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1.
为改善脱盐海参干燥时间长、干制品品质差的问题，该研究将气体射流冲击干燥（air impingement drying, AID）技术应用于脱盐海参干燥，研究了干燥温度（50、60和70 ℃）和气流速度（4、6和8 m/s）对脱盐海参干燥速率及干制品水分分布及状态、微观结构、硬度和皂苷含量的影响，并与热风干燥（hot air drying, HAD）进行对比。结果表明，随着干燥温度的增加，脱盐海参的干燥速率增加。AID不同干燥温度下脱盐海参的干燥时间比HAD 60 ℃的海参干燥时间缩短了6.67%～33.33%。温度为60 ℃时，风速对脱盐海参的干燥时间影响不显著（P>0.05）。微观结构分析表明，温度升高有利于增加物料表面的多孔结构，相同条件下AID海参样品的表面比HAD海参具有更多更大的多孔结构，使得AID海参干燥速率快于HAD。但随着风速的增加，脱盐海参表面因发生结壳现象阻止了形变，使得干海参孔洞结构变小，干燥速率降低。与HAD相比，AID海参的不易流动水弛豫时间向短弛豫时间移动更快，且峰幅度显著降低；干燥相同时间时（6 h），AID海参的质子密度信号比HAD减少更多，表明AID海参的水分迁移速率快于HAD的海参。随着AID温度和风速的升高，干海参的硬度呈先增加后减小的趋势。AID海参皂苷含量随着温度的升高而升高。AID海参的多孔结构不仅加速了水分迁移，而且利于营养成分渗出，提高了营养成分含量，相同条件下，AID海参的皂苷含量比HAD的海参增加了50.00%。综合考虑干燥效率和品质，温度为70 ℃，风速为6 m/s为脱盐海参AID的较好条件。研究结果有助于阐明AID提高脱盐海参干燥速率和营养成分保留率的机理，为生产高品质干海参提供理论依据和技术参考。 相似文献
2.
瘤胃细菌在绵羊骨骼肌脂肪酸沉积中起着重要作用。为研究精氨酸对绵羊胴体品质、肉质特性和瘤胃细菌组成的影响，探究瘤胃细菌变化与脂肪酸沉积之间的关系，利用宏基因组测序、气相色谱技术分析绵羊补饲精氨酸后瘤胃细菌组成和肌肉脂肪酸谱的变化，建立两者间的关联性。选取16只健康且体质量相近的3月龄绵羊，随机分为对照组（基础饲粮）和精氨酸组（基础饲粮+1%精氨酸），进行90 d的饲养试验。结果表明，与对照组相比，精氨酸组绵羊的背膘厚显著降低（P<0.05），背最长肌的亮度（L*）值、黄度（b*）值及剪切力值均显著减小（P<0.05），红度（a*）值显著增加（P<0.05）。精氨酸组背最长肌十五烷酸、十七烷酸和十七碳烯酸的含量显著低于对照组（P<0.05），二十四碳烯酸、α-亚麻酸、二十二碳六烯酸和n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）；精氨酸组n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的比值显著降低（P<0.05）。宏基因组分析显示，补充精氨酸显著提高了瘤胃中梭菌属、月形单胞菌属、瘤胃球菌属和密螺旋体属的丰度（P<0.05），降低了丁酸弧菌属、副拟杆菌属、解琥珀酸菌属、甲烷短杆菌属和Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus的丰度（P<0.05）。此外，精氨酸组瘤胃中丁酸的含量显著增加（P<0.05）。关联性分析显示，丁酸弧菌属与n-3多不饱和脂肪酸呈显著负相关（P<0.05）与饱和脂肪酸呈显著正相关（P<0.05）；脂肪酸含量对肉的色泽和pH值有较大的影响。综上所述，精氨酸通过降低瘤胃氢化菌的数量，减少氢化的发生，促进肉中有益脂肪酸沉积，进而改善羊肉品质。研究结果为今后通过饲粮营养干预靶向调控瘤胃细菌提高羊肉品质提供参考。 相似文献
3.
热水结合维生素C处理对甜樱桃果实褐变的控制研究 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10
在预试验基础上,甜樱桃果实采用42℃热水及42℃热水添加0.1%维生素C各处理10 min,在0±0.5℃,相对湿度为85%~90%的条件下贮藏18 d后,再置于24±1℃,相对湿度为65%~70%条件下存放2 d,对果实的褐变参数及相关酶活性进行检测。结果表明,热水处理明显抑制甜樱桃果实L*和H0值的下降及苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的上升。热水添加维生素C处理强化了这一抑制效果。贮藏后,热水和热水添加维生素C处理的果实感官综合评分分别为6.9和7.5,而对照仅为5.7。相关分析表明,感官综合评分与L*、b*和H0呈显著正相关,与a*、PPO和POD活性呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。 相似文献
4.
