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1.
This study investigated the effects of dioscorea opposite waste(DOW) on the growth performance, blood parameters, rumen fermentation and rumen microbiota of weaned lambs. Sixty healthy weaned Small-Tailed Han lambs(male,(22.68±2.56) kg initially) were used as the experimental animals. Four levels of concentrate: 0(control, CON), 10%(DOW1), 15%(DOW2) and 20%(DOW3), were replaced with DOW in the basal diet as experimental treatments. The results showed that lambs fed the DOW2 diet had a higher(P&l...  相似文献   

2.
Although fungal communities in the gastrointestinal tract have a significant role in animal health and performance, their dynamics within the tract are not well known. Thus, this study investigated fungal community dynamics in the rumen and rectum of lambs from birth to 4 mon of age by using IT1S rDNA sequencing technology together with the RandomForest approach to determine age-related changes in the fungal ecology. The results indicated that gastrointestinal fungal community composition, diversity, and abundance altered (P<0.05) with the increasing age of the lambs. Two phyla, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, dominated the samples. Similarity within age groups of the rumen fungi increased sharply after 45 days of age, while the similarity increased (P<0.05) significantly after 60 days of age in the rectum. The age-related genera, Acremonium, Microascus, Valsonectria, Myrmecridium, Scopulariopsis, Myrothecium, Saccharomyces, and Stephanonectria, were presented in both ruminal and rectal communities, and their changes in relative abundance were consistent at both sites. The principal coordinates analysis showed significant differences (P<0.05) between the fungal communities in the rumen and rectum. Our findings demonstrate that both the age of lambs and the gastrointestinal tract region can affect the composition of these fungal communities, and this provides new insight and directions for future studies in this research area.  相似文献   

3.
Early bacterial colonization and succession within the gastrointestinal tract have been suggested to be crucial in the development of host immunity. In this study, we have investigated the changes in live weight and concentrations of selected serum parameters in relation to their fecal bacterial communities as determined by high throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene over the same period in lambs. The results showed that lambs’ growth performance, the serum parameters, fecal bacterial community and fecal bacterial functions were all affected (P<0.05) by age of the lambs. Similarity within age groups of fecal microbiota was lower in the preweaning period and increased sharply (P<0.05) after weaning at 60 days. The similarity between the samples collected from birth to 90 days of age and those collected at 120 days of age, increased (P<0.05) sharply after 30 days of age. Some age-associated changes in microbial genera were correlated with the changes in concentrations of immune indicators, including negative (P<0.05) correlations between the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae UCG-010, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group, Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, Ruminococcaceae UCG-009, Ruminococcaceae UCG-013, Ruminiclostridium 6, Ruminococcaceae UCG-008, and Oscillibacter with serum concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), D-lactate dehydrogenase (DLA), immunoglobulin (IgA, IgM, and IgG), and cytokines (interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-12, and IL-17), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and the relative abundance of these genera increased from 45 days of age. In conclusion, these results suggested that the age-related abundances of particular genera were correlated with serum markers of immunity in lambs, and there might be a critical window in the period from birth to 45 days of age which provide an opportunity for potential manipulation of the fecal microbial ecosystems to enhance immune function.  相似文献   

