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1.
为原位采集番茄根系图像，解决番茄根系表型原位测量问题，该研究提出一种基于阵列式ESP32-CAM的番茄根系表型原位测量方法。通过4×4阵列式ESP32-CAM结合OV2640镜头模组实现土壤中根系图像原位自动化无线采集，并采用张正友标定法实现相机标定和畸变校正，利用尺度不变特征转换和最邻近分类的特征检测匹配算法实现图像配准，基于离线标定方法获取相机间变换矩阵实现根系图像拼接；通过引入多头自注意力机制改进U型卷积神经网络（Uarchitecture convolutional networks,U-Net）模型对根系图像进行语义分割，采用形态学处理和骨架提取测量根系长度、面积、平均直径、根深和根宽。研究结果表明：相机阵列图像的拼接迭代均方根误差小于1.11 mm，全局拼接图像的拼接融合质量评分大于0.85；改进后的U-Net模型应用于番茄根系分割的精度、召回率、交并比和F1值分别为86.06%、78.98%、71.41%和82.37%，相比于原始U-Net模型分别提高了18.97、13.21、21.67和16.30个百分点；与人工测量值相比，根系的面积、长度、平均直径、根深和根宽的平均绝... 相似文献
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辣椒根系影响下的农地土壤水分空间运动分异特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根系是土壤层中重要的组成结构,根土环境影响田间作物生长发育。为探究作物根系对农地土壤水分空间运动异质性的影响,进一步反映根土环境对农业生产的作用,该研究以辣椒为试验作物,于2022年9月20日—2022年9月23日开展野外染色示踪试验,结合形态学图像解析技术与灰色系统理论,对作物根系影响下的农地土壤水分空间运动变化进行分析。结果表明：辣椒根系接近鱼尾形结构,根系体积相对较大,根系扎根深度和根系广度（根系形态）与根系结构相关程度高（P<0.05）。在相同外部供水条件下,非根区的水分整体分布在田间土壤表层（平均狭长度为0.89）,而根区土壤水分在整个土壤深度（0～50 cm）空间内沿深度由整体向团状聚集状态再向“指状”（平均狭长度为0.61）形态转变。非根区和根区的土壤平均染色面积比均随土壤深度增加而减小,但根区平均染色面积比（36.84%）显著高于非根区（23.62%）,土壤水分分布更集中。非根区水分沿土壤深度的增加,其运动变化程度（平均湍动强度为116.09）显著高于根区（P<0.05）,在根系的影响下,水分竖向入渗能力较强。相较于根系结构,根系形态对土壤水分运动影响更显著... 相似文献
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[目的]对ECH2O EC-5土壤水分传感器测定科尔沁沙地土壤含水率的可靠性进行验证。[方法]以烘干法测定数据为基准值,采用回归分析方法建立ECH2O EC-5水分传感器测定沙地土壤含水率的校正方程,并用独立的样本进行验证。[结果]ECH2O EC-5水分传感器测定值与烘干法测定值之间具有很好的线性回归关系(R2=0.96),呈显著正相关(p0.01);验证结果显示,ECH2O EC-5土壤水分传感器测定值经回归方程校正后与基准值之间的均方根误差(RMSE)、相对均方根误差(RRMSE)分别为0.38%和6.29%。[结论]ECH2O EC-5土壤水分传感器测定的沙地土壤水分值准确度较高,具有很高的可靠性。 相似文献
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新银合欢是生物措施治理泥石流的重要树种,但在金沙江干热河谷的泥石流源区,干旱少雨和土壤砾石含量高已成为新银合欢生长的主要限制因子。为揭示新银合欢幼苗在生境中的抗逆特性,利用盆栽模拟试验,从水分胁迫和土壤质地的角度研究了非生物因素对新银合欢幼苗根系生长的影响,结果表明:对根系生长的影响水分胁迫程度大于土壤质地状况;在相同土壤质地条件下,水分胁迫程度与根系长度、累积表面积及根尖数量均呈负相关;在相同土壤水分条件下,低砾石含量的土壤对根系生长的促进作用总体优于高砾石含量的,但在极端水分条件下这种差异不明显;低砾石组和高砾石组对根系生长构成限制条件的土壤水分含量分别在8.25%、11.46%以下。 相似文献
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膜下滴灌不同灌水定额对玉米根系生长的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
玉米根系的分布特征受多种因素的制约,其中影响最大的有土壤水分和生育期阶段等,通过分析不同灌水处理条件下,不同生育期,土壤深度与根长密度和根重密度的关系,研究膜下滴灌玉米各生育期根系在不同灌水定额处理下的分布规律,利用大田代表植株挖根试验得到的实测数据进行根长密度和根重密度计算。结果表明:根长在表层土壤中,随着水分的胁迫减轻,呈现增大趋势,深层反之,而且最大根深出现在80 cm处,在大喇叭期,处理1在20 cm土层根长密度最小（77.27 mm/cm3）,处理9最大（143.31 mm/cm3）,在40 cm土层,处理8的根长密度最小（16.11 mm/cm3）,处理1最大（24.89 mm/cm3）。根重密度与根长密度的规律基本一致,水分胁迫能促进根系向下伸长,在玉米拔节期,处理1在20 cm以上土层根干重仅占总根干重的67.9%,而处理9在20 cm则达到了90.2%。随着生育期的推进,表层根重密度随灌水量增大而增大,在大喇叭期,处理1的根重密度为8.16×10-4 g/cm3,处理7为2.358×10-3 g/cm3 。水分胁迫使得根系深扎吸取水分来补偿亏缺,并且根变得较细较小,这说明根系自身会做出水分适应性环境调整,以达到重要机制的平衡。 相似文献
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分层供水和表层施锌对玉米植株生长和锌吸收的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