以红富士和冰糖心2种苹果为试材,研究0、200、300、400和500MPa超高压处理对鲜切苹果片的色变动态特性。结果表明,超高压处理能显著抑制鲜切苹果片在空气中的色变速率。采用4种三色值组合(ΔL*a*/b* 、ΔL*a*b*、Δ(ΔE)和ΔW.I.)作为色变指标研究鲜切苹果片的色变动态特性,结果表明,超高压处理和未处理的鲜切苹果片的各色变指标均随时间呈线性变化,鲜切苹果片的色变符合零级动力学反应。通过对三色值组合的优选,色变指标ΔL*a*/b*被选作反应压力对色变影响的最佳指标,并在此基础上建立了色变指标(ΔL*a*/b*)与压力(P)的关系模型。模型表明,400MPa为超高压加工鲜切水果片的较优压力。 相似文献
5.
通过分析不同因素对假单胞菌脂肪酶Ⅷ活性的影响以及假单胞菌脂肪酶Ⅷ活性与超高温灭菌(UHT)乳脂肪上浮的关系，研究了控制UHT乳中假单胞菌脂肪酶Ⅷ活性和延缓脂肪上浮现象的措施。结果表明pH值对假单胞菌脂肪酶Ⅷ的活性有显著性影响(P<0.01)，50、55、60℃(20 min)的低温热处理能显著降低假单胞菌脂肪酶Ⅷ的活性(P<0.01)。贮藏试验表明低温热处理对控制UHT乳在贮存过程中的假单胞菌脂肪酶Ⅷ活性水平(P<0.01)和脂肪上浮现象(P<0.05)有明显的作用，而55℃和15 min的低温热处理对缓解UHT乳在贮藏过程中的脂肪上浮现象最为有效。 相似文献
6.
基于气候阻力的温室黄瓜蒸腾速率模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在北方地区玻璃温室内，观测黄瓜生长期叶温与温室内微气象因子，利用基于能量平衡方程和水汽扩散理论的叶-气温差方程计算植株气孔阻力(ri)，结合同期气候阻力(r*)和边界层阻力(re)进行分析，结果发现：不同天气条件下ri/re的比值与r*/re比值之间呈极显著正相关关系，晴天时：ri/re=1.207(r*/re)-0.326(n=328，r=0.8055)，阴天时：ri/re=0.169(r*/re)+0.278(n=222，r=0.8076)。根据此拟合方程，以r*/re代替ri/re代入修正后的P-M公式中计算温室黄瓜的蒸腾速率，与直接代入ri值的计算结果比较，结果晴天与阴天条件下的相对误差均<10%，一致性指数达0.96以上，说明利用拟合方程建立的模型模拟效果很好。此模型能够直接利用气象数据计算温室作物气孔阻力并进而计算蒸腾速率，使温室作物蒸腾速率的计算更简单方便，该文结果对同类温室和作物有参考价值。 相似文献
7.
为保证低温喷雾干燥后蓝靛果粉品质，采用黄金分割法研究复合助剂（麦芽糊精、β-环糊精和乳清蛋白）对喷雾干燥蓝靛果粉理化性质的影响，分析低温进风温度（50～90 ℃）对蓝靛果粉花青素保留率、集粉率和含水率的影响规律。结果表明，在麦芽糊精、β-环糊精的质量比例为85.4%、14.6%时，集粉率高达37.96%；随进料溶液中麦芽糊精质量比例增加，蓝靛果粉玻璃化转变温度、水溶性指数、堆积密度、亮度L*值、红度a*值和色差值ΔE呈增加趋势，含水率、花青素含量和黄度b*值呈下降趋势；在麦芽糊精、β-环糊精和乳清蛋白质量比例为72.9%、12.5%、14.6%时，集粉率达到最高（40.11%）；随料液中乳清蛋白质量比例增加，蓝靛果粉含水率、花青素含量呈上升趋势，其玻璃化转变温度、水溶性指数、亮度L*值、红度a*值、黄度b*值和色差值ΔE等指标呈下降趋势；复合助剂显著提高蓝靛果粉集粉率（P<0.05），对其中的花青素起到较强保护作用，其含水率、水溶性指数、堆积密度等理化指标均接近于最优水平。在低温喷雾干燥研究发现，随进风温度上升，集粉率和含水率呈负相关，在进风温度90 ℃时，集粉率最高的配方中可实现较高花青素保留率（89.94%）。低频核磁共振波谱以及质子密度图像信息分析表明，加入的助剂与蓝靛果果汁中水分通过氢键、静电结合力和疏水作用等分子间作用力，形成稳定性高水合物、增强液滴聚结抵抗力，提高料液玻璃态转换温度，从而实现高集粉率和高花青素保留率的蓝靛果果粉低温喷雾干燥；红外光谱分析表明，复合助剂可在蓝靛果果粉中形成分子间氢键，并对花青素等活性物质进行固定包埋保护。研究结果可为蓝靛果粉喷雾干燥加工生产提供理论支撑和参考依据。 相似文献
8.
