Eryngium bornmuelleri Nab. (Tusî) is an endemic botanical from the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey traditionally used for preparation of herbal tea. Within this study, phenolic composition, antioxidant capacities and inhibitory activities towards selected digestive enzymes of E. bornmuelleri leaf were investigated. Sequential extracts, obtained by extraction of plant tissue by ethanol, acetone and water exhibited pronounced antioxidant capacities and in a dose-dependent manner suppressed the metabolic syndrome related enzymes: α-amylase, α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. All extracts contained high levels of phenolic compounds. Flavonoid glycosides were the main phytochemicals detected, with rutin as the major compound (70 % of total phenolics). Chlorogenic, hydroxybenzoic and caftaric acids as well as traces of caffeic, ferulic and rosmarinic acids were also detected. Correlation analysis indicated that phenolic compounds were the major sources of the enzyme-inhibitory activities. This study suggests that E. bornmuelleri leaf extracts can modulate the metabolism of sugars and fats through inhibition of the relevant digestive enzymes. 相似文献
Anthocyanins are flavonoids, a subgroup of phenolic compounds in bran of purple rice that have shown health benefits in animal studies and human clinical trials. We studied the genetic diversity of the concentrations of total phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins, and, antiradical capacity in diverse purple rice brans. More than 13-, 12-, 25- and 8-fold variations were found for these respective traits. Cyanidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside were the major anthocyanins identified. The color parameter b* of whole grain rice was correlated with anthocyanins and can be used as a non-destructive quick screening tool. Purple brans that accumulated both anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins had the highest total phenolics, total flavonoids, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity among all color brans. Purple brans had the widest genotypic diversity of these chemical traits, followed by red, brown, light brown, and white. In terms of antioxidant properties of total flavonoid compounds in the sample extracts, purple and red brans had similar reducing capacity per unit of total flavonoids; while purple bran had higher oxygen radical absorbance capacity per unit of total flavonoids. In conclusion, new rice cultivars with colored bran having specific amounts and types of phenolic compounds can be developed using traditional breeding. 相似文献
White, blue, red and purple corns (Zea mays L.) were lime-cooked to obtain masa for tortillas. The total phenolics and anthocyanins content, antioxidant activity expressed
as total reducing power (TRP), peroxyl radical bleaching (PRAC), total antioxidant activity (TAA) and quinone reductase (QR)
induction in the murine hepatoma (Hepa 1 c1c7 cell line) as a biological marker for phase II detoxification enzymes were investigated.
Among the extracts prepared from raw corn varieties the highest concentration of total phenolics, anthocyanins, antioxidant
index and induction of QR-inducing activity were found in the Veracruz 42 (Ver 42) genotype. The nixtamalization process (masa)
reduced total phenolics, anthocyanins and antioxidant activities and the ability for QR induction when was compared to raw
grain. Processing masa into tortillas also negatively affected total phenolics, anthocyanin concentration, antioxidant activities,
and QR induction in the colored corn varieties. The blue variety and its corresponding masa and tortillas did not induce QR.
Ver 42 genotype and their products (masa and tortilla) showed the greatest antioxidant activity and capacity to induce QR 相似文献
High antioxidant capacity molecules, such as anthocyanins, occur naturally in blackberry (Rubus fruticosus). In particular, ‘Dasha’ blackberry cultivar has scarcely been studied and, it is becoming economically more important in Mexico. In this study, several blackberry extraction conditions, conferred different amounts of detectable phytochemical groups that in turn were analysed with a new approach to investigate their influence on antioxidant capacity (AC). Additionally, a central composite design (CCD) was proposed to study effects of temperature and acidification on AC. Finally, an original approach was used to disclose interactions between the phytochemical content and the AC. Changes in size of the particles during extraction were reported for the first time, and the results showed evidence of swelling and dissolving of particles. UAE of fine and thick powders achieved similar efficiencies in contrast with maceration which showed large differences for the extraction of the tested sizes. CCD showed that low levels of acidification and high levels of temperature resulted in higher extraction of phytochemicals and AC. HPLC show that the main anthocyanidin may represent 88% of the total anthocyanins. Due to its relatively high abundance, cyanidyn-3-glucoside showed evidence of being the main cause of the changes in AC in ‘Dasha’ extracts. The use of mild conditions resulted in no degradation of anthocyanins and, therefore, there are no AC losses. A correlation plane was proposed to study synergisms of the extracts with other anthocyanins or phenolics. 相似文献
The total phenolics contents, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and starch hydrolase inhibitory activity of the aqueous extracts of 10 edible plants and the stability of these parameters after the gastric and duodenal digestion in an in vitro model was investigated. The TAC was evaluated using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH?) and 2, 2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS?+) radical scavenging assays. Characterization and quantification of five polyphenol compounds which were previously identified to be present in all the selected plants were carried out. None of the extracts showed a decrease in the total phenolics content or the ORAC and FRAP values following digestion. None of the quantified phenolic compounds had decreased during any of the digestion phases – an observation which was deemed as beneficial in terms of therapeutic properties. Overall, the parameters analyzed were relatively stable throughout the digestive process in all the extracts.