4.
为了研究不同蛋白水平对育肥藏羊瘤胃细菌多样性的影响，选取健康且体况相近的3月龄早期断奶藏羊公羔15只，平均体重为(（22.05 ± 2.06) kg，随机分为3组，日粮粗蛋白水平分别为10.08%（Ⅰ组），12.84%（Ⅱ组）和14.97%（Ⅲ组）。预试期7 d，正试期112 d。饲养实验结束后对试验羊进行屠宰并于不同位点采集瘤胃液样品，测定瘤胃细菌的相对丰度。结果表明：（1）Shannon指数和Simpson指数各组之间无显著性差异（P > 0.05），ACE指数和Chao l指数Ⅰ组显著高于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组（P < 0.05）。（2）门水平下，拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）为瘤胃细菌的优势菌门，且均随日粮蛋白水平提高而显著增加（P < 0.05）；变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和放线菌门（Actinobacteria）相对丰度Ⅱ组显著较高（P > 0.05）。（3）科水平下，毛螺菌科（Lachnospiraceae）相对丰度较高，但各组之间差异不显著（P > 0.05）； 瘤胃球菌科（Ruminococcaceae）相对丰度Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组显著高于Ⅰ组（P < 0.05）；韦荣氏菌科（Veillonellaceae）相对丰度Ⅲ组显著高于Ⅰ组（P < 0.05）。（4）属水平下，Prevotella（普雷沃氏菌属）的相对丰度Ⅲ组显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组（P < 0.05），瘤胃球菌属（Ruminococcus）Ⅱ组相对丰度显著较高（P < 0.05）。 （5）PCA分析显示各组间瘤胃细菌结构差异不明显，但采食低蛋白水平日粮的藏羊瘤胃细菌相似度更高，能更好聚类在一起。综上可知，不同蛋白水平对育肥藏羊瘤胃细菌多样性无显著影响，但可影响其丰富度；同时随着日粮蛋白水平的提高，厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）相对丰度显著增加，普雷沃氏菌属（Prevotella）在日粮蛋白水平为14.97%时更适宜生长，瘤胃球菌属（Ruminococcus）则在日粮蛋白水平为12.84%时活性更高。  相似文献   

5.
The objective of this study was to observe the forage yield, silage fermentative quality, anthocyanin stability, and antioxidant activity during the storage period and in vitro rumen fermentation of anthocyanin-rich purple corn (Zea mays L.) stover (PS) and sticky corn stover (SS). Forage yield of corn stover was weighed and ensiled with two treatments: (1) hybrid sticky waxy corn stover (control), and (2) hybrid purple waxy corn stover (treatment). Samples were stored in mini-silos for periods of 0, 7, 14, 21, 42, 63, 84, and 105 d. The results showed that PS had significantly higher (P<0.05) yields of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and total anthocyanins than that of the SS. Anthocyanin-rich purple corn stover silage (PSS) showed higher (P<0.05) levels of DM and CP relative to the sticky corn stover silage (SSS). Although anthocyanin-rich PSS displayed a lower (P<0.05) level of pelargonidin-3-glucoside (P3G), it had higher (P<0.05) levels of peonidin (Peo) and pelargonidin (Pel) compared to the control. Delphinidin (Del) and malvidin (Mal) were not detected in SSS during the ensilage period; in PSS, Del was no longer detected after 7 d of ensilage. Specifically, total anthocyanins in anthocyanin-rich PSS decreased rapidly (P<0.05) prior to 7 d of ensilage, and then remained at relatively stable (P>0.05) constants. Compared to the anthocyanin-rich PSS, SSS displayed significantly higher (P<0.05) pH value and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) content. Propionic acid (PA) at 0 d and butyric acid (BA) during the entire study period were not detected, whereas anthocyanin-rich PSS showed a higher (P<0.05) level of lactic acid (LA) than that of the SSS. Compared with the SSS extract, anthocyanin-rich PSS extract showed a higher (P<0.05) level of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and displayed a lower (P<0.05) half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value. Moreover, anthocyanin-rich PSS reduced (P<0.05) gas production (GP), and displayed lower levels of immediately soluble fraction and ratio of acetic acid (AA) to PA at 12 h, but the other parameters were unaffected (P>0.05) relative to the control. Taken together, the results indicated that: (1) anthocyanins could be stable in silage; (2) anthocyanin-rich PSS showed better silage fermentative quality and stronger antioxidant activity; and (3) anthocyanin-rich PSS had no negative effect on rumen fermentation parameters.  相似文献   

