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以高夫园林实业有限公司尔康苑滑草场建植与管理为例,概述了滑草场的建植和管理技术.滑草场草坪的建植主要包括基础调查、场地准备、选择草坪草草种和确定草种组合、草坪栽植过程和幼坪的养护管理5个主要环节;滑草场的管理主要包括草坪的水肥管理、病虫害管理以及常见杂草的防除等方面.总结分析了滑草场草坪的建植和管理技术及经验,并通过对草坪管理现状的连续监测结果,分析影响草坪质量的因素,提出相应对策,为今后滑草场的建植和管理提供参考. 相似文献
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对广州亚运会运动场草坪的坪床结构、建植水平、养护管理技术及草坪状况进行调查研究,系统客观地评价各个运动场草坪质量。调查发现,运动场草坪的基础坪床结构对运动场的使用质量有直接的影响,草坪的建植和养护水平与草坪状况和草坪质量有密切关系,草坪的养护管理水平比草坪建植水平对草坪状况有更大的影响;广州天然运动场草坪在草坪建植和养护管理方面的投入不够,如果加强和提高建植草坪的技术方法和措施,运动场草坪质量将会有很大的提高空间。此次研究结果能较全面和准确的反映运动场草坪使用质量,与实际情况相吻合。 相似文献
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为了解石质边坡人工植被建植初期群落的动态,依托实际工程,采用常规群落调查法,对高速公路石质边坡人工植被进行了为期1年的跟踪调查。结果表明,在观察期内,样地中共出现了47种植物,分属13科41属,主要为禾本科、豆科和菊科三大科草本植物;群落物种数量组成发生季节性变化,最大值出现在2009年9月,记录物种数21种,最小值出现在2010年2月,记录物种数5种。边坡群落中不同功能群植物分布结果表明,豆科植物表现出良好的适应性;植物生活型分布结果表明,多年生植物生长相对稳定;植被建植1年内黑麦草（Lolium perenne）始终占据明显优势;群落类型为黑麦草草本群落。群落物种呈均匀分布,没有分层现象;群落丰富度指数、Shannon Wiener指数和Simpson指数随季节波动变化,Pielou均匀度指数变化不明显;黑麦草重要值与群落物种丰富度指数、Shannon Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Pielou均匀度指数呈显著负相关。 相似文献
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狗牙根草坪草营养体建坪法研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在贵州气候条件下,以矮生“兰引I号”狗牙根的营养体为繁殖材料,采用4种建坪方法,从盖度变化、成坪时间、均一性等方面进行了综合对比试验。结果表明:埋茎法建植草坪质量最佳,适于高质量草坪的建植;分株法建植草坪成坪速度快,适于建植地块条件较差的中等质量草坪;撒茎法需大量水分保证、间铺草皮块法成坪速度慢,两者成坪质量都不高,且建植成本高,生产上建议不采用。 相似文献
6.
在贵州气候条件下,以矮生"兰引Ⅰ号"狗牙根的营养体为繁殖材料,采用4种建坪方法,从盖度变化、成坪时间、均一性等方面进行了综合对比试验.结果表明埋茎法建植草坪质量最佳,适于高质量草坪的建植;分株法建植草坪成坪速度快,适于建植地块条件较差的中等质量草坪;撒茎法需大量水分保证、间铺草皮块法成坪速度慢,两者成坪质量都不高,且建植成本高,生产上建议不采用. 相似文献
7.