大豆拉丝蛋白（textured fibril soy protein,TFSP）是经螺杆挤压技术生产的具有类似肉纤维结构的高密度植物蛋白,复水处理后常被用来加工仿真肉产品。为了提高TFSP的复水品质,该研究在40 ℃条件下,采用不同的超声功率和NaHCO3浓度对TFSP 进行复水处理,通过对复水动力学模型的构建预测其复水过程,并探究不同复水方式对TFSP理化性质及微观结构的影响。结果显示,与纯水组相比,TFSP复水至120 min时,500 W超声组的最终含水率提高27.14 %、复水时间缩短20 min;2.000 %NaHCO3组的最终含水率提高23.41 %,复水时间无明显变化。Weibull模型可较好的拟合对照组（R2≥0.993 3）、超声组（R2≥0.990 5）和NaHCO3组（R2≥0.986 7）的TFSP复水过程。超声和NaHCO3处理均略微降低了复水TFSP的色泽,但提高了其持水能力和不易流动水含量。复水TFSP的硬度、咀嚼性、组织化度发生变化,弹性无明显差异。400 W超声组的组织化度最大,较对照组提高41.80 %;0.250 %NaHCO3组的硬度达到最小,较对照组减小54.17 %。扫描电镜（scanning electron microscope,SEM）观察显示,超声和NaHCO3处理改变了复水TFSP的微观结构,使其孔隙增大,加速水分传输速率,提高了容纳水的能力。因此,若以最大组织化度为主要评价指标,应选择超声辅助TFSP复水,而若以最低硬度为主要评价指标,则选择NaHCO3辅助复水效果为好。该研究结果可为采用不同复水方式、开发不同品质的TFSP制品提供理论基础和参考。 相似文献
9.
笼底材料、密度和性别组群对肉鸡胸囊肿发生及胸肌成分的影响 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
该研究采用了三因素三水平的正交试验设计，就笼底材料、饲养密度、性别组群等三因素对3～6周龄笼养AA肉仔鸡发生胸囊肿及对其胸肌成分的影响进行了研究。结果表明：铁丝笼底、高饲养密度(17.25只/m2)、公鸡组的发病率最高，平均达34.09%，并显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。铁丝笼底显著高于塑料和竹竿笼底(P<0.05)，高密度(17.25只/m2)显著高于低密度(10.98只/m2)(P<0.05)，笼底材料是导致胸囊肿发病的主要环境因素，而性别组群对其无显著影响(P>0.05)。不同笼底下胸肌水分和蛋白质含量以竹竿笼底的含量最高，铁丝笼底下的胸肌蛋白含量最低(P<0.05)。胸肌脂肪则不受笼底、密度和性别组群的影响。因此，该试验表明，竹竿笼底和塑料笼底材料可降低笼养肉仔鸡胸囊肿的发病率，有利于提高其胸肌品质。 相似文献
10.