6.
【目的】以湖羊公羔为试验对象,探究早期断奶补饲和育肥前、后期饲粮NDF水平对羔羊生长发育和消化性能的持续影响,计算试验因素间的叠加效应,筛选出最佳的组合饲养方式。【方法】选取体重[ (8.26±2.14) kg]、日龄[(20±2) d]接近的健康湖羊公羔120只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每重复5只;饲粮NDF水平设置:育肥前期低（33%）高（38%）水平,育肥后期低（28%）高（33%）水平。4组处理分别为:早期断奶+育肥前低NDF饲粮+育肥后低NDF饲粮（EW-LL）;早期断奶+育肥前期低NDF饲粮+育肥后期高NDF饲粮（EW-LH）;早期断奶+育肥前期高NDF饲粮+育肥后期高NDF饲粮（EW-HH）;随母哺乳+育肥期前高NDF饲粮+育肥期后期高NDF饲粮（ER-HH）。早期断奶羔羊在20日龄由随母哺乳逐渐过渡到饲喂代乳粉,同时补饲开食料,所有试验羔羊育肥周期为61-180日龄。试验期160 d。测定羔羊不同阶段体重和采食量,在羔羊2、4、6月龄进行消化代谢试验。【结果】1）4组羔羊全期体重无显著差异（P>0.05）,除46—65日龄,其余各阶段各组间日增重无显著差异（P>0.05）。2）早期断奶羔羊21—65日龄干物质采食量显著高于随母哺乳羔羊（P<0.05）,早期断奶组中,育肥前后期均采食低NDF水平饲粮的羔羊121—180日龄时颗粒料采食量显著高于其他两组（P<0.05）。3）早期断奶组羔羊哺乳期营养物质消化率及能氮利用率低于随母哺乳组。进入育肥期后,消化代谢能力优势转移,育肥前期低NDF组羔羊干物质、有机物消化率显著高于高NDF组（P<0.05）,叠加效应分析EW-LL组全期日增重增效最高,但早期断奶和育肥前期饲喂低NDF饲粮这两种饲喂方式的叠加效果为-50.57%。【结论】从整个育肥周期来看,早期断奶补饲代乳粉对羔羊生长性能有促进作用,育肥前期低NDF水平饲粮育肥效果相比高NDF水平效果较差;而育肥后期试验羔羊饲粮相同时,育肥前期饲喂低NDF饲粮的羔羊增重效果优于饲喂高NDF饲粮的羔羊。综合羔羊整个饲养阶段生长和消化代谢情况分析,饲养效果明显的4组顺序为EW-LL>EW-LH=EW-HH>ER-HH。本试验条件下推荐组合为早期断奶+育肥前期饲粮NDF水平33%+育肥后期饲粮NDF水平28%。  相似文献   

7.
Isolated ruminal epithelia from caudal blind sacs of dairy goats were incubated with butyrate and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) at different concentrations. Proportions of ruminal epithelium in different phases of the cell division cycle were determined by flow cytometric analysis. The proportion of epithelial cells in S phase and G2-M phase (PS&G2-M) increased significantly (P<0.01) whereas the proportion of epithelial cells in G0-G1 phase (PG0-G1) decreased after incubation with IGF-1. PS&G2-M decreased whereas PG0-G1 increased markedly (P<0.01) after incubation with sodium butyrate. PS&G2-M incubated with IGF-1 and butyrate sodium together increased more than that incubated with IGF-1 alone; PG0-G1, however, decreased significantly (P<0.01). Our results indicate that IGF-1 enhances whereas sodium butyrate inhibits the proliferation of rumen epithelial cells. Furthermore, butyrate and IGF-1, together, have a synergic effect on the proliferation of rumen epithelium.  相似文献   