进行分层水分隔离盆栽试验,模拟田间不同层次土壤中水分含量分布不均条件,研究表层土壤施锌情况下,玉米植株生长和锌吸收以及根系在表层和底层土壤中的分配。结果表明,施锌明显促进了玉米地上部生长。在土壤表层水分充足时,施锌对植株增长效果较明显,有利于玉米利用土壤水分。缺锌条件下,改善土壤水分并未显著提高玉米生物量。表层土壤干旱时,上下层土壤中根系干物重之比减小,底层土壤中根系分布相对增加,当表层土壤水分增加时,根系在表层土壤中干物重显著增加,分布相对增多。施锌并没有影响根系在不同层次土壤中的分配。表层土壤水分对苗期玉米植株锌吸收总量有显著影响,干旱条件下,玉米植株锌吸收总量下降;底层土壤水分供应状况对玉米锌浓度影响不大,但植株中锌向地上部运转增加。尽管施锌没有提高生长早期玉米根系生长和对底层土壤水分的利用,但本研究表明缺锌旱地土壤上如通过灌溉等措施增加了耕层土壤水分,应该注意施用锌肥,否则严重影响玉米生物量和玉米对土壤水分的利用效率。 相似文献
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番茄种植地土壤水分传感器最佳埋设深度试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土壤水分传感器测定土壤含水率从而指导灌溉,对于提高作物水分利用效率和产量都具有十分重要的意义。对番茄种植中产量与水分利用效率最佳的水分条件以及土壤水分传感器的最佳埋设位置进行了试验研究。结果表明,在开花坐果期土壤含水率下限控制在60%的田间持水率,结果盛期土壤含水率下限控制在75%的田间持水率是番茄生长的最优水分条件;同时,10-20cm土层土壤含水率能很好地代表计划湿润层内的平均土壤含水率(开花坐果期和盛果期R2分别达到0.95和0.85以上),把土壤水分传感器埋设于此土层深度比较合理。 相似文献
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基于RGB-D信息融合和目标检测的番茄串采摘点识别定位方法 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
采摘点的识别与定位是智能采摘的关键技术,也是实现高效、适时、无损采摘的重要保证。针对复杂背景下番茄串采摘点识别定位问题,提出基于RGB-D信息融合和目标检测的番茄串采摘点识别定位方法。通过YOLOv4目标检测算法和番茄串与对应果梗的连通关系,快速识别番茄串和可采摘果梗的感兴趣区域（Region of Interest,ROI）;融合RGB-D图像中的深度信息和颜色特征识别采摘点,通过深度分割算法、形态学操作、K-means聚类算法和细化算法提取果梗图像,得到采摘点的图像坐标;匹配果梗深度图和彩色图信息,得到采摘点在相机坐标系下的精确坐标;引导机器人完成采摘任务。研究和大量现场试验结果表明,该方法可在复杂近色背景下,实现番茄串采摘点识别定位,单帧图像平均识别时间为54 ms,采摘点识别成功率为93.83%,采摘点深度误差±3 mm,满足自动采摘实时性要求。 相似文献
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研究成龄葡萄根系分布与吸水特征及耗水规律,能够为制定成龄葡萄灌溉制度、提出丰产与节水相协调的成龄葡萄田间水分管理模式和创建成龄葡萄水分高效利用技术体系提供技术支撑。该文在分析灌溉条件下葡萄吸水特征的基础上,建立了一维非饱和土壤水分运动的无网格数值模拟模型,并依据实测葡萄根系分布特征,获得了葡萄一维根系分布函数,将其与不同的经验根系分布函数应用于数值模型进行动态模拟。通过模拟值与土壤水分实测值的比较分析,结果表明,不同根系分布模型下土壤水分模拟差别不大,相对误差均在1%以下,但相对于其他根系分布,指数根系数分布模拟值与实测值的误差较大,因此,认为拟合的根系分布函数和无网格数值模型能很好的模拟极端干旱地区葡萄根系吸水和土壤水分运动,且在缺乏实际根长分布数据的条件下,线性根系分布和分段根系分布都可反映葡萄实际根系分布,为利用简单一维根系分布模型分析不同灌溉条件葡萄吸水特征提供参考。 相似文献
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土壤墒情实时监测与精准灌溉系统的设计 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为了及时、准确地给作物提供适宜的土壤水分条件,该研究利用拥有自主知识产权的土壤水分传感器、数据采集控制模块、数据传输模块、管道流量计等硬件以及自己编制的土壤墒情监测与精准灌溉控制软件,以灌溉小区为管理单元,布置土壤水分传感器与灌溉设备,实现了自动获取土壤含水量信息,根据作物不同生育期的适宜土壤水分上下限确定自动或手动启动、关闭灌溉系统;通过固定式喷灌、滴灌和渗灌方式,将水直接输送到作物根部,满足作物各生育期对水的需求,从而达到节约用水,提高产量,改善作物品质的功效。运行结果表明,该系统运行稳定、可扩展性强、低成本维护,其相对偏差与传统方法相比不到5%,是有效和适用的工具。 相似文献
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John Okoth Omondi Naftali Lazarovitch Shimon Rachmilevitch 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(17):2070-2079
AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of phosphorus applied through fertigation on growth and root yield of cassava. This was achieved through a greenhouse pot-experiment consisting of 1, 4, 7, 10, 20 and 30?mg?P?L?1. Increasing P from 1 to 30?mg?P?L?1 realized a 57.1 and 150.0% increase in leaf blade P in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Similarly, chlorophyll content and shoot growth increased as P concentration in solution increased. However, leaf stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis reached a maximum in 7 and 20?mg?P?L?1 in 2014 and 2015, respectively. This trend of stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis was consistent with that of dry root yield and storage roots numbers. Regressing dry root yield against storage root numbers showed that R2 = 0.80. Phosphorus encourages formation of storage roots and the duration of cassava’s growth affects the amount of P required for maximum root yield. 相似文献