大型公共绿地草坪建植与管理技术探讨 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以四川雅安市休闲音乐广场的草坪建植与管理为例,总结分析了亚热带气候、土壤条件下大型公共绿地草坪建植与管理技术及施工经验;并通过对草坪管理现状的连续监测结果,评价了草坪质量现状,分析了影响草坪质量的因素;提出了防止草坪退化的对策和措施。 相似文献
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以四川雅安市休闲音乐广场的草坪建植与管理为例,总结分析了亚热带气候、土壤条件下大型公共绿地草坪建植与管理技术及施工经验;并通过对草坪管理现状的连续监测结果,评价了草坪质量现状,分析了影响草坪质量的因素;提出了防止草坪退化的对策和措施. 相似文献
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2008年7-8月用样方法对科尔沁沙地通辽市及周边地区森林公园、高林屯、建国村和巴胡塔4个不同人工干扰地区的入侵种少花蒺藜草(Cenchrus pauciflorus)及其伴生种进行调查,分析了各地区物种组成、盖度、高度、密度、重要值及多样性指数,以阐明少花蒺藜草及其伴生种在科尔沁沙地的多样性分布格局。结果表明,少花蒺藜草在建国村的入侵程度最严重,而对森林公园样地的影响最小。少花蒺藜草入侵严重的样地物种相对较少,植被分布不均匀,植被盖度低,受人工干扰大且多样性指数降低。受人工干扰较少的生境系统在少花蒺藜草的入侵时更稳定。此外,植被分布方式与少华蒺藜草分布紧密相关。 相似文献
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Mechanical cutting and mastication of juniper trees aims to restore grassland habitat by reducing the density of encroaching woody species. However, the associated soil disturbance may also create conduits for invasive species, a risk that must be mitigated by land managers. We characterized herbaceous communities in treated and adjacent untreated areas in a piñon-juniper (Pinus edulis and Juniper monosperma) woodland in northern Arizona 2.5 years after treatment. Untreated plots had 4 × the herbaceous cover (82%) than treated plots (21%). Within treated plots, native species cover (19%) was 10 × higher than invasive species cover (2%). Furthermore, treated plots exhibited greater plant community variability and diversity than untreated plots, driven by an increase in the diversity of native grasses and non-native forbs. No new recruits were Arizona listed noxious weeds, indicating that, at least in the short term, mastication is not producing invasive species hot spots in this piñon-juniper woodland. 相似文献
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《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2020,73(6):820-826
Solarization (covering soil and vegetation with plastic) has long been used in agriculture to control undesirable plants, but solarization of invasive plants in rangelands has shown mixed and species-specific results. Yellow bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng var. songarica (Rupr. ex Fisch & C.A. Mey) Celarier & Harlan), an invasive perennial C4 grass, is common throughout the southern Great Plains and is not controlled by winter prescribed fire. We tested whether solarization (tarping) with black plastic, combined with winter prescribed fire, could control yellow bluestem. We applied three treatments (with four replicates): solarization (August to November 2017) + fire (January 2018), trimming + fire, and fire only. Results after two growing seasons show that total yellow bluestem cover in solarized + fire plots was reduced to 54% ± 10% (mean ± standard error), lower than trimmed + fire (82% ± 5%, p < 0.01) and fire only plots (78% ± 6%, p = 0.01). Forb cover in solarized + fire plots (15% ± 4%) was much higher than trimmed + fire (4% ± 1%, p < 0.01) and fire only plots (3% ± 1%, p < 0.01). Native forb richness was only slightly higher in solarized + fire plots (16 ± 2 species) compared to fire only (10 ± 2 species, p = 0.08) and trimmed + fire plots (10 ± 1 species, p = 0.08). Interestingly, native forb richness in all plots increased compared to pre-treatment values (2 ± 1 species for all treatments, p < 0.01). Solarization + winter fire can slightly decrease yellow bluestem cover and greatly increase native forb cover, creating islands of diversity in otherwise low-diversity grasslands. However, repeated treatments or alternative techniques will be needed for full control of yellow bluestem. 相似文献
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通过研究不同放牧强度下地上植被群落的物种组成、植物生活型、土壤种子库物种种类和种子数量等特征,探讨了地上植被与土壤种子库之间的关系及种子库在地上植被群落构建中的作用,拟为高寒草甸的管理,特别是高寒地区退化生态系统的恢复与重建提供参考。结果表明：土壤种子库物种多样性指数和丰富度指数在围栏样地和中牧样地之间差异不显著。重牧样地土壤种子库物种多样性指数和丰富度指数显著低于中牧样地（P<0.05）;围栏样地、重牧样地、中牧样地土壤种子库密度表现为重牧 >围栏 >中牧,其中重牧样地土壤种子库密度显著高于中牧样地（P<0.05）,达4952.7粒·m-2;中牧样地和围栏样地的种子库和地上植被之间相似性较低,二者的地上植被与土壤种子库Sorensen相似性指数分别为0.48和0.44。重牧样地上嵩草属（Kobresia）植物严重退化,地上植被群落和土壤种子库均以杂类草物种占优势,地上植被与土壤种子库表现出较高的相似性。因此,对于有退化趋势的嵩草草甸,适当的围栏并考虑利用本地多年生优良牧草种子进行补播将是有利的;嵩草高寒草甸土壤种子库种子主要集中在0~5cm,且各样地中种子数量均随着土壤深度的增加而减少。 相似文献