8.
In a completely randomized block design experiment, 16 ruminally cannulated male sheep with body weights of (40 ± 2.1) kg were fed twice daily (8:00 and 16:00) with concentrate and forage (50:50 on dry matter (DM) basis). Dietary treatments were supplemented with intraruminal doses of powdered Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) at the levels of 0 (control), 100, 200 and 300 mg · kg−1. On days of 15, 16 and 17 after feeding, ruminal content was sampled at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after dosing (8:00), and blood samples were collected at the end of experiment (the days 18 and 19 after feeding). Results showed that the treatment groups’ acidity was not affected (P = 0.13) by YSE. Comparing to the control, the ruminal propionate concentration was increased by YSE addition in a dose-dependent manner by up to 29.8% (P < 0.05), and the acetic concentration was decreased by up to 17.5% (P < 0.05). The ruminal ammonia concentration 2 hours after feeding was higher (P < 0.05) in sheep fed without YSE (increased by 17.57 mg· 100 mL−1) than those fed with YSE at 200 mg · kg−1 (6.77 mg · 100 mL−1 increase in NH3) and at 300 mg · kg−1 (6.50 mg· 100 mL−1 increase in NH3). Protozoal populations in the rumen were lower (P < 0.05) with the YSE feeding dose at 300 mg · kg−1 than the control. The serum chemistries were not different among treatments (P > 0.05) and were within the normal physiological ranges for sheep 19 days after feeding. The study indicated that 200 mg· kg−1 and 300 mg· kg−1 YSE groups had particular suppressing effects on ruminal ammonia concentration, ammonia-N concentrations and protozoal populations. The effect of YSE on ruminal fermentation could be attributed to the selective inhibitory effect on rumen microbial species. High level (300 mg · kg−1) YSE as feed additives resulted no negative impact on sheep in our tests.  相似文献   

9.
【目的】利用单栏系统测定个体的饲料效率相关性状与瘤胃组织形态学指标,探讨绵羊饲料效率与瘤胃组织形态的关系,为解析绵羊饲料效率性状的影响因素研究提供基础数据。【方法】随机选取出生日龄相近、系谱信息详细、健康状况良好的187湖羊公羔,56 d断奶后转入单栏饲养,过渡期14 d,预饲期10 d,正试期100 d。正试期内所有羊只仅饲喂颗粒饲料,自由采食及饮水,并在80 d和180 d晨饲前空腹测定其体重（body weight,BW）和80—180 d间的采食量（feed intake,FI）,计算平均日增重（average daily gain,ADG）、中期代谢体重（metabolic body weight, MBW）、饲料转化率（feed conversion rate,FCR）和剩余采食量（residual feed intake,RFI）等饲料效率相关性状并对其进行描述性统计,于180 d饲养结束后屠宰采集瘤胃腹囊组织1 cm2保存于4%甲醛溶液中,用于制作组织切片并观测其瘤胃乳头长度、宽度和肌层厚度。最后将其与饲料效率相关性状进行相关分析和方差分析。【结果】饲料效率相关性状的变异系数均大于10%,且剩余采食量最大与最小的个体每天的剩余采食量之差达0.57 kg。饲料效率相关性状间的表型相关分析表明剩余采食量与饲料转化率（r= 0.68）和采食量（r= 0.48）呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与初始体重（r=0）、末期体重（r= -0.01）和平均日增重（r= -0.02）无显著相关（P>0.05）。饲料效率相关性状与瘤胃组织形态相关性分析发现,瘤胃乳头长度与平均日增重、采食量、初始体重和末期体重呈显著或极显著正相关（P<0.05或P<0.01）,肌层厚度与平均日增重、采食量和末期体重呈显著或极显著正相关（P<0.05或P<0.01）,而剩余采食量和饲料转化率与瘤胃组织形态无显著相关。不同RFI组羔羊采食量、饲料转化率和瘤胃肌层厚度存在显著或极显著差异（P<0.05或P<0.01）,瘤胃乳头长、宽无显著差异（P>0.05）,其中High-RFI组羔羊采食量和饲料转化率极显著高于Low-RFI组（P<0.01）,肌层厚度显著高于Medium-RFI组（P<0.05）;不同FCR组羔羊的剩余采食量、采食量、ADG、初始体重、末期体重和乳头长度存在显著或极显著差异（P<0.05或P<0.01）,肌层厚度和乳头宽度差异不显著（P>0.05）,其中High-FCR组羔羊剩余采食量、采食量、ADG、初始体重和末期体重均显著或极显著高于Low-FCR组（P<0.05或P<0.01）,Medium-FCR组羔羊乳头长度显著长于Low-FCR组（P<0.05）;除瘤胃乳头宽度外,不同FI组羔羊的上述指标均存在显著或极显著差异（P<0.05或P<0.01）,且High-FI组羔羊的剩余采食量、饲料转化率、ADG、初始体重、末期体重、肌层厚度和乳头长度均显著或极显著高于Low-FI组（P<0.05或P<0.01）;不同ADG组羔羊采食量、饲料转化率、初始体重、末期体重和肌层厚度均存在显著或极显著差异（P<0.05或P<0.01）,乳头长度和乳头宽度无显著差异（P>0.05）,其中High-ADG组羔羊采食量、剩余采食量、初始体重、末期体重和肌层厚度均显著或极显著高于Low-ADG组,饲料转化率则极显著低于Low-ADG组。【结论】剩余采食量与采食量和饲料转化率等饲料效率性状呈极显著正相关,表明其可作为衡量饲料效率的潜在指标。剩余采食量和饲料转化率与瘤胃组织形态学指标无显著相关,采食量和平均日增重与瘤胃乳头长度和肌层厚度呈显著正相关,表明羔羊瘤胃组织形态对采食量和增重有显著影响,但其进一步的作用机制有待深入研究。  相似文献   