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O. Traoré V. Groleau-Renaud S. Plantureux A. Tubeileh & V. Boeuf-Tremblay 《European Journal of Soil Science》2000,51(4):575-581
Plant roots release in the rhizosphere diverse organic materials which may have different effects on soil structure. We have evaluated the effect of natural and modelled root‐released materials on soil aggregates and the biodegradation of carbon from roots in the soil. The effects of root mucilage from maize and of a modelled soluble exudate were compared with those of simple compounds (glucose, polygalacturonic acid). For all treatments, soil was amended with 2 g C kg?1 soil and incubated for 30 days at 25°C. The biodegradation of mucilage was similar to that of polygalacturonic acid, and slower than the decomposition of modelled exudates and glucose. Addition of all substrates increased the stability of aggregates, but the duration of this effect depended on the chemical nature of the material. Compared with the control, the proportion of stable aggregates after 30 days of incubation was multiplied by 3.8 for root mucilage, by 4.2 for modelled soluble exudates, by 2.5 for polygalacturonic acid and by 2.0 for glucose. The different fractions of root exudates in the rhizosphere evidently affected the aggregate stability. 相似文献
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青钱柳是我国重要的药用植物之一,研究生物菌肥对其生长、根系构型和根系性状的影响,可为立地困难的青钱柳人工林的高效栽培提供依据。 试验用生物菌肥包括2种解鳞菌即巨大芽孢杆菌M(Bacillus megaterium)和荧光假单胞菌F(Pseudomonas fluorescens)、2种固氮菌即褐球固氮菌C(Azotobacter chroococcum)和巴西固氮螺菌B(Azospirillum brasilence),菌肥处理材料包括青钱柳大田苗和盆栽苗处理。其中,大田苗设3个处理:2种解磷菌和2种固氮菌分别等量混和(MF、CB)和对照处理(CK);盆栽苗(大田土添加有机质)设6个处理,分别为2个单菌(M、C)、3个混和菌(各菌种等量混和MF、CB和MFCB)和对照处理(CK)。利用3D激光扫描技术构建青钱柳的根系形态,比较分析根系分布范围和根系性状。研究发现,1)施用生物菌肥的处理显著提高了青钱柳苗高、地径的相对生长率和土壤养分。大田试验中,MF处理促进苗高和地径的生长效果最好,MF是CK处理的2.37和1.69倍;盆栽试验中,MF处理促进苗高生长效果最好,是CK处理的1.18倍,CB处理促进地径生长效果最好,是CK处理的1.16倍。大田试验中,CB的土壤无机氮含量是CK处理的1.49倍,MF的土壤有效磷含量是CK处理的1.71倍;盆栽试验中,CB的土壤无机氮含量是CK处理的1.72倍,MFCB的土壤有效磷含量是CK处理的2.13倍。2)生物菌肥可显著提高大田植株根系水平分布与生物量。CB和MF处理的根系水平分布分别是CK的2.00和1.79倍;细根生物量CB是CK处理的1.73倍。3)生物菌肥显著影响了盆栽植株根系性状:CB处理的根系3D扫描点云数(73.2×103)显著大于CK(49.7×103);M、C和CB处理的细根表面积、体积显著高于CK,其中CB处理最大,分别是CK的1.56和2.06倍;菌肥处理(除M、MF和MFCB)的根系生物量均显著大于CK(P<0.05),其中CB处理最大。综合分析表明,无论是大田还是盆栽苗,生物菌肥可改善苗高、地径的相对生长率、土壤养分和根系性状,且固氮菌混和处理(CB)的改善效果最好。由此可见,合理施用生物菌肥可通过改善青钱柳根系性状来促进植株生长。 相似文献
