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以海南省全域耕地资源为研究对象,综合考虑耕地资源的经济产出价值、生态价值和社会服务价值,并利用模型进行量化测算,得出海南省耕地资源总价值为1 082 400.12元/hm2,其中,耕地资源经济价值为80 794.64元/hm2,占7.46%,耕地资源生态价值为302 477.37元/hm2,占27.95%,耕地资源社会价值为699 128.11元/hm2,占64.59%。建议海南省以耕地资源综合价值为基础继续适当提高征收耕地的补偿标准,建立耕地生态价值补偿机制,采取政府逐年补贴方式,将耕地的生态价值按照一定比例进行折算,逐年补贴给保护耕地的农民。同时明确接受补贴的耕地就要划为永久基本农田,不得转为其他用途使用,切实加强耕地保护。 相似文献
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Ogueke CC Nwosu JN Owuamanam CI Iwouno JN 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2010,13(10):489-496
Ugba is the Ibo name of the fermented African Oilbean seeds (Pentaclethra macrophylla, Benth). It is a traditional food condiment generally produced by natural (local) fermentation in homes as a small family business. It is an important and cheap source of protein for people whose staple foods are deficient in proteins. It is also eaten as a delicacy and used as flavouring for soup. This write up aims to review all published studies on ugba in the direction of the various methods used in the production, the chemical composition of the seeds, the microorganisms involved and the biochemical changes that occur during fermentation and optimization of the fermentation. The nutritional and food values, toxicological properties, health promoting potentials, microbiological safety as well as the storage and preservation have also been highlighted. 相似文献
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A. F. Reeves R. V. Akeley C. E. Cunningham H. J. Murphy R. H. True F. E. Manzer 《American Journal of Potato Research》1985,62(5):221-226
The Sunrise potato variety is an early maturing variety with round to oblong, moderately smooth, white skinned tubers with medium-shallow eyes. Its characteristics are closely parallel to those of Superior, except Sunrise is resistant to race A of the golden nematode (Globodera rostochiensis). Sunrise is primarily a table potato; however, in southern areas it can be used for chips when processed without prolonged storage at low temperatures. Sunrise is resistant to virus X and does not show the net necrosis symptoms caused by leafroll virus. Its parents are Wauseon and B 6563-2, a selection from the USDA breeding program. 相似文献
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Pomin VH 《Marine drugs》2012,10(4):793-811
Glycomics turned out to be a very extensive project where its subdivision is consequently emerging. This is seen by the growing number of terminologies used to define subprojects concerning particular classes of bioactive carbohydrates. Sulfated fucans (SFs) and sulfated galactans (SGs) are relatively new classes of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) that occur mostly in marine organisms, and exhibit a broad range of medicinal effects. Their structures are taxonomically dependent, and their therapeutic actions include benefits in inflammation, coagulation, thrombosis, angiogenesis, cancer, oxidation, and infections. Some red algae, marine angiosperm and invertebrates express SPs of unique structures composed of regular repeating oligomeric units of well-defined sulfation patterns. This fine pattern of structural regularity is quite rare among any naturally occurring long SPs, and enables accurate structure-biofunction correlations. Seeing that, fucanomics and galactanomics may comprise distinguished glycomics subprojects. We hereby discuss the relevance that justifies the international recognition of these subprojects in the current glycomics age associated with the beneficial outcomes that these glycans may offer in drug development. 相似文献