水滑肉是我国传统的菜肴,具有爽滑细嫩、鲜香无比的特点。为了探究水滑肉淀粉外壳变化对水滑肉品质的影响,以质构、剪切力、水分含量、回生程度、淀粉热力学特性等为评价指标,研究了在冰温贮藏期间水滑肉品质的变化情况。结果表明：与水煮肉进行对照,在冰温贮藏期间淀粉的添加显著抑制了水滑肉的硬度、咀嚼性及剪切力的增加;水滑肉在贮藏期品质指标劣化,但感官得分优于对照组。在冰温贮藏期间,水滑肉外壳的水分含量、糊化焓值及R1047/1022依次增加了7.29%、327.42%、5.17%,增长幅度均低于淀粉组 (P＜0.05);肉的存在显著减缓了水滑肉淀粉外壳的回生(P＜0.05)。在冰温贮藏条件下,淀粉外壳的回生与水滑肉的质构指标呈现显著正相关(P＜0.05),即淀粉外壳的回生会劣化水滑肉的硬度、咀嚼性和剪切力。冰温条件下,肉中水分向淀粉外壳转移可能会延缓淀粉外壳的回生,从而延缓其品质劣化;冰温贮藏第8 天可能为水滑肉品质变化的关键点。研究结果可为水滑肉预制菜肴品质研究提供参考。 相似文献
11.
In order to identify key adaptive traits which affect productivity in Mediterranean grain and forage legumes and simultaneously determine the agricultural potential of a wide range of Vicia species, germplasm collected from the wild throughout the eastern Mediterranean was grown under semi-arid conditions in Tel Hadya, Syria (313 mm growing season rainfall). These included species currently in use in Mediterranean agriculture, such as V. sativa L., as well as those more widely used in the past-such as V. ervilia L., but also a broad selection from Section Narbonensis (B. Fedtsch. ex Radzhi) Maxted, including V. narbonensis L, V. johannis Tamamsch., V. hyaeniscyamus Mout., V. serratifolia Jacq., and V. kalakhensis Khattab et al. V. faba, a near relative of the taxa in Section Narbonensis, was included as a domesticated control. Where applicable, a representative range of subspecies was used. Accessions were chosen from a wide range of habitats in terms of latitude (31.02–40.72 decimalo), longitude (27.1–43.17 decimalo), altitude (20–1510 m), rainfall (180–1700 mm/yr) and soil depth (5–50 cm) in order to maximise diversity within species. Agricultural potential was determined by measuring seed, hay and biological yield, as well as agronomic traits such as harvest index, standing crop height, and seed size. The comparative influence of phenology and key agronomic traits such as plant habit and seed size on productivity varied tremendously between species, depending on their reproductive strategies. In V. sativa and V. ervilia, the smaller seed species which rely on long vegetative phases and growing seasons to accumulate sufficient biomass to set seed, and in which there was comparatively little agronomic variation, phenology had a large impact on yield. In early emerging taxa such as V. ervilia and V. s. subsp. sativa, with built-in long vegetative phases and growing seasons, seed yield was negatively correlated with flower ing (r = –0.86 to –0.88), whereas the opposite was the case for later emerging taxa such as V. s. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. (r = 0.95). Within V. narbonensis and relatives, the larger seeded Vicia species which rely on more conservative reproductive strategies where high seedling vigour associated with large seeds enables the species to enter reproductive phases relatively early, phenology had a much smaller impact on yield than did variation of key traits such as seed weight, plant habit and pod shattering. Among the undomesticated germplasm harvest indices ranged from 0.09–0.31, hay yields from 0.1–3.4 t/ha, seed yield from 0–2.0 t/ha, and dry matter at maturity from 1.6–6.5 t/ha. Sub-specific taxonomy was crucial in determining agronomic potential. V. narbonensis var. aegyptiaca Kornhuber ex Asch. et Schweinf. showed the most potential, combining an upright habit, large seeds (212 mg) and tendency to retain intact pods after maturity, with the highest yield, harvest index and crop height of all the wild Vicia species. V. sativa subsp. sativa, V. ervilia and V. narbonensis var. narbonensis were less productive, but still showed agricultural potential. The smaller seeded V. narbonensis, var. affinis, var. jordanica H. Schäf. and var. salmonea (Mout.) H. Schäf., and their close relatives V. johannis, V. hyaeniscyamus, V. serratifolia and V. kalakhensis have little to offer Mediterranean agriculture on the basis of poor agronomy. 相似文献
12.
The difficulty and problems encountered in the study of cultivated plants, in general and sugarcane, in particular has been
indicated. In order to understand these problems, a brief review on the taxonomy of Saccharum and closely related taxa, namely, Erianthus, Sclerostachya, Narenga and Miscanthus (generally known as ‘Saccharum complex’) has been given. A short account on the important morphological features that are specific to sugarcane has also
been stated as classification is commonly based on such morphological characters. A note has been added on the chromosome
number, origin, and distribution of the species of ‘Saccharum complex’ members. Taxonomic keys have been devised for identification of the genera of Saccharinae and for the species of
Saccharum and Erianthus occurring in India. A new combination, Sclerostachya fallax (Balansa) Amalraj et Balasundaram, has also been proposed. 相似文献
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14.