10.
《农业科学学报》2019,18(5):1080-1092
The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of different weaning methods on the ruminal methanogenic archaea composition and diversity in Holstein calves.Thirty-six newborn Holstein bull calves were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments:(1)conventional weaning(d 56)and fed a high proportion of solid feed(CWS);(2)conventional weaning(d 56)and fed a high proportion of liquid feed(CWL);(3)early weaning(d 42)and fed with a high proportion of solid feed(EWS).High-throughput sequencing of the methyl coenzyme M reductase(mcr A)gene,which encodes theα-subunit of methyl coenzyme M reductase-the enzyme that catalyzes the final step in methanogenesis was used to determine the composition and diversity of rumen methanogens.No significant difference(P0.05)was observed for operational taxonomic units(OTUs)or richness indices,but diversity indices increased(P0.05)for calves fed high dietary solids.Predominant families across the three treatments were Methanobacteriaceae,Thermoplasmataceae and Methanomassiliicoccaceae.Calves in the EWS treatment had a higher(P0.05)relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter sp.strain AbM4 and Methanosphaera stadtmanae,while calves in the CWL treatment had a higher(P0.05)abundance of Methanosphaera sp.strain SM9.A positive(P0.05)relationship was identified between butyrate and Methanobrevibacter sp.strain AbM4.In conclusion,the composition and diversity of methanogens in the rumen of Holstein calves varied under the different weaning methods.This study identified a positive relationship between butyrate and Methanobrevibacter sp.strain AbM4,potentially reflecting correlations between ruminal fermentation variables and methanogenesis function.These in-depth analyses provide further understanding of weaning methods for intensified production systems.  相似文献   

11.
为研究植物蜕皮甾酮、大蒜提取物、苍术提取物、桑叶提取物和牛蒡子提取物对瘤胃体外发酵的影响,试验利用体外产气量法设对照组(未添加组)和5个试验组,每种植物提取物的添加水平为1.5%,测定了发酵24和48h的DM消化率以及发酵96h的发酵参数。结果显示:1)和对照组相比,各试验组24hDM消化率无显著性差异(P0.05),植物蜕皮甾酮和大蒜提取物组48h的DM消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05);2)各植物提取物对96h产气量、理论最大产气量以及产气速率均无显著性影响(P0.05);3)各组之间pH无显著性差异(P0.05);植物蜕皮甾酮、桑叶提取物和苍术提取物组的NH3-N浓度显著低于对照组(P0.05);植物蜕皮甾酮和桑叶提取物显著降低了总挥发酸浓度(P0.05),而牛蒡子提取物显著提高了总挥发酸浓度(P0.05);各提取物均降低乙酸摩尔比,升高了丙酸的摩尔比,但差异不显著(P0.05)。添加上述提取物能够降低体外发酵NH3-N浓度、提高48hDM消化率,可以一定程度的改善瘤胃发酵模式。  相似文献   

