indicate possible resistance. A total of 1900Pisum accessions were assessed using the field trials and 1754 of theP. sativum accessions were eliminated. However in the 18P. fulvum accessions screened, the level of infestation by pea weevil was always below the arbitrary resistance threshold selected. This suggests thatP. fulvum accessions could be a valuable source of resistance to the pea weevil. 相似文献