M. Rodríguez-Quijano M.T. Nieto-Taladriz J.M. Carrillo 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(6):599-607
A collection of 136 accessions of Aegilops umbellulata (39), Ae. comosa (75) and Ae. markgrafii (22) was analysed for high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits composition. The homogeneity of the accessions was studied and 55.1% of the collection was homogeneous for HMW glutenin subunits (29 Ae. umbellulata, 33 Ae. comosa and 14 Ae. markgrafii). The HMW glutenin subunits of Ae. umbellulata are encoded by the Glu-U1 locus; in Ae. comosa results showed that this proteins are encoded at the 1M chromosome, and the locus was named Glu-M1. In Ae. markgrafii it was assumed that HMW glutenin subunits were encoded by an homoeologous locus and it was named Glu-C1. All the accessions of Ae. umbellulata and Ae. markgrafii expressed both, x-type and y-type subunits. Among the Ae. comosa accessions, only one expressed an x-type subunit alone. All the accessions of Ae. umbellulata and some of Ae. comosa had x-type glutenins of higher molecular weights than those commonly present in bread wheat. A total of 8 alleles were detected at the Glu-U1 locus, 11 at the Glu-M1 and 4 at the Glu-C1. The new HMW glutenin variation found in this work suggests their possible utilisation in breeding for wheat quality. 相似文献
15.
The effects of five agroforestry woody species (Dactyladenia barteri, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, Senna siamea andTreculia africana) on the surface aasting activity ofHyperiodrilus africanus were studied in an Alfisol (Oxic Paleustalf) in southwestern Nigeria. Casting activity under the woody species decreased in the following order:Dactyladenia sp. (26.4 Mg ha-1 year-1)>Gliricidia sp. (24.4 Mg ha-1 year-1)>Treculia sp. (22.9 Mg ha-1 year-1)>Leucaena sp. (18.6 Mg ha-1 year-1)>Senna sp. (18.3 Mg ha-1 year-1). These differences in casting activity were partly explained by microclimatic effects. Irrespective of the woody species, the worm casts were higher in clay and silt contents, bulk density, water-stable aggregates, pH, organic C, exchangeable cations, effective cation exchange capacity, and extractable P levels than the corresponding surface soils. The woody species did affect the physicochemical properties and P sorption of the worm casts. The content of water-stable aggregates of worm casts decreased in the following order:Dactyladenia sp.>Treculia sp.>Senna sp.>Leucaena sp.>Gliricidia sp. Large differences in extractable P levels were observed.Senna sp. was associated with the highest extractable P level (11.5 mg kg-1) andTreculia sp. the lowest (4.9 mg kg-1). P sorption was highest on worm casts underDactyladenia sp. and lowest on those underTreculia sp. Without fertilizer application, there were no significant differences in the dry weight of maize grown in the different worm casts. With NPK applications, the dry weight of maize grown in worm casts associated withTreculia sp. was significantly lower than that of maize grown in the other worm casts, mainly due to the low extractable P level. Despite a high organic C and exchangeable K status, maize grown in the worm casts still responded significantly to N and K applications. The N uptake by maize grown in worm casts associated withTreculia sp. was lower than that in the other treatments. 相似文献
16.
Sofie E. De Meyer Koenraad Van Hoorde Bram Vekeman Tamara Braeckman Anne Willems 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(12):2384-2396
We investigated the diversity of rhizobia isolated from different indigenous legumes in Flanders (Belgium). A total of 3810 bacterial strains were analysed originating from 43 plant species. Based on rep-PCR clustering, 16S rRNA gene and recA gene sequence analysis, these isolates belonged to Bradyrhizobium, Ensifer (Sinorhizobium), Mesorhizobium and Rhizobium. Of the genera encountered, Rhizobium was the most abundant (62%) and especially the species Rhizobiumleguminosarum, followed by Ensifer (19%), Bradyrhizobium (14%) and finally Mesorhizobium (5%). For two rep-clusters only low similarity values with other genera were found for both the 16S rRNA and recA genes, suggesting that these may represent a new genus with close relationship to Rhodopseudomonas and Bradyrhizobium. Primers for the symbiotic genes nodC and nifH were optimized and a phylogenetic sequence analysis revealed the presence of different symbiovars including genistearum, glycinearum, loti, meliloti, officinalis, trifolii and viciae. Moreover, three new nodC types were assigned to strains originating from Ononis, Robinia and Wisteria, respectively. Discriminant and MANOVA analysis confirmed the correlation of symbiosis genes with certain bacterial genera and less with the host plant. Multiple symbiovars can be present within the same host plant, suggesting the promiscuity of these plants. Moreover, the ecoregion did not contribute to the separation of the bacterial endosymbionts. Our results reveal a large diversity of rhizobia associated with indigenous legumes in Flanders. Most of the legumes harboured more than one rhizobial endosymbiont in their root nodules indicating the importance of including sufficient isolates per plant in diversity studies. 相似文献
17.