The lime-cooking extrusion represents an alternative technology for manufacturing pre-gelatinized flours for tortillas with the advantages of saving energy and generation of null effluents. The phytochemical profiles (total phenolics, anthocyanins) and antioxidant activity of four different types of whole pigmented Mexican maize [white (WM), yellow (YM), red (RM), blue maize (BM)] processed into tortillas were studied. The lime-cooking extrusion process caused a significant decrease (p?相似文献
Insect pests are a major constraint to cowpea production in Africa. Therefore the aim of this study was to identify cowpea material that exhibit greater pest resistance and grain yield for evaluation by farmers. About 45 cowpea genotypes were assayed for flavonoids and anthocyanins with the objective of quantifying the levels of these phenolics in seed extracts as markers for effective plant defence. The results revealed significant differences in the concentration of flavonoids and anthocyanins in seed extract. Farmer varieties such as Sanzie, Bensogla and Omondaw exhibited much higher levels of phenolics compared with improved genotypes like ITH98-46, TVu1509 and IT93K-452-1. When planted in the field in Ghana and Tanzania, the genotypes that had high concentrations of flavonoids and anthocyanins in seed extracts (e.g. Bensogla, Omondaw and IT86D-2075) showed relatively lower infestation by thrips, pod-sucking bugs, aphids and alcidodes. Providing minimum protection with insecticide spray further showed that, genotypes with low infestation by thrips and pod-sucking bugs produced more grain yield without spraying, an indication of their natural resistance to these insect pests. Furthermore, farmer-selected varieties such as Sanzie, Bensogla, and Omondaw produced more grain yield without protection than their improved counterparts. These results showed that the higher the concentration of flavonoids and anthocyanins in cowpea seed extracts, the lower the insect pest incidence on seedlings raised from those seeds. Correlation analysis further confirmed a direct relationship between high flavonoids/anthocyanins in seed extracts and enhanced insect pest. 相似文献
Edible fruits of the native South American tree Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq. are consumed fresh or in traditional food, drink and medicinal preparations. Some therapeutic effects of these fruits
may be due to phenolics and sugars. Aqueous acetone, methanol or ethanol tissue extracts of different cultivars or collections
of M. bijugatus fruits from the Dominican Republic and Florida were analyzed for total phenolics and free radical scavenging activity by
UV-vis spectroscopy, sugars by gas chromatography, and antimicrobial activity by the disc diffusion assay. Total phenolics
and free radical scavenging activities ranked: seed coat > embryo > pulp extracts. Montgomery cultivar fruits had the highest
total phenolics. For sugars: pulp > embryo and highest in Punta Cana fruit pulp. In all extracts: sucrose > glucose and fructose.
Glucose:fructose ratios were 1:1 (pulp) and 0.2:1 (embryo). Pulp extracts had dose-response antibacterial activity and pulp
and embryo extracts had antifungal activity against one yeast species. Phenolics and sugars were confirmed with thin-layer
chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance. Sugar-free pulp fractions containing phenolics had slightly more antimicrobial
activity than H2O-soluble pulp fractions with sugars. Results indicate M. bijugatus fruits contain phenolics, sugars and other H2O-soluble compounds consistent with therapeutic uses.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
This study determined the profile of hydrophobic phytochemicals (steroid-like components and lipophilic phenolics) and antioxidant potential (DPPH and Rancimat tests) of wheat grain in relation to sowing date (standard vs. delayed) using six cultivars of Triticum aestivum wheat grown in Poland. The study found that “sowing time” generally had a low impact on sterols, carotenoids, squalene and total lipophilic phenolics in wheat grain. The highest impact of “sowing time” was noted for α-tocopherol, C19:0 alkylresorcinol and campesterol. Delayed sowing reduced their content by up to 9%. The antioxidant potential of grain extracts obtained by the use of water-saturated butanol (WSB) was mostly cultivar-dependent (depending on assay: DPPH 56.3% and Rancimat 75.1% of explained variation, respectively). Wheat grain WSB extracts increased rapeseed oil induction time by up to 21% and their antioxidant capacity was up to 1.24 μM TEg−1. 相似文献
Free and bound phenolics extracts from nejayote solids were obtained after optimally lime-cooking blue, normal white, red,
normal yellow, high-carotenoid and quality protein maize types. The extraction yield ranged from 4.47 to 10.05%. Bound phenolics
extracts had higher content of total phenolics, antioxidant activity and ferulic acid compared to the free phenolics extracts.