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Aerated solution culture is frequently used for studying plant growth. Few comparisons have been made of root growth in solution with that found in soil. The objective of this study was to compare root growth and root hair development in these two mediums. Corn (Zea mays L.) grown in aerated solution at two temperatures (18 and 25°C) and three P concentrations (2, 10, and 500 μmol L‐1) was compared with that in three soils, Raub (Aquic Argiudoll) and two Chalmers (Typic Haplaquoll) silt loams, in a controlled climate chamber over 21d. Corn plant weight and root growth were similar in solution culture and Raub soil when grown at an air and soil temperature of 18°C. At 25°C both yield and root growth were greater in Raub soil, even though P uptake by corn was 7‐fold greater in solution culture. The same difference was found when corn grown at 25°C in solution culture at 3 different P concentrations was compared with that grown in Chalmers soil at two P levels. Percentage of total root length with root hairs, root length and density and consequently root surface area, were all greater in the Chalmers soil than in solution culture. An increase in soil P, resulted in a decrease in root hair growth. No such relationship was found in solution culture. Although the recovery and measurement of plant roots and root hairs is more convenient in solution culture, results from this study indicate that the usefulness of solution culture for determining those factors which control root growth and root hair development in soil is limited. 相似文献
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Juan M. Herrera Christos Noulas Boy Feil Peter Stamp Markus Liedgens 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2013,176(4):561-571
The nitrogen (N) fertilization of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is important for stable and high grain yield. However, the effect of N on root growth and survivorship is poorly understood. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the effect of varying N availability on the growth and survivorship of roots and (2) to determine whether genotypic variation in N‐related traits are linked to root growth and survivorship. In a two‐year study, two spring wheat cultivars (Albis and Toronit) and an experimental line (L94491) were grown under low (20 kg N ha–1) and high N supply (270 kg N ha–1) in lysimeters equipped with minirhizotrons. The genotypes showed significant differences in N‐related traits: total shoot N content, grain N yield, N harvest index, and rate of decline in flag‐leaf greenness. However, there were relatively weak and inconsistent genotypic effects on the time course of root density, root growth during grain filling, and root survivorship. The level of N supply was the factor that most influenced the establishment, growth, and survivorship of roots; the high N supply, depending on the year and genotype, increased growth and survivorship of roots from 0% to 68% and 24% to 34%, respectively. 相似文献
19.