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围封对内蒙古典型草原群落特征及土壤性状的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
围封作为退化草原恢复与重建的重要措施之一,已被广泛应用于我国草原生态恢复工程中。为科学评价围封对退化草原的恢复效果,在内蒙古典型草原,选择围封及其对应的围栏外自由放牧草原,采用野外样方调查与室内分析相结合的方法,分析了围封对群落植物种组成、功能群组成、物种多样性、地上生物量及土壤有机碳和全氮的影响。结果表明,围封处理中植物种类(22种)多于自由放牧处理(17种),群落多样性指数(H)、丰富度指数(Pa)、均匀度指数(JP)和地上生物量在围封和自由放牧处理间无显著差异(P>0.05)。灌木、半灌木和多年生杂类草的重要值、物种所占比例、地上生物量和3种多样性指数(H、Pa和JP)在围封处理中显著大于自由放牧处理(P<0.05);多年生禾草仅地上生物量在围封处理中高于自由放牧(P<0.05);一、二年生草本的重要值、物种所占比例、地上生物量和3种多样性指数在围封处理中显著小于自由放牧处理(P<0.05)。生态类型功能群物种所占比例和地上生物量在围封和自由放牧处理间无显著差异(P>0.05)。土壤有机碳和全氮含量在两种处理间未达到显著差异(P>0.05),但都随土层深度的增加呈现显著下降的趋势(P<0.05),围封处理下降幅度小于自由放牧处理。 相似文献
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辽宁省外来入侵有害生物特征初步分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过2006-2008年野外实地调查和文献资料分析,对辽宁省外来有害生物进行总结。结果表明,目前对辽宁省造成危害的外来物种共计116种,分别为外来植物89种、外来害虫17种和外来病原微生物10种,其中危害性较强的主要有14种。这些外来物种的传播和扩散速度较快,传播途径多以无意引入为主,对辽宁省的经济和生态环境危害严重。外来物种入侵地多为生态系统结构单一的农田草场或人工林系统;入侵地多为辽宁省气候温暖湿润的南部,且生物多样性比较丰富的地区。 相似文献
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《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2014,67(3):255-265
Because invasive annual grasses can strongly influence soil resource availability and disturbance regimes to favor their own persistence, there is a great need to understand the interrelationships among invasive plant abundance, resource availability, and desirable species prominence. These interrelationships were studied in two salt desert sites where the local abundance of downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) varied spatially and increased more than 12-fold over a 3-yr period. We measured downy brome percentage cover, resource availability, and soil chemical and physical properties within 112 plots per site and found significant negative associations between downy brome abundance and both soil water content (P < 0.05; r = -0.27 to -0.49) and nitrate accumulation (P < 0.05; r = -0.34 to -0.45), which corroborated with the direction and strength of multivariate factor loadings assessed with principal component analysis. We then applied factorial combinations of prescribed burning and preemergence herbicide at management-relevant scales (i.e., 6 to 46 ha) as well as biomass removal to smaller plots (12.25 m2) at both sites to determine their impact on downy brome, soil resources, and resident plant species. Burning and herbicide applications, especially when combined, significantly reduced downy brome cover (P = 0.069 to 0.015), which in turn increased soil nitrate accumulation and water content in the spring. Furthermore, for one shrubland site that was seeded 6 yr previously, the combination of burning and herbicide treatments significantly increased perennial grass percentage cover in the 2 yr posttreatment (P < 0.05). Results not only demonstrate the strong relationships between downy brome abundance, soil resources, and residence species for impoverished salt desert shrub ecosystems, but also suggest that restoration and management efforts must include tactics that facilitate resource use by the residual plant community or establish a greater abundance of species capable of high resource acquisition in the spring. 相似文献
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基于相关资料的整理和专家咨询,运用样带调查法对华北农牧交错带的外来植物入侵状况进行了调查。结果表明:华北农牧交错带现有外来入侵植物19种,隶属于11科18属,其中禾本科和菊科两大科的外来植物种类最多,分别占21.05%和15.79%。在生活型方面,一、二年生的外来入侵植物种类最多,占总数的84.21%;在起源地方面,原产地为美洲的外来入侵植物种类占到入侵植物总数的52.63%;在引入途径方面,人为有意引入占63.16%。通过分析外来入侵植物与生境之间的关系表明:相比较沙地和天然草地,道路两旁、撂荒地、庭院村旁、农田以及农田草地边界等人为干扰强烈的地方所受到外来植物的危害相对更为严重。因此,针对不同的入侵生境类型采取相应的防护措施对于农牧交错带的生态保护和生态恢复具有重要意义。 相似文献
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《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2008,61(2):211-217