12.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of lairage after transport on post mortem muscle glycolysis, protein phosphorylation and lamb meat quality. Two preslaughter animal treatments, transport for 3 h and lairage for 0 h (T3L0) and transport for 3 h and then lairage for 12 h (T3L12), were compared with a control treatment of 0 h transport and 0 h lairage. Data obtained showed that preslaughter transport had a significant effect on lamb meat quality. Loins from lambs of the T3L0 treatment showed higher (P=0.026) pH24 h and higher (P=0.021) pH48 h values, but lower (P<0.001) drip loss and lower (P<0.05) glycolytic potential at 0 h post mortem than those of the T3L12 and control groups. Muscle samples of the T3L0 group showed higher (P=0.046) shear force and lower (P=0.005) b* value than those of the T3L12 group. Muscle glycogen concentration at 0, 2, 4 h post mortem were lower (P<0.05) in the T3L0 group than in control. No significant difference (P>0.05) in most meat quality parameters was determined between the T3L12 group and control, showing lairage for 12 h allowed lambs to recover from the effects of transport for 3 h and resulted in similar meat quality characteristics compared to no transport. Lairage after transport did not affect most meat quality indices in comparison with control, but increased the meat drip loss and b* value of lambs possibly through decreasing glycogen concentration and glycolytic potential.  相似文献   

13.
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14.
The study was conducted to evaluate the effects on subsequent performance, carcass traits, jejunal histomorphology for broilers subjected to various time of feeding prestarter diet. For this purpose three hundreds day old Cobb 500 chickens were used. Chickens were grouped as a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. Prestarter diet was fed to 4, 6, 8 or 10 days of age. Starter diet was fed for variable times depending upon termination of feeding prestarter. Finisher diet was fed beginning at 22 days of age. Diets were identical in terms of all the nutrients levels. Morphometric indices of jejunum were measured at 10 days of age and the end of the production period. Increasing the duration of feeding prestarter diet significantly increased body weight and decreased FCR at 10 days of age (P < 0.05). However, treatments' effect on final BW was not significant (P > 0.05). The FCR of birds fed the prestarter for 10 days significantly lower from that of birds fed the prestarter for 4 days at the end of experiment (P < 0.05). The time of feeding prestarter diet had no significant effect on feed intake (P > 0.05). There was no significant effect of time of prestarter diet on dressing percentage, breast meat, legs or wings weight (P > 0.05). Different feeding strategies had significant effect on intestinal histomorphology (P < 0.05). Birds fed prestarter diet for the first 10 days had higher villi width and villus surface area (VSA) compared with other treatments at 10 days of age. Based on the data under the experimental conditions, the optimum time of feeding prestarter diet for birds grown to a target weight of approximately 2.2 kg appears to be 10 days.  相似文献   

15.
This study assessed the effects of lactic acid bacteria(LAB), cellulase, cellulase-producing Bacillus pumilus and their combinations on the fermentation characteristics, chemical composition, bacterial community and in vitro digestibility of alfalfa silage. A completely randomized design involving a 8(silage additives)×3 or 2(silage days) factorial arrangement of treatments was adopted in the present study. The 8 silage additive treatments were: untreated alfalfa(control); two commercial additives(GFJ and Chikuso-1); an originally selected LAB(Lactobacillus plantarum a214) isolated from alfalfa silage; a cellulase-producing Bacillus(CB) isolated from fresh alfalfa; cellulase(C); and the combined additives(a214+C and a214+CB). Silage fermentation characteristics, chemical composition and microorganism populations were analysed after 30, 60 and 65 days(60 days followed by exposure to air for five additional days). In vitro digestibility was analysed for 30 and 60 days. Compared with the other treatments, selected LAB a214, a214 combined with either C or CB, and Chikuso-1 had the decreased(P0.001) pH and increased(P0.001) lactic acid concentrations during the ensiling process, and there were no differences(P0.05) among them. Fiber degradation was not significant(P≥0.054) in any C or CB treatments. The a214 treatment showed the highest(P=0.009) in vitro digestibility of dry matter(595.0 g kg~(–1) DM) after ensiling and the highest abundance of Lactobacillus(69.42 and 79.81%, respectively) on days 60 and 65, compared to all of other treatments. Overall, the silage quality of alfalfa was improved with the addition of a214, which indicates its potential as an alfalfa silage inoculant.  相似文献   