In general, free phenolics extracts were less cytotoxic than the bound phenolics counterparts. Bound phenolics extracts had
higher induction of quinone reductase (QR) and particularly the normal yellow nejayote exerted the highest chemopreventive
index tested in Hepa1c1c7 cells. When tested for monofunctional phase 2 induction capacity in BPrc1 cells, the bound phenolics
extracts of blue, normal white and quality protein nejayotes were better inducers than the normal yellow counterpart. Particularly,
the free phenolics extract of the white maize nejayote induced BPrc1 cells QR and exerted a higher chemopreventive index compared
to the bound phenolics extract. Therefore, the nejayote of the normal white maize was the best source of monofunctional phase
2 enzyme inducers. 相似文献
The effect of two bacterial strains to enhance bioactive contents (total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid compounds and isoflavones) and antioxidant activity on 3-day-old soybean sprouts were investigated. To identify bacterial determinants responsible for these effects, viable and UV-treated strains were delivered to wounded seeds at different concentration. Multivariate analysis performed with all the evaluated parameters indicated the different effectiveness of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia N5.18 and Pseudomonas fluorescens N21.4 based on different structural and metabolic determinants for each. N21.4 increased total phenolics and isoflavones from the genistein family, while N5.18 triggered biosynthesis of daidzein and genistein families coupled to a decrease in total phenolics, suggesting different molecular targets in the phenilpropanoid pathway. Only extracts from N5.18 treated seeds showed an improved antioxidant activity according to the β-carotene bleaching prevention method. In summary, bioeffectors from both bacterial strains are effective tools to improve soybean sprouts quality; structural elicitors from N5.18 also enhanced antioxidant activity, being the best alternative for further development of a biotechnological procedure. 相似文献
Anthocyanins are water soluble pigments which have been proved to exhibit health benefits. Several studies have investigated their effects on several types of cancer, but little attention has been given to melanoma. The phytochemical content of nine different berry samples was assessed by liquid chromatography followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI+-MS). Twenty-six anthocyanins were identified, after a previous C18 Sep-pak clean-up procedure. Chokeberry and red grape anthocyanins rich extracts (C-ARE and RG-ARE) were selected to be tested on normal and melanoma cell lines, due to their different chemical pattern. C-ARE composition consists of cyanidin aglycone glycosylated with different sugars; while RG-ARE contains glucosylated derivatives of five different aglycones. Both C-ARE and RG-ARE anthocyanins reduced proliferation, increased oxidative stress biomarkers and diminished mitochondrial membrane potential in melanoma cells, having no negative influence on normal cells. A synergistic response may be attributed to the five different aglycones present in RG-ARE, which proved to exert greater effects on melanoma cells than the mixture of cyanidin derivatives with different sugars (C-ARE). In conclusion, C-ARE and RG-ARE anthocyanins may inhibit melanoma cell proliferation and increase the level of oxidative stress, with opposite effect on normal cells. Therefore, anthocyanins might be recommended as active ingredients for cosmetic and nutraceutical industry.