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum [L.] Gaertn.) defoliation intensity and timing on medusahead density and biomass. We hypothesized that crested wheatgrass defoliation greater than 60% during the spring would provide maximum medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medsae [L.] Nevski subsp. asperum [Simk.] Melderis; taxonomy from US Department of Agriculture) density and biomass. Eighteen treatments (six defoliation levels, three seasons of defoliation) were applied to 2-m2 plots in a randomized complete block design on two sites with varying clay content. Blocks were replicated five times at each site. Plants were clipped in 2004 and 2005. Crested wheatgrass was hand clipped to defoliation levels of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% in the spring, summer, or fall. Density of crested wheatgrass and medusahead was sampled in June 2005 and 2006, but their biomass was harvested only in 2006. Data were analyzed with least square means analysis of variance. Over the two seasons, site had much more of an impact on medusahead invasion than either defoliation intensity or timing of defoliation. The results support previous suggestions that clayey soils favor medusahead and that perennial grasses with high biomass can resist this invasive species. On the clayey site where medusahead did persist, fall defoliation of crested wheatgrass reduced the density of this invasive species by 50% or more compared to spring defoliation. Given the developmental pattern of medusahead, the goal of any management program should be to maximize resource use by the desirable species during April to late July. 相似文献
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全球变暖加剧了生物入侵进程,而物种多样性对于入侵物种通常具有阻抗作用,探讨二者交互效应对生物入侵的影响有助于预测入侵态势及制定有效的防治措施。通过在我国N 21°-37°设置59个调查样地,探讨外来入侵植物空心莲子草群落物种多样性与其入侵态势之间的关系;并采用人工构建群落的方式,设置不同温度、物种多样性组合两种因子,研究增温及本土植物多样性对空心莲子草入侵的影响。结果表明:1)样地群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数介于0~2.434,空心莲子草入侵盖度(P<0.001)、分枝数(P=0.022)随多样性上升而显著降低,纬度以及纬度×物种多样性交互效应对其入侵态势没有产生显著影响;2)增温导致构建群落中空心莲子草的高度(P=0.004)、最大茎长(P=0.002)以及马唐、苦苣菜和牛筋草3种本土植物的高度(P=0.038)均显著下降,物种多样性上升导致空心莲子草高度、无性分株数、分枝数和最大茎长均显著下降(P<0.001),增温×物种多样性交互效应导致空心莲子草分枝数在“入侵单种”处理中显著升高(P=0.035),而增温×物种属性交互效应显著降低了构建群落中苦苣菜的最大茎长(P<0.001);3)增温并未显著影响空心莲子草及本土植物生物量,物种多样性增加显著削弱了空心莲子草的生物量(P<0.001),但显著提高了其根冠比(P=0.014),即空心莲子草以相对储存更多地下资源的方式应对种间竞争。综上可知,较高水平的物种多样性有助于抵制空心莲子草的入侵,但增温可能会削弱本土物种的抗性;气候变暖背景下应更加重视保护本土植物多样性,以遏制空心莲子草入侵蔓延。 相似文献
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Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) is an aggressive exotic species that has been successfully suppressed in a variety of situations using classical biological control (flea beetles; Aphthona spp.). This 9-yr study investigated patterns of vegetation responses following significant reductions in leafy spurge cover and density by flea beetles in southeastern Montana. We hypothesized that the vegetation following leafy spurge suppression would be dominated by species and plant functional groups able to persist through heavy infestations. Flea beetles were first released in 1998, and by 2006 leafy spurge foliar cover was reduced 80% to 90% compared to 1998 values on both release and nonrelease plots. Although total cover of the resident vegetation, excluding leafy spurge, increased 72% to 88%, relative cover of the functional groups (native forbs, native sedges, native grasses, and non-native species) was similar among years and between release and nonrelease plots. Mean diversity and mean species richness values did not differ among years or between release and nonrelease plots (P < 0.05), but mean diversity on both release and nonrelease plots was significantly less than noninfested plots, although richness was similar (P < 0.05). Indicator species analysis revealed that non-native Poa spp. replaced leafy spurge as the dominant species on release and nonrelease plots. Conversely, noninfested plots contained a variety of native species with high indicator values. Although total abundance of the resident vegetation in 2006 was significantly greater than 1998, plant species composition and relative cover showed little change for the duration of the study. Failure of the native vegetation to recover to a community that approached nearby noninfested conditions may be attributed to a variety of interacting scenarios, some of which may be ameliorated by treating infestations as soon as possible to avoid long-term residual effects. 相似文献