首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Sitobion avenae(F.) and Rhopalosiphum padi(L.) are two important pests of wheat in China. They typically coexist in fields during the late period of wheat growth. Sulfoxaflor is a novel sulfoximine insecticide that demonstrates broad-spectrum efficacy, especially in targeting sap-feeding insects. This study was carried out to investigate the sublethal effects of sulfoxaflor on the development, longevity, and reproduction of two species of wheat aphids. Our results showed that sublethal concentrations of sulfoxaflor did not cause significant effects on the fecundity or the longevity of the parent generation(F_0 generation) of either S. avenae or R. padi. However, it caused transgenerational sublethal effects. For S. avenae, adult longevity of F_1 generation was significantly decreased. No significant differences were observed on the population parameters of S. avenae in the F_1 generation. For R. padi, the adult preoviposition period(APOP) and the total preoviposition period(TPOP) of F_1 generation were significantly reduced. The mean generation time(T) was significantly reduced in the R. padi F_1 generation. What's more, the intrinsic rate of increase(r_m) and the finite rate of increase(λ) were significantly increased in the R. padi F_1 generation. Taken together, these results suggest that exposure to the LC_(25) of sulfoxafl had no effects on the parent generation of S. avenae or R. padi, but it reduced adult longevity of S. avenae as a negative effect and increased the r_m and λ of R. padi in the first progeny generation, which may have an impact on the population dynamics of R. padi.  相似文献   

2.
氟啶虫胺腈亚致死浓度对桃蚜生长和繁殖的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
【目的】氟啶虫胺腈属第4代新烟碱类药剂,研究旨在探讨氟啶虫胺腈亚致死浓度对F_0(当代)及F_1(第1代)桃蚜(Myzus persicae)生长发育和繁殖的影响,为氟啶虫胺腈的合理使用提供理论依据。【方法】氟啶虫胺腈对桃蚜的亚致死剂量采用波特喷雾塔法确定,将琼脂铺于玻璃培养皿底部,再将新鲜油菜叶片背面向上铺在琼脂上。挑取15头成蚜至油菜叶片上,置于波特喷雾塔下喷雾,药剂设置7个浓度,处理48 h后检查桃蚜死亡情况,采用POLO-Plus10.0软件计算LC_(10)和LC_(25)。采用建立生命表的方法评估氟啶虫胺腈亚致死剂量对桃蚜生长发育和繁殖的影响。评估药剂对F_0代桃蚜的影响时,分别以LC_(10)和LC_(25)喷施成蚜,48 h后将成蚜移至未着药叶片,单头饲养直至死亡。评估药剂对F_1代桃蚜的影响时,以LC_(10)和LC_(25)处理成蚜,48 h后将成蚜移至未着药叶片待其产蚜,24 h后随机选取初产若蚜单头饲养直至死亡,记录蚜虫存活及繁殖情况。采用SPSS16.0软件分析若蚜发育历期、成蚜寿命、单雌产蚜量及生命表参数差异显著性。【结果】根据室内生物测定结果,氟啶虫胺腈对桃蚜成蚜48 h的LC_(10)和LC_(25)分别为0.012和0.041 mg·L~(-1)。亚致死浓度的氟啶虫胺腈显著降低了F_0和F_1代桃蚜成蚜寿命、单雌产蚜量和产蚜历期,并表现为随药剂浓度增加,成蚜寿命、产蚜历期缩短,单雌产蚜量降低。LC_(10)和LC_(25)浓度处理F_0代桃蚜后,成蚜寿命分别为20.89和15.47 d,均显著低于对照的25.41 d;单雌产蚜量分别为56.51和27.33头,显著低于对照的71.02头;产蚜历期分别为20.74和14.37 d,显著低于对照的25.27 d;F_1代成蚜寿命分别为14.80和9.76 d,产蚜历期分别为12.03和8.59 d,单雌产蚜量分别为46.20和28.23头。与对照相比,LC_(10)浓度的氟啶虫胺腈处理显著延长了F_1代1龄若蚜的发育历期(1.73和2.21 d),LC_(25)浓度的氟啶虫胺腈处理显著延长了2龄若蚜的发育历期(1.43和1.58 d),其余龄期及整个若蚜期发育历期与对照相比均无显著差异。生命表参数分析表明,氟啶虫胺腈LC_(10)和LC_(25)浓度处理后桃蚜净增殖率R_0与对照相比显著降低,R_0分别为47.15、24.55和64.47。【结论】亚致死剂量的氟啶虫胺腈能够显著抑制F_0及F_1代桃蚜的寿命和繁殖力。  相似文献   