16.
为研究添加不同水平的柴胡提取物对热应激条件下泌乳后期荷斯坦奶牛营养物质表观消化率和瘤胃发酵参数的影响,采用随机区组设计,按照产奶量、泌乳天数及胎次相同的原则将48头荷斯坦奶牛随机分为4组,每组12头,各组在基础日粮中分别添加0、0.5、2.5和5.0g/kg柴胡提取物(干物质基础),试验期9周。结果表明:热应激条件下,柴胡提取物对瘤胃pH,氨氮含量,丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸和戊酸浓度,乙酸/丙酸及营养物质表观消化率均无显著影响(P0.05);0.5g/kg组的菌体蛋白含量显著高于2.5和5.0g/kg添加组(P0.05),添加5.0g/kg柴胡提取物降低瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸(P=0.05)和乙酸浓度(P=0.06),不利于瘤胃发酵。因此,柴胡提取物推荐添加剂量不宜超过5.0g/kg。  相似文献   

17.
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with flavonoid from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi(SBGFN) as SBGFN-zinc(SBGFN-Zn) on growth performance, meat quality, immune responses and antioxidation of broilers. A total of 450 one-d-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly allocated to 5 treatments with 6 replicates of 15 birds per replicate for each treatment in a completely randomized design. Birds were fed a SBGFN-unsupplemented cornsoybean meal basal diet(control) or the basal diet supplemented with 60, 120, 180 or 240 mg SBGFN kg~(–1) from SBGFN-Zn for 42 d. Dietary SBGFN supplementation affected(P0.03) drip loss in thigh muscle, total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity in liver of broilers at 42 d of age. Chicks fed the diets supplemented with 120, 180 and 240 mg SBGFN kg~(–1) had lower(P0.03) drip loss of thigh muscle than those fed the control diet. Chicks fed the diet supplemented with 180 mg SBGFN kg~(–1) had higher(P0.03) liver T-SOD and GSH-Px activity than those fed the diets supplemented with 0, 60 and 120 mg SBGFN kg~(–1). The results from the present study indicate that dietary supplementation with 180 mg SBGFN kg~(–1) as SBGFN-Zn improved both meat quality and antioxidative ability of broilers.  相似文献   

18.
营养水平和饲粮组合对育肥羔羊生产及屠宰性能的影响   总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0  
按同质原则将 28 只试羊(3~3.5 月龄)分为 4 个饲粮处理组,采用 3 因子(2×2×2)设计,研究两个营养水平(A 因子,A1—0.9NRC 和 A2—0.8NRC)下不同饲粮组合(B 因子,B1—添加甜菜渣和 B2—不添加甜菜渣)对不同杂交组合(C 因子,C1—波德代(♂)×蒙古羊(♀),C2—陶塞特(♂)×蒙古羊(♀))的育肥效果。结果表明,A、B、C 三因子对试羊平均日增重均无显著影响(P>0.05),仅正试期头 20 dC2日均增重显著(P<0.05)高于 C1。A1水平羔羊平均日采食量极显著(P<0.01)低于 A2,而饲料转化率及熟肉率极显著(P<0.01)高于 A2。B1正试期后 40 d 日均增重有高于 B2的趋势,而 GR 值有低于 B2的倾向。  相似文献   

