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1.
Oxisols cover ≈ 23% of the land surface in the tropics and are utilized extensively for agricultural purposes in the tropical countries. Under the variable input types of agricultural systems practiced locally, some of these soils still appear to have problems in terms of proper soil classification and subsequently hinder attempts to implement sustainable agro‐management protocols. The definition for Oxisols in Soil Survey Staff (1999) indicates that additional input is still required to refine the definition in order to resolve some of the outstanding classification problems. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the properties of some Oxisols and closely related soils in order to evaluate the classification of these soils. Soils from Brazil, several countries in Africa, and Malaysia were used in this study. Field observations provided the first indication that some of the presently classified kandi‐Alfisols and kandi‐Ultisols were closer to Oxisols in terms of their properties. Water‐retention differences and apparent CEC of the subsurface horizons also supported this idea. The types of extractable Fe oxides and external specific surface areas of the clay fractions showed that many kandic horizons have surface properties that are similar to the oxic horizons. Micromorphology indicated that the genetic transition from the argillic to the oxic involves a diminishing expression of the argillic. Properties, such as CEC, become dominant. The kandic horizon is therefore inferred as a transition to the oxic horizon. It is proposed that the Oxisols be keyed out based only on the presence of an oxic horizon and an iso–soil temperature regime. The presence of a kandic horizon will be reflected at lower levels in Oxisols. The Oxisols will now be exclusive to the intertropical belt with an iso–soil temperature regime. The geographic extend of the Oxisols would increase and that of kandi‐Alfisols and Ultisols would decrease. A few kandi‐Alfisols and Ultisols in the intertropical area will have low CEC which would fail the weatherable mineral contents. The kandic subgroups of some Alfisols and Ultisols will be transitional between the low (< 16 cmolc [kg clay]–1)‐ and high (> 24 cmolc [kg clay]–1)‐activity clay soils. The proposed changes to classification will contribute to a better differentiation of the landscape units in the field. Testing of the proposed classification on some Malaysian soils showed that the new definition for Oxisols provides a better basis for the classification of the local soils and the development of meaningful soil‐management groups for plantations. 相似文献
2.
J.G. Bruce 《Geoderma》1983,31(4):301-323
The soil patterns of the six larger islands of the Southern Cook Group in the South Pacific are described. Classification is according to Soil Taxonomy, and six soil orders are recognised: Oxisols, Ultisols, Mollisols, Alfisols, Inceptisols and Entisols, which are further subdivided into 12 suborders, 15 great groups, and 25 subgroups. Classification to series level is outlined in tabular form. The soil pattern on individual islands is basically one of concentricity. The older, more weathered soils (Oxisols and Ultisols) occur on remnant surfaces and grade with either decreasing altitude or age of land surface to Alfisols, Mollisols, Inceptisols, and Entisols, respectively. Many of the soils associated with the coralline makateas have shallow contacts to the underlying limestone and have been separated in lithic subgroups. 相似文献
3.
Anabella Tilano Bautista-Tulin Angelina Mariano Briones Katsuhiro Inoue 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):383-387
In soils, next to nitrogen, phosphorus (P) is the second major growth-limiting factor for plants (Fox 1979). It is probably the most deficient soil-derived plant nutrient in Oxisols, Ultisols, acid Alfisols, and Andisols and the proper development of crops is frequently impossible without the application of P. P deficiency is a major nutritional problem in variable charge soils, especially the Andisols, where applied P is usually converted into an unavailable form. The P added to Andisols in fertilizers is readily sorbed to form noncrystal-line aluminum phosphate materials (Nanzyo 1987). Most uncultivated Andisols also show a very low P fertility and very low recovery of applied P fertilizers by crops (Shoji et al. 1993). In fact, P fixation is one of the growth-limiting factors for crops cultivated in Brazil (Fageria and Filho 1987). 相似文献
4.