Diversity of native rice (Oryza Poaceae:) species of Costa Rica 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Alejandro Zamora Cynthia Barboza Jorge Lobo Ana M. Espinoza 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2003,50(8):855-870
We found several populations of wild Oryza species in the lowlands of Costa Rica. The plants showed extensive morphological variation, suggesting the presence of several species. In the morphologic study, 33 traits were scored for plants of all the species. A principal component analysis revealed the significant morphological separation of the different species. The analyses indicated that there are three species, O. grandiglumis, O. latifolia and O. glumaepatula. Two putative hybrid types were found, both significantly differing in their morphology from the known species and intermediate at several traits. O. grandiglumis is a new record for Costa Rican flora. Its main population is located in Caño Negro Wildlife Refuge, Los Chiles, Alajuela. O. latifolia is distributed throughout the lowlands of the country and the plants of the Atlantic slope are significantly bigger in general habit than those of the Guanacaste area. During this study a population of O. glumaepatula of hundreds of thousands of plants was discovered in the Medio Queso River wetland, Los Chiles, Alajuela. This population is the most important source of genes for cultivar's improvement from the primary gene pool of rice in Costa Rica. The small ligule and the wide flag leaf characteristic of the two CCDD species separated them from the AA diploid O. glumaepatula. Seed size, ligule size, number of branches in the panicle, plant height and sterile lemma length are all bigger in O. grandiglumis, and influenced the second factor that separated the CCDD species in two discrete clusters. The species found offer great possibilities for the improvement of rice cultivars and they should be thoroughly studied and appropriately protected. 相似文献
18.
The phylogenetic relationships within the genus Actinidia and among 3 allied genera Clematoclethra, Saurauia, and Sladenia have been very controversial. In order to understand the systematic implication of foliar trichomes in those genera, the micromorphological characteristics of foliar trichomes from 34 taxa were examined by means of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The observed micromorphological characteristics were classified into eight main types. A phylogenetic analysis of Actinidia and related genera based on 15 micromorphological characters of foliar trichomes was conducted using Wagner parsimony method and Sladenia celastrifolia, Rhododendron hybridum and R. simsii as a complex outgroup. In the resulting phylogenetic tree, Actinidia is shown to be a monophyletic group, and Clematoclethra and Saurauia form another monophyletic group. This study also presents the phylogenetic relationships among 4 sections within the genus Actinidia: the monophyly of sect. Leiocarpae and of sect. Strigosae, and polyphyly of sect. Maculatae and of sect. Stellatae. 相似文献
19.
20.
One hundred and forty-seven Chinese barley varieties maintained at the Gene Bank of the National Barley Improvement Centre,
Zhejiang, and 84 progenies from these varieties were tested at the seedling stage for their reaction to 32 selected pathotypes
of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Eighteen resistance spectra were identified comprising single or combined resistances from eight known (Ml(Bw), Ml(Ch), Mla7, Mla8, Mla9, Mla13, MlaRu4 and Mlg) and six unknown resistance genes. The most frequent gene was Ml(Bw), which was found in 69 varieties and previously detected in only a few European winter barley varieties. The genes Mla8 and Ml(Ch) were also often present, but other resistance genes were rare. After inoculation, considerably fewer pathogen colonies were
observed in ‘Aiganqi’ and one line of ‘Tong5’. Twenty varieties were composed of lines with different resistance genes. China
is likely to be a region of origin of the genes Ml(Bw), Mla7, as well as three unknown genes found in original landraces and perhaps another three unknown genes detected in cultivars
bred in China. The resistances of varieties from the Zhejiang province and those originating from 11 other Chinese provinces
were quite different. Unfortunately, none of the varieties are promising sources of resistance to powdery mildew and China
does not seem to be a region suitable for identifying such sources. 相似文献