Eleven red currant varieties (Ribes rubrum L.) cultured in Serbia were evaluated for some of their biochemical properties such as total phenolics, anthocyanins, ascorbic
acid, invert sugar, soluble solid content, and acidity. The average amount of ascorbic acid varied from 50.5–71.6 mg/100 g
FW, while concentration of invert sugars ranged from 6.0%–9.0%. The highest amounts of total phenolics and anthocyanins were
detected in variety Redpoll (153.4 mg GAE/100 g FW and 19.3 mg/100 g, respectively). Red currants were processed to juice,
and the phenolic and anthocyanin contents changed as a result of processing. Berries and juices were long-term stored at −18 °C
and changes in phytochemicals were monitored. In berries, storage caused the decrease of ascorbic acid content up to 49%,
and a general reduction of total phenolics was also noticed. In juices, total phenolics content increased after one year of
storage. In both berries and juices total anthocyanins increased during storage by up to 85% and 50%, respectively. This study
demonstrates that certain varieties, namely Redpoll, Jonkheer and London Market are good source of phytochemicals, retaining
the nutritional value during processing and storage. 相似文献
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Effects of different factors on the content of phenolics, anthocyanins, antioxidants and colour parameters in two varieties of Aronia and three varieties of... 相似文献
The purpose of the research was to identify the phenolic and flavonoid compounds of seven different traditional pigmented whole rice cultivars grown in the temperate regions of Kashmir so as to study their relationship with in vitro antioxidant capacities. The completely pigmented rice cultivars were found to have higher phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin contents and exhibited higher antioxidant capacities than the light colored and sparely colored rice cultivars. A total of 40 compounds had been identified in the analyzed rice cultivars that were found to be distributed in 6 major categories with 6-phenolics, 6-flavonoids, 11-hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, 7-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, 3-anthocyanins and 7-flavonoid glucosides of different flavonoid compounds. Among the free and bound fractions for each cultivars the light and sparsely colored depicted higher content of phenolics and in vitro antioxidant properties in bound faction, while the completely pigmented cultivars showed higher antioxidant properties in free fractions. The anthocyanins quercetin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and pelargonidin-3-O-diglucoside had been identified by LC-MS existing in the free fractions of the analyzed rice cultivars whereas, the free fraction of acetone + H2O possessed higher percentage of phenolic compounds as compared to methanolic extracts and bound fractions. The black colored cultivars possessed higher DPPH scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition. 相似文献
Arbutus unedo, Prunus spinosa, Rosa micrantha and Rosa canina are good sources of phenolic compounds, including anthocyanins. These compounds have potent antioxidant properties, which have been related to anticancer activity. Herein, the in vitro antioxidant and antitumor properties of enriched phenolic extracts (non-anthocyanin phenolic compounds enriched extract- PE and anthocyanins enriched extract- AE) of the mentioned wild fruits were evaluated and compared. PE gave higher bioactive properties than the corresponding AE. It was observed a high capacity of A. unedo phenolic extract to inhibit lipid peroxidation in animal brain homogenates (EC50?=?7.21 μg/mL), as also a high antitumor potential against NCI-H460 human cell line (non-small lung cancer; GI50?=?37.68 μg/mL), which could be related to the presence of galloyl derivatives (exclusively found in this species). The bioactivity of the studied wild fruits proved to be more related to the phenolic compounds profile than to the amounts present in each extract, and could be considered in the design of new formulations of dietary supplements or functional foods. 相似文献
Chemical composition and the effects of domestic processing and storage were studied in organically cultivated or wild growing
berries, harvested in certificated area in Serbia. The total phenolics content in fresh berries ranged from 380 to 1660 mg
GAE/100 g. The phenolic content decreased during the processing to jams, and storage in almost all samples, except in black
currant. Among fresh berries, the highest amount of total anthocyanins was found in bilberry (0.61 ± 0.03 %). Processing and
storage caused decrease in anthocyanin content. The most ubiquitous anthocyanin aglycone was found to be cyanidin. Ellagic
acid was detected in fresh and frozen black raspberries and related jams, and its content increases during thermal processing
to jam. Among fresh berries, bilberry showed the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 0.82 mg/ml. However, frozen as well as processed berries in our study still showed comparable high values of radical
scavenging activity. After 9 months of storage all investigated jams were microbiologicaly correct. Regardless of the losses
in the amount of total phenolics, total anthocyanins and radical scavenging activity, frozen berries and related jams are
still excellent sources of nutritional substances with antioxidant potential. 相似文献
The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the biological, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and antiproliferative activities
of different extracts of mungbean seeds and sprouts. All extracts from the sprouts showed higher contents of total phenolics
(TP), total flavonoids (TF), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity than from seeds. The highest
DPPH and tyrosinase inhibition activities were registered in ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract. ADH activity of methanol (MeOH),
n-hexane (n-hexane) and n-butanol (n-BuOH) extracts from sprouts was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than from seeds. However, the highest ADH activity was found in water extract of seeds. According to 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol
-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay, extracts from sprouts were more effective against Calu-6 (human pulmonary
carcinoma) and SNU-601 (human gastric carcinoma) cells than from seeds. EtOAc extract showed the highest antiproliferative
activity in both sprouts and seeds, followed by n-hexane extraction. During sprouting of mungbean, all the studied components
significantly increased. In conclusion, the extracts of sprouts are more effective than from seeds and could be a potential
source of antioxidants linked with health benefits. 相似文献