为了探讨黄土丘陵区自然植被恢复过程中土壤微生物学质量演变特征,用时空互代法对燕沟和县南沟典型小流域自然植被恢复下5个演替阶段（退耕1~6 a、7~17 a、18~35 a、36~60 a、> 60 a）土壤养分含量、微生物量和酶活性进行了研究。结果表明:随着地区植被退耕后自然演替的推进,土壤有机碳、全氮、有效氮与有效钾含量持续增加,土壤全磷含量在不同植被演替阶段变化不明显,有效磷含量在植被演替至多年生草本阶段（18~35 a）时含量最低;土壤细菌约占土壤微生物量的65%左右,且其数量在植被演替至多年生草本阶段时最多,土壤真菌和放线菌随退耕年限的延长呈现不断增加的趋势;土壤碱性磷酸酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性也随着植被自然演替的推进呈不断增加趋势,但脲酶和蔗糖酶在植被演替至灌木阶段（36 a）后增速放缓。相关性分析表明,自然恢复过程中土壤微生物数量与酶活性的提高程度比较一致,其与土壤养分关系密切,因此土壤微生物群落与土壤酶活性是反映植被恢复中土壤生物学质量变化的重要指标。 相似文献
5.
生态修复是南方红壤丘陵区土地退化治理的有效手段之一,但现有研究较少关注土壤动物在生态修复过程中的作用。以退化的赤红壤为研究对象,基于盆栽试验,采用全因子设计方法模拟多种生态系统(裸土vs.黑麦草)×蚯蚓(不接种vs.接种蚯蚓)×水分(湿润vs.干旱),以揭示蚯蚓对干旱条件下退化土壤植被修复前后土壤理化性质和植被生产力的调控作用。结果表明：蚯蚓显著提高了湿润和干旱条件下黑麦草生物量。蚯蚓对土壤有机碳影响不显著,蚯蚓活动提高了裸土生态系统土壤总氮、硝态氮、铵态氮含量,以及黑麦草生态系统土壤速效磷含量。干旱胁迫降低黑麦草生物量,对土壤有机碳影响不显著,但显著改善蚯蚓存在土壤的pH值。黑麦草生物量与土壤总磷、硝态氮、铵态氮和速效磷显著正相关。偏最小二乘路径分析表明蚯蚓活动显著提高土壤全量和速效养分含量,湿润条件下速效养分对植被生物量具有显著正效应,干旱条件下其作用不显著。综上,蚯蚓活动改善土壤肥力状况,促进植被生长,蚯蚓活动可缓解干旱对植被生长的不利影响。研究结果对深入认识蚯蚓对生态系统作用具有重要意义,为退化土地生态修复管理提供科学依据。 相似文献
6.
Low supply of nutrients is a major limitation of forage adaptation and production in acid soils of the tropics. A glasshouse study was conducted to find differences in plant growth, nutrient acquisition and use, among species of tropical forage grasses (with C4 pathway of photosynthesis) and legumes (with C3), when grown in two acid soils of contrasting texture and fertility. Twelve tropical forage legumes and seven tropical forage grasses were grown in sandy loam and clay loam Oxisols at low and high levels of soil fertility. After 83 days of growth, dry matter distribution among plant leaves, stems, and roots, leaf area production, shoot and root nutrient composition, shoot nutrient uptake, and nutrient use efficiency were measured. Soil type and fertility affected biomass production and dry matter partitioning between roots and shoots. The allocation of dry matter to root production was greater with low soil fertility, particularly in sandy loam. The grasses responded more than the legumes to increased soil fertility in both shoot and root biomass production. Leaf area production and the use of leaf biomass for leaf expansion (specific leaf area) were greater in legumes than in grasses, irrespective of soil type and fertility. But soil type affected shoot biomass production and nutrient uptake of the grasses more than those of the legumes. There were significant interspecific differences in terms of shoot nutrient uptake. The grasses were more efficient than legumes in nutrient use (grams of shoot biomass produced per gram of total nutrient uptake) particularly for nitrogen (N) and calcium (Ca). 相似文献
7.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(17):2507-2513
Deficiency of micronutrients is increasing in crop plants in recent years in Oxisols and Ultisols in the tropics. The predominant soils in the coastal tablelands of Brazil are Ultisols and Oxisols, with low cation exchange capacity and kaolinitic clay mineralogy. Soil copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) extracted by the Mehlich 1 solution, currently used in the regional soil-testing laboratories, were compared with those extracted by the Mehlich 3 and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) solutions in a greenhouse experiment with 10 soil samples (0–20 cm deep) collected from representative Ultisols and Oxisols from various locations in the region. Corn was grown as a test crop, and its dry matter and micronutrient uptake was measured at 30 days of growth. Soil Cu, Mn, and Zn extracted with the three solutions were significantly correlated (0.65–0.95 range for r values), with the Mehlich 3 solution extracting greater quantities than the Mehlich 1 and DTPA solutions. Zinc and Cu taken up by corn plants were significantly related to their soil-extractable levels measured at harvest with all three of the solutions, except for Zn DTPA. However, similar relations between plant uptake and soil extractable Mn were poor, except for DTPA extracting solution. 相似文献
8.