19.
The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways play an important role in regulation of bone formation and development, however, it remains unclear that the effect of dietary different levels of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) on these signaling pathways and their correlations with bone phosphorus (P) retention and bone development in broilers. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary P supplementation on BMP and MAPK signaling pathways and their correlations with bone P retention and bone development in broilers. A total of 800 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatments with 8 replicates in a completely randomized design. The 5 treatments of dietary NPP levels were 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, 0.45 and 0.55% or 0.15, 0.22, 0.29, 0.36 and 0.43% for broilers from 1 to 21 days of age or 22 to 42 days of age, respectively. The results showed that extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) mRNA expression in the tibia of broilers on days 14 and 28, phosphorylated-ERK1 (p-ERK1) on day 14, and BMP2 protein expression on days 28 and 42 decreased linearly (P<0.04), while c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) mRNA expression on day 42 increased linearly (P<0.02) with the increase of dietary NPP level. At 14 days of age, total P accumulation in tibia ash (TPTA), bone mineral concentration (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), bone breaking strength (BBS) and tibia ash were negatively correlated (r=–0.726 to –0.359, P<0.05) with ERK1 and JNK1 mRNA as well as p-ERK1; tibia alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone gal protein (BGP) were positively correlated (r=0.405 to 0.665, P<0.01) with ERK1 mRNA and p-ERK1. At 28 days of age, TPTA, BMC, BMD, BBS and tibia ash were negatively correlated (r=–0.518 to –0.370, P<0.05) with ERK1 mRNA and BMP2 protein, while tibia ALP was positively correlated (r=0.382 to 0.648, P<0.05) with them. The results indicated that TPTA, BMC, BMD, BBS or tibia ash had negative correlations, while tibia ALP and BGP had positive correlations with ERK1 and JNK1 mRNAs, BMP2 protein and p-ERK1, suggesting that bone P retention and bone development might be regulated by BMP and MAPK signaling pathways in broiler chickens.  相似文献   

20.
【目的】研究不同断奶日龄对羔羊断奶后10d的生长、营养物质消化、器官发育和血清指标的影响,筛选羔羊最佳的早期断奶日龄。【方法】选取出生日龄、体重相近的湖羊羔羊72只,分成4组。3个试验组每组16只,分别于羔羊10、20、30日龄进行断奶,饲喂代乳品（EW10组、EW20组、EW30组）;对照组24只（ER组）,羔羊随母哺乳。试验组羔羊于断奶后10d内进行消化试验,并在断奶后10d时测定羔羊生长性能、器官发育情况和血清指标变化规律,并以对照组作相同处理作为对照。【结果】（1）断奶后10d时,EW10和EW30羔羊体重、日增重显著低于ER（P＜0.05）,而EW20羔羊体重、日增重与ER差异不显著（P＞0.05）。EW10和EW20组断奶后10d内羔羊开食料干物质采食量显著高于ER组（P＜0.05）,EW30与ER组差异不显著（P＞0.05）。（2）EW10组羔羊断奶后10d内干物质（DM）和有机物（OM）的消化率与ER差异不显著（P＞0.05）,总能（GE）、氮（N）、粗脂肪（EE）、钙（Ca）和磷（P）的表观消化率显著低于ER组（P＜0.05）。EW20和EW30组羔羊断奶后10内DM、OM、GE、N、EE、Ca和P的表观消化率显著低于ER组（P＜0.05）。（3）羔羊断奶后10d时EW10组瘤胃占羔羊体重比值显著高于ER（P＜0.05）,EW20和EW30组与ER组相比差异不显著,但均高于ER组。其余指标或组别均差异不显著（P＞0.05）。（4）早期断奶羔羊各血清指标在断奶当天与对照组差异不显著（P＞0.05）。EW10和EW30组羔羊断奶后10d血清中TP和ALB含量显著低于ER（P＜0.05）,EW10羔羊于断奶后10d血清中TNF-α显著高于ER（P＜0.05）,EW10和EW30羔羊断奶后10d血清中CORT显著高于ER（P＜0.05）。【结论】羔羊20日龄断奶后10d应激较小,此日龄断奶效果较佳。  相似文献   

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