Bengt Torssell Henrik Eckersten Theo Verwijst 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2016,66(6):476-482
Below-ground (bg) shoot emergence rates of Sonchus arvensis are dependent on temperature and root weight. However, it is unknown to what extent this is due to a root depletion rate that depends on initial root weight, or due to differences in resource allocation to fine root and bg shoot growth. To resolve this, we retrieved data from an experiment in which plants were grown in the dark at constant temperature (4°C, 8°C, and 18°C) and harvested prior to or at shoot emergence. A dynamic mass-balance model, in which biomass of the initial root was allocated to bg shoot and fine root daily growth, and where respiration took place from all tissues, was used. The relative depletion rate of root biomass (RDR; d?1) and fraction of the depleted biomass allocated to bg shoots (SFRR) were estimated and calibrated to observed biomass. The RDR increased with initial root weight and temperature and SFFR was highest for light roots and lowest for heaviest roots, whereas the rest was allocated to fine root biomass. The length-to-biomass ratio of bg shoots decreased with initial root weight. Under between-year weather variations (2004–2010), the reduction in root biomass during the coldest April–May was simulated to be over 12 days delayed compared with the warmest spring. The influence of biomass allocation on bg shoot elongation of heavier roots was thus stimulated by a larger fraction of root biomass being depleted, but counteracted by a smaller fraction of it allocated into bg shoot elongation, compared with lighter roots. The complexity of shoot emergence based on root depletion estimates may be a reason why predictions based on only an accumulated root weight-specific temperature sum, as proposed by a previous study, are expected to be less uncertain than those based on root depletion estimates. 相似文献
20.
Roots are the main plant organs that supply nutrients, water, hormones and physical support for the plant. Phosphorus (P) is one of the most limiting and important elements in root growth and crop production. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of different sources of phosphorus treatments on root growth (root length, diameter and dry matter) of barley. The two glasshouse pot experiments results showed that under P deficiency, the weight of dry root significantly decreased and the total root length of whole plant significantly increased with decrease of root diameter. Our results suggested that soil fertility and root structure are widely recognized as important role of the soil community and plant growth, the root structure and root extension can directly and indirectly affected by soil fertility and specially P nutrient of the soil. Accordingly, root characteristics can determine the circumstance of plant growth and crop production. 相似文献