广西喀斯特地区植被演替对土壤质量的影响 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
以植被演替空间序列代替时间序列的方法,在野外选取广西喀斯特地区4个主要植物群落演替阶段即草地、灌草地、灌丛、乔林的典型样地,对土壤物理、化学和生物学性状进行了比较研究,以探讨植被演替对土壤质量的影响。结果表明:不同的植被演替导致了土壤物理、化学和生物学性质的显著差异。随演替的正向进行,土壤综合肥力指标值(Q I)呈增长趋势,其土壤质量综合指数分别为:草地(0.09)、灌草地(0.16)、灌丛(0.61)、乔林(0.89)。自然植被的正向演替是提高土壤质量的有效途径。导致草地和灌草地土壤质量相对较低的主要因素是植物生产力较低,土壤养分积累较少,土壤有机质等养分含量较低,土壤微生物数量较少,土壤酶活较低。土壤微生物数量结合土壤酶是反映土壤生物学活性和土壤质量的较好指标。 相似文献
9.
以植被演替空间序列代替时间序列的方法,在野外选取广西喀斯特地区4个主要植物群落演替阶段即草地、灌草地、灌丛、乔林的典型样地,对土壤物理、化学和生物学性状进行了比较研究,以探讨植被演替对土壤质量的影响。结果表明：不同的植被演替导致了土壤物理、化学和生物学性质的显著差异。随演替的正向进行,土壤综合肥力指标值（Q I）呈增长趋势,其土壤质量综合指数分别为：草地（0.09）、灌草地（0.16）、灌丛（0.61）、乔林（0.89）。自然植被的正向演替是提高土壤质量的有效途径。导致草地和灌草地土壤质量相对较低的主要因素是植物生产力较低,土壤养分积累较少,土壤有机质等养分含量较低,土壤微生物数量较少,土壤酶活较低。土壤微生物数量结合土壤酶是反映土壤生物学活性和土壤质量的较好指标。 相似文献
10.
肥力水平对水稻苗期生长及氮素吸收同化的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过盆栽试验研究了不同肥力水平红壤水稻土种植条件下,水稻苗期生长及其N素吸收同化的差异.结果表明,在高肥力土壤中水稻的苗期生物量均显著高于低肥力土壤,主要表现为根生物量的差异,而且高肥力显著增加了水稻根数,但对水稻根冠比无显著影响.高土壤肥力对水稻N素吸收有显著促进作用,在一定程度上提高了水稻N素利用率,但并无显著影响.与低肥力红壤水稻土相比,水稻在高肥条件下叶片和根硝酸还原酶活性(NRA)和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性(GSA)均显著提高,显著促进水稻对N素的吸收同化.因此,适当提高和改善红壤水稻土肥力对红壤区水稻生长及N素营养具有重要意义. 相似文献
11.
The charge characteristics of A1 or Ap and B2 horizon samples of total 23 Ultisols, Alfisols and Oxisols in Korea and Thailand were studied by measuring the retention of NH4+ and NO3? at different pH values (4–8) and NH4NO3 concentrations (0.1–0.005 m ). The magnitude of their negative charge (σ?; meq/100g) was dependent on pH and NH4NO3 concentration (C; m ) as represented by a regression equation: log σ?=apH +blogC +c. The values of the coefficient a (0.04–0.226), b (0.03–0.264) and c (–0.676–1.262) were correlated with the kinds of the soil and horizon and with the region where the soil exists. The retention of NO3? was less than 1 and 2–3 meq/100 g for the A1 or Ap and B2 horizon samples, respectively. The sum of exchangeable base and Al (‘effective’ CEC) was close to and higher than the magnitude of permanent charge (=σ? measured at pH = 4.3 and at C = 0.005 m ) for one-third and two-thirds of samples, respectively. A σ? value of 16 meq/100 g clay at pH = 7 and C = 0.01 m was found appropriate to separate the B2 horizons of Thai Ultisols and Oxisols from those of Korean Ultisols and Alfisols. Korean Alfisols and Ultisols and Thai Ultisols were distinguished from each other on the status of exchangeable base and Al 相似文献
12.