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Various parameters,e.g. types of microtiter plate for DAS-ELISA (double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), use of fresh or frozen amplifier solutions for enzyme-amplified-ELISA, and use of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaDIECA) in sample buffer in cocktail-ELISA were evaluated for the detection of potato viruses A, M, S, X, Y and leafroll from potato foliage. Dynatech Immulon immunoplates provided higher readings for all viruses. Fresh amplifier solution in amplifed-ELISA was superior to frozen solutions. Amplified ELISA gave only marginal improvement in the sensitivity over the standard DAS-ELISA. Addition of NaDIECA in sample buffer did not improve the detection of viruses in DAS-, amplified-, or cocktail-ELISA. Cocktail-ELISA can reduce antigen incubation time to as short as 15 min for PVA, PVM and PVX; 1 hr for PVY and PLRV; and 2–4 hr for PVS using pre-coated plates. Although amplified-ELISA is slightly more sensitive than DAS-ELISA for certain potato viruses, it is not suitable for large-scale indexing of potato viruses in Seed Certification Laboratories, in view of the additional steps needed in carrying out this procedure. 相似文献
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Jorge Lago Laura P. Rodríguez Lucía Blanco Juan Manuel Vieites Ana G. Cabado 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6384-6406
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin responsible for many human intoxications and fatalities each year. The origin of TTX is unknown, but in the pufferfish, it seems to be produced by endosymbiotic bacteria that often seem to be passed down the food chain. The ingestion of contaminated pufferfish, considered the most delicious fish in Japan, is the usual route of toxicity. This neurotoxin, reported as a threat to human health in Asian countries, has spread to the Pacific and Mediterranean, due to the increase of temperature waters worldwide. TTX, for which there is no known antidote, inhibits sodium channel producing heart failure in many cases and consequently death. In Japan, a regulatory limit of 2 mg eq TTX/kg was established, although the restaurant preparation of “fugu” is strictly controlled by law and only chefs qualified are allowed to prepare the fish. Due to its paralysis effect, this neurotoxin could be used in the medical field as an analgesic to treat some cancer pains. 相似文献
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Alexandra S. Silchenko Anatoly I. Kalinovsky Sergey A. Avilov Pelageya V. Andrijaschenko Roman S. Popov Pavel S. Dmitrenok Ekaterina A. Chingizova Vladimir I. Kalinin 《Marine drugs》2021,19(8)
Six new triterpene tetra-, penta- and hexaosides, chitonoidosides A (1), A1 (2), B (3), C (4), D (5), and E (6), containing one or two sulfate groups, have been isolated from the Far-Eastern sea cucumber Psolus chitonoides, collected near Bering Island (Commander Islands) from the depth of 100–150 m. Three of the isolated compounds (1, 3 and 6) are characterized by the unusual aglycone of new type having 18(20)-ether bond and lacking a lactone in contrast with wide spread holostane derivatives. Another unexpected finding is 3-O-methylxylose residue as a terminal unit in the carbohydrate chains of chitonoidosides B (3), C (4), and E (6), which has never been found before in the glycosides from holothurians belonging to the Psolidae family. Moreover, this monosaccharide is sulfated in the compound 4 into unprecedented 3-O-methylxylose 4-O-sulfate residue. Chitonoidoside C (4) is characterized by tetrasaccharide moiety lacking a part of the bottom semi-chain, but having disaccharide fragment attached to C-4 of Xyl1. Such architecture is not common in sea cucumber glycosides. Cytotoxic activities of the compounds 1–5 against mouse and human erythrocytes and human cancer cell lines: adenocarcinoma HeLa, colorectal adenocarcinoma DLD-1, and leukemia promyeloblast HL-60 cells were studied. The cytotoxic effect of chitonoidoside d (5) was the most significant in this series due to the presence of pentasaccharide disulfated sugar chain in combination with holostane aglycone. Surprisingly, the glycosides 1 and 3, comprising the new aglycone without γ-lactone, demonstrated similar activity to the known compounds with holostane aglycones. Chitonoidoside C (4) was less cytotoxic due to the different architecture of the carbohydrate chain compared to the other glycosides and probably due to the presence of a sulfate group at C-4 in 3-O-MeXyl4. 相似文献
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开花时间(抽穗期)是农作物一个重要的农艺性状,与农作物的产量息息相关。调节农作物的开花抽穗时间是提高农作物产量的一条重要途径。为了揭示水稻开花时间基因OsDTH10在水稻抽穗期调控中的功能,利用反向遗传学方法构建了水稻OsDTH10基因过量表达载体,获得转基因植株,分析目的基因在过量表达条件下的功能。结果表明,过量表达OsDTH10导致水稻的抽穗期推迟;RT-PCR检测结果表明OsDTH10的表达量在晚抽穗的转基因株系中明显提高,但在没有表型的转基因株系及野生型中表达量较低,说明晚抽穗的表型是由于OsDTH10过量表达所致。组织特异性表达结果表明OsDTH10在植物的不同器官中都有表达,但在水稻的茎、叶鞘中表达量较高。分析OsDTH10在不同叶龄叶片中的表达,结果表明OsDTH10在未完全展开的剑叶叶片及倒2叶中的表达量较高,但在下部较老的倒3叶及倒4叶中的表达量下降。另外,分析OsDTH10在不同光周期条件下的昼夜节律性表达,结果表明无论在短日照还是长日照条件下,OsDTH10都在白天(光期)有表达高峰,在夜晚(暗期)表达降低,表明OsDTH10可能涉及光周期调控通路调节水稻的抽穗期。 相似文献
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Phytosterol,Squalene, Tocopherol Content and Fatty Acid Profile of Selected Seeds,Grains, and Legumes 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Ryan E Galvin K O'Connor TP Maguire AR O'Brien NM 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2007,62(3):85-91
The unsaponifiable lipid fraction of plant-based foods is a potential source of bioactive components such as phytosterols,
squalene, and tocopherols. The objective of the present study was to determine the levels of phytosterols, and squalene, as
well as tocopherols (α and β + γ) in selected grains, seeds, and legumes. The method comprised acid hydrolysis and lipid extraction
followed by alkaline saponification, prior to analysis by HPLC. In addition, the fatty acid profile of the foods was determined
via total lipid extraction, fatty acid derivitisation and GC analysis. In general, β-sitosterol was the most prevalent phytosterol,
ranging in concentration from 24.9 mg/100 g in pumpkin seed to 191.4 mg/100 g in peas. Squalene identified in all foods examined
in this study, was particularly abundant in pumpkin seed (89.0 mg/100 g). The sum of α- and β+ γ-tocopherols ranged from 0.1 mg/100 g
in rye to 15.9 mg/100 g in pumpkin seeds. Total oil content ranged from 0.9% (w/w) in butter beans to 42.3% (w/w) in pumpkin seed and the type of fat, in all foods examined, was predominantly unsaturated. In conclusion, seeds, grains,
and legumes are a rich natural source of phytosterols. Additionally, they contain noticeable amounts of squalene and tocopherols,
and in general, their fatty acid profile is favorable. 相似文献
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Elizabeth A. Kellogg 《Rice》2009,2(1):1-14
Rice is a member of the genus Oryza, which has a history extending back into the Miocene. Oryza is in turn a member of the tribe Oryzeae, which along with the tribe Ehrharteae is included in the subfamily Ehrhartoideae. This paper reviews current knowledge of the genus, tribe and subfamily, and places rice in the larger evolutionary context of the entire grass family. The morphological characteristics of rice are an amalgam of characters that have originated at different times in its long evolutionary history. Increasingly, genomic characteristics are also being placed in a broad evolutionary context and it is becoming possible see which are characteristic of all grasses and which are more restricted to the genus Oryza or even to rice itself. 相似文献
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大致说来,一万年前是中国稻作的起源时期,一千年前则是中国稻作传统的形成时期,而最近一百年则是中国稻作发展最快的时期。用一百年、一千年、一万年这三个大致的时间节点,全景展示中国稻米的历史、稻米对于国计民生的重要性、千百年来中国人民为解决吃饭问题所做的努力、近百年来中国稻作科技的发展与进步,展望未来稻米所可能遇到的挑战和前景。 相似文献
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通过对我国海南、云南、广东三大植胶区橡胶产业发展情况的调研,简要阐述橡胶采胶及病虫害防控方面的现状。探讨分析橡胶采胶及病虫害方面所面临的采胶技术管理执行不够好,橡胶树割面干涸病防控技术仍未获得突破,橡胶树常规病虫危害日趋严重及新病虫害不断涌现,橡胶栽培技术经济合理性研究不够等问题。提出通过切实做好采胶技术管理,割面干涸病防控技术研发,高效安全的采胶技术及新型刺激剂复方的研发,橡胶树突发病虫害监测预报及应急防控技术,橡胶树根病综合防控及植保药物技术研发等建议,发展提升橡胶产业整体水平。 相似文献
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A. L. Thompson B. L. Farnsworth G. A. Secor N. C. Gudmestad D. A. Preston H. Hatterman-Valenti 《American Journal of Potato Research》2006,83(5):373-379