不同有机物料培肥对渭北旱塬土壤微生物学特性及土壤肥力的影响 总被引：16，自引：4，他引：12
通过田间试验,研究了施用不同有机物料对渭北旱塬耕地土壤微生物学特性及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,化肥与不同有机物料配合施用,土壤微生物学特性［微生物量碳（MBC）、微生物量氮（MBN）、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶］以及部分土壤养分状况（全氮、速效磷、速效钾、阳离子交换量）比单施化肥处理均得到进一步改善。化肥配施秸秆堆肥处理效果最明显,其中微生物量碳增加了41.96%,微生物量氮增加了54.55%,脲酶活性增加了19.71%,碱性磷酸酶活性增加了7.35%,速效磷增加了63.12%;而且土壤微生物量碳、氮与速效磷、阳离子交换量呈显著正相关,微生物商（qMB）、脲酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性与全氮、速效氮、速效钾含量呈显著相关;同时SMBC、SMBN、qMB等与作物产量密切相关（相关系数分别为0.85,0.74,0.82）。因此,化肥配施秸秆堆肥处理在渭北旱地雨热条件下对于全面提升土壤质量具有重要的意义;同时该区域土壤中微生物量碳氮与土壤养分状况、作物产量具有很好的一致性,可以表征土壤肥力状况及生产力水平。 相似文献
13.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(21):2666-2681
Upland soils in the Amazon basin are often highly weathered and therefore possess low plant-available nutrient contents. Soil fertility is principally maintained by geochemical, biochemical, and biogeochemical processes. Within these processes, the soil microbial biomass is responsible for many of the cycles and transformations of nutrients in soils. The aim of this work was to evaluate the changes in soil fertility, in the form of nitrogen (N) and microbial activity, as indicators of the dynamic of carbon (C) with two extractants [irradiation extraction (IE) and IRGA methods], N, and phosphorus (P) in an upland soil area containing a dystrophic Yellow Latosol (Xanthic Ferralsol) in the western Amazon (Brazil) with succession of two plant covers (citrus or pasture) and management. The study was carried out in two chronosequences: primary forest followed by citrus plantations and primary forest followed by pasture. The results showed that pasture has greater capacity to accumulate organic C and total N than either primary forest or citrus plantation. Removing forest to introduce pasture or citrus plantations influences the soil fertility and microbial biomass of C, N, and P in the soil. Under the edaphoclimatic conditions, the irradiation extraction and IRGA methods all proved efficient in determining the soil microbial C activity. In addition, regardless of the depth of soil, the predominant N form is ammonium (NH4 +). 相似文献
14.
为了探究不同绿肥品种之间的生长差异及其翻压后对后茬水稻养分的影响，通过选取7种不同绿肥（紫云英、白三叶草、金花菜、光叶苕子、箭筈豌豆、油菜、二月兰），以冬闲田（CK）为对照，进行大田试验，分析不同绿肥品种的生长性状、土壤肥力和水稻的产量、养分、养分累积量等指标。结果表明：不同的绿肥作物品种存在着不同的生长差异，综合来看以光叶苕子、箭筈豌豆的生物量最高，分别为46.07 t/hm2、38.74t/hm2，二者养分含量及养分累积量显著高于其他绿肥品种，适合作为苏北地区种植的绿肥品种；种植绿肥具有提高土壤肥力的潜力，促进土壤养分累积，同时对改良土壤肥力具有积极的作用。箭筈豌豆翻压后的土壤pH比CK 高出0.71%，光叶苕子翻压后有机质含量、全氮含量比CK高出1.56%、8.86%；绿肥翻压后对水稻秸秆和籽粒的氮、磷、钾含量及其累积量有了显著的增加，其中以箭筈豌豆的综合效果最好，与CK相比，箭筈豌豆翻压后水稻秸秆全氮累积量、全磷累积量分别提高15.18%、14.98%，水稻籽粒全氮累积量、全钾累积量分别提高9.98%、15.02%，水稻地上部全氮总累积量、全磷总累积量分别提高14.75%、20.42%。综上，光叶苕子、箭筈豌豆的生物量、养分累积量较高，推荐作为该地区种植的绿肥品种；光叶苕子能够对土壤肥力有一定的提高，箭筈豌豆能够促进水稻养分含量及养分累积量。研究结果可为苏北地区绿肥的利用与推广提供理论依据。 相似文献
15.