‘Dakota Jewel’ is a medium- to late-maturing potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar; however, tuber maturity is early. Tubers are smooth, round to oblong in shape, with bright red skin and white flesh. Dakota Jewel is suitable for the fresh tablestock market, both directly from the field and following storage. Yield potential is medium, with total yield, U.S. No. 1s and percentage U.S. No. 1s of Dakota Jewel equal to those of Red Norland; size distribution is similar. Dakota Jewel sizes early, retains its color in storage, and has strong dormancy. It is susceptible to hollow heart. A mean specific gravity of 1.077 across non-irrigated and irrigated sites in North Dakota is much higher than Red Norland and Red Pontiac, standard red tablestock cultivars. Sensory evaluation scores of baked, boiled, and microwaved tubers are similar to Red Norland and Red Pontiac. Dakota Jewel was released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station on 26 March 2004. 相似文献
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C. H. Dearborn 《American Journal of Potato Research》1977,54(8):365-369
‘Alaska Red’ is the first red-skinned potato bred and selected in Alaska as a clone suitable for the fresh potato market. Its parents are Alaska Clone 11-57-1-59 and ‘Red Beauty’. It is a high yielding, medium specific gravity potato with uniform skin and eye basin color, shallow eyes, uniform oval-to-flattened shape and is very attractive. The flesh is snowy white and remains white after boiling. Alaska Red keeps well in storage at 38°F (3.3°C). Scab of the tubers is the only disease that has been observed. In this subarctic region, flowers abort in the early bud stage. Red-skinned potato varieties available to Alaskan growers for the past quarter century have been unsatisfactory due to one or more of the following characteristics: low dry matter content, poor yield, uneven skin pigmentation and internal or external tuber cracking. Although consumers buy far less red than white-skinned potatoes, the demand brings Florida “reds” to Alaska as well as “reds” from other regions so that there is a year round outlet. Imported “reds” never approach the high quality of Alaskan grown “reds”. During the screening of seedlings, ‘Red Beauty’ was selected as a parental line because of its excellent conformation, skin color and eye arrangement. Low yield and shatter cracking made it unsuitable for commercial production. Alaska Red is a selection from seedlings of the cross Ak. 11-57-1-59 and Red Beauty made in 1965 and is the first red-skinned potato released from Alaska’s potato breeding. It was first evaluated by potato growers in 1972 and released in 1976 by the Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Box AE, Palmer, Alaska 99645. 相似文献
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《Industrial Crops and Products》2002,15(3):179-188
Treatment of solvent extracted wheat, rice, rye, and barley straws, maize stems, and fast-growing poplar wood with 60% aqueous ethanol in 0.2 M HCl at 75 °C for 3 h released 51.8, 51.2, 47.2, 43.7, 54.0, and 16.7% of the original lignin, and 44.3, 50.3, 30.9, 36.1, 40.0, and 25.5% of the original hemicelluloses, respectively. It was found that the bulk of p-coumaric acid (PCA) (67.0–83.5%) was esterified at the lignin side chains, while ferulic acid (FA) is linked to lignin side chains through both ether bonds (51.6–68.3%) and ester bonds (31.7–48.4%), indicating that FA may form intra- and/or inter-molecular ester–ether bridges between lignin fragments, which is first proposed in this study. In addition to p-hydroxybenzoic acid esterified to lignins in the cell walls of wheat straw and fast-growing poplar wood, a small portion of ether-linked p-hydroxybenzoic acid in the lignin preparations, obtained from rice, rye, and barley straws and maize stems, was also detected. It was also detected that noticeable amounts of syringic and vanillic acids were predominantly esterified to the lignin molecules in the cell walls of the materials studied. 相似文献