中国东南部红壤地区不同植被对土壤侵蚀和土壤养分的影响 总被引：31，自引：0，他引：31
TIAN Guang-Ming WANG Fei-Er CHEN Ying-Xu HE Yun-Feng FU Qing-Lin S. KUMAR LIN Qi 《土壤圈》2003,13(2):121-128
The effect of different vegetation systems including bamboo plantation (BP), forest ecosystem (CF), citrus orchard (Ctr) and farmland (FL) on erosion and nutrients of red soil were investigated in hilly region of southeastern China to find effective control measures for soil erosion. The results showed that all the vegetation systems could significantly reduce soil erosion and nutrient losses compared to bare land (Br). The ability of different vegetation systems to conserve soil and water was in the order of Ctr > BP > CF > FL > Br. Vegetation could also improve soil fertility. The soil organic matter, total N and total P contents were much higher in all the vegetation systems than in bare land, especially for the top soils. Vegetation systems improved soil physical properties remarkably. Compared to the bare land, soil organic matter, TP, TK and available K, especially soil microbial biomass C, N and P, increased under all the vegetation covers. However, they were still much lower than expected, thus these biological measurements are still needed to be carried out continuously. 相似文献
16.
[目的]探索震损边坡林业治山工程后修复坡面不同季相、坡位等因素造成的土壤理化性质的差异,为评估边坡植被修复工程效果和指导工程因地制宜的管护方法提供理论依据。[方法]根据常规森林土壤测定方法对四川省北川县擂鼓镇震后边坡治理坡面检测土壤理化性质和土壤酶活性,并调查草本植物情况,解析土壤理化性质和酶活性时空变化与植被恢复效果的关系。[结果]土壤养分状况和植被恢复情况对季相和坡位响应不明显,与未受损自然边坡差异显著,表现出了微弱的向好趋势。[结论]在目前治理技术和养护条件下,土壤养分状况的改善与植被修复情况相辅相成,在后期管护过程中,要注意引导当地居民观念,减少无关人为干扰;适时监测工程固持水土能力;计划性补种植物并对经济作物种植区施放有机肥等,以促进坡面生态系统恢复。 相似文献
17.
Enzyme activities as affected by soil properties and land use in a tropical watershed 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《Applied soil ecology》2007,35(1):35-45
Enzyme activities play key roles in the biochemical functioning of soils, including soil organic matter formation and degradation, nutrient cycling, and decomposition of xenobiotics. Knowledge of enzyme activities can be used to describe changes in soil quality due to land use management and for understanding soil ecosystem functioning. In this study, we report the activities of the glycosidases (β-glucosidase, α-galactosidase, and β-glucosaminidase), acid phosphatase, and arylsulfatase, involved in C (C and N for β-glucosaminidase), P, and S cycling, respectively, as affected by soil order and land use within a watershed in north-central Puerto Rico (Caribbean). Representative surface soil (0–15 cm) samples were taken from 84.6% of the total land area (45,067 ha) of the watershed using a completely randomized design. The activity of α-galactosidase was greater in soils classified as Oxisols than in soils classified as Ultisols and Inceptisols, and it was not affected by land use. The activity of β-glucosidase was greater in Oxisols compared to the Inceptisols and Ultisols, and it showed this response according to land use: pasture > forest > agriculture. The activity of β-glucosaminidase was higher in Oxisols than the other soil orders, and it was higher under pasture compared to forest and agriculture. Acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase activities were greater in Oxisols and Ultisols than in Inceptisols, and they decreased in this order due to land use: forest = pasture > agriculture. As a group, β-glucosaminidase, β-glucosidase, and acid phosphatase activities separated the sites under forest and pasture from those under agriculture in a three-dimensional plot. Thus, enzyme activities in Inceptisols under agriculture could be increased to levels comparable to other soil orders with conservative practices similar to those under pasture and secondary forest growth. Our findings demonstrate that within this watershed, acid and low fertility soils such as Oxisols and Ultisols have in general higher enzyme activities than less weathered tropical soils of the order Inceptisols, probably due to their higher organic matter content and finer texture; and that the activities of these enzymes respond to management with agricultural practices decreasing key soil biochemical reactions of soil functioning. 相似文献
18.
ABSTRACT The endemic tree Acacia koa is used to reforest abandoned agricultural lands in Hawaii. Growth may be constrained by soil infertility and toxic concentrations of aluminum (Al) and manganese (Mn) in acidic Oxisols and Ultisols. The effects of phosphorus (P) fertilization at time of planting, soil type, and seed source on koa growth were studied for three years. Phosphorus, applied as triple superphosphate and at rates of at least 300 kg P ha?1, significantly increased height, basal stem diameter, crown volume, and aboveground wood biomass of trees from the local (Oahu) seed source, but not those from off island (Hawaii). Manganese toxicity in the Oxisol probably slowed growth of the off-site trees. The local seed source grew similarly in both soil types, but the survival rate was lower in the Ultisol, possibly due to its lower water-holding capacity. Increased growth due to fertilization suggested improved P status, but such improvement was not detected by foliar analysis. 相似文献
19.
黄土丘陵区铁杆蒿群落和长芒草群落地上生物量及土壤养分效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了明确黄土丘陵区典型植被演替过程中植被与土壤的互动效应,为植被恢复提供依据,采用野外调查和室内分析的实验方法,结合逐步回归和通径分析数据处理方法,研究该区铁杆蒿群落和长芒草群落随着恢复演替的进行,地上生物量、地下生物量、土壤养分的动态变化及其地上生物量与环境因子的关系,并对2种群落进行比较分析。结果表明:随着退耕年限的增加,铁杆蒿和长芒草群落的地上生物量、地下生物量呈逐渐增加的趋势;2种群落的土壤有机质和全氮也都呈增加的趋势,且同群落生物量的变化趋势步调基本一致;全磷和硝态氮也表现了总的增加趋势,但与生物量的变化趋势不太一致。逐步回归与通径分析表明,对铁杆蒿群落地上生物量影响较大的环境因子是有机质、黏粒质量分数和水分含量,其中有机质质量分数和水分含量表现为正效应,即生物量随有机质质量分数和土壤水分含量的增加而增大,土壤黏粒质量分数表现为负效应;对长芒草群落影响较大的是海拔、坡位、年限和全氮质量分数。 相似文献
20.
J. R. Salinas-García J. de J. Velzquez-García M. Gallardo-Valdez P. Díaz-Mederos F. Caballero-Hernndez L. M. Tapia-Vargas E. Rosales-Robles 《Soil & Tillage Research》2002,66(2):177-152
Quantifying how tillage systems affect soil microbial biomass and nutrient cycling by manipulating crop residue placement is important for understanding how production systems can be managed to sustain long-term soil productivity. Our objective was to characterize soil microbial biomass, potential N mineralization and nutrient distribution in soils (Vertisols, Andisols, and Alfisols) under rain-fed corn (Zea mays L.) production from four mid-term (6 years) tillage experiments located in central-western, Mexico. Treatments were three tillage systems: conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT) and no tillage (NT). Soil was collected at four locations (Casas Blancas, Morelia, Apatzingán and Tepatitlán) before corn planting, at depths of 0–50, 50–100 and 100–150 mm. Conservation tillage treatments (MT and NT) significantly increased crop residue accumulation on the soil surface. Soil organic C, microbial biomass C and N, potential N mineralization, total N, and extractable P were highest in the surface layer of NT and decreased with depth. Soil organic C, microbial biomass C and N, total N and extractable P of plowed soil were generally more evenly distributed throughout the 0–150 mm depth. Potential N mineralization was closely associated with organic C and microbial biomass. Higher levels of soil organic C, microbial biomass C and N, potential N mineralization, total N, and extractable P were directly related to surface accumulation of crop residues promoted by conservation tillage management. Quality and productivity of soils could be maintained or improved with the use of conservation tillage. 相似文献