3.
为探讨植物源杀虫剂对烟蓟马的毒力、生长发育和繁殖的影响,采用浸叶法测定4种植物源杀虫剂对烟蓟马2龄若虫和成虫的毒力,分析亚致死浓度对2龄若虫生长发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明：印楝素和苦参碱对2龄若虫的毒力相对较高,LC50分别为6.983 mg/L和9.571 mg/L。印楝素、苦参碱和鱼藤酮的亚致死浓度LC40对2龄若虫期和蛹期有显著延长作用,对化蛹率、羽化率、单雌产卵量和卵孵化率有明显地抑制作用。印楝素LC40对化蛹率、羽化率、单雌产卵量和卵孵化率的抑制作用最强,抑制率分别为23.64%、17.60%、18.37%和12.54%。说明印楝素和苦参碱对烟蓟马的致毒作用较好,低龄若虫（2龄期前）是防治的最佳时期,除发挥2种药剂的毒力外,还可通过亚致死浓度对存活若虫的生长发育和繁殖形成抑制作用。  相似文献   

4.
Carmine spider mites(Tetranychus cinnabarinus) and cotton aphids(Aphis gossypii) are both serious pests of cotton,and cause reductions in yields of this key agricultural crop.In order to gain insights into how plant defense responses induced by one herbivore species affect the behavior and performance of another,we examined how infestation with T.cinnabarinus influences the development of A.gossypii using cotton as a model.In this study,we measured the activities of several important biochemical markers and secondary metabolites in the leaves of cotton seedlings responding to infestation by T.cinnabarinus.Furthermore,the influences of T.cinnabarinus infestation on the development of A.gossypii in cotton were also examined.Our data showed that the activities of several key defense enzymes,including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL),peroxidase(POD),lipoxygenase(LOX),and polyphenol oxidase(PPO),were substantially increased in cotton seedlings responding to spider mite infestation.Further,the contents of gossypol and condensed tannins,key defensive compounds,were significantly enhanced in leaves of cotton seedlings following T.cinnabarinus infestation.Moreover,the T.cinnabarinus-induced production of defense enzymes and secondary metabolites was correlated with infestation density.The developmental periods of A.gossypii on cotton seedling leaves infested with T.cinnabarinus at densities of 10 and 15 individuals cm–2 were 1.16 and 1.18 times that of control,respectively.Meanwhile,the mean relative growth rates of A.gossypii on cotton leaves infested with T.cinnabarinus at densities of 8,10 and 15 individuals cm–2 were significantly reduced.Therefore,these data suggested that the developmental periods of A.gossypii were significantly lengthened and the mean relative growth rates were markedly reduced when cotton aphids were reared on plants infested with high densities of spider mites.This research sheds light on the role that inducible defense responses played in plant-mediated interspecific interactions between T.cinnabarinus and A.gossypii.  相似文献   

5.
Aphids are considered as one of the key pests for wheat production worldwide. Major aphid species that infest wheat in China include Sitobion avenae, Rhopalosiphum padi, Schizaphis graminum and Metopolophium dirhodum. However, during our wheat field survey in Wenshang County of Shangdong Province, China, we observed that Aphis gossypii can feed on wheat. The damage risk of A. gossypii on wheat was assessed using host shift method. A population of A. gossypii collected from a wheat field in 2015 and another population reared on cotton under laboratory conditions for a decade without exposure to insecticides were used in the study. The results of host shift demonstrated that the A. gossypii colony from wheat has not yet developed wheat specialization. Moreover, the assessment of A. gossypii fitness on wheat and cotton showed that fecundity and net reproductive rate of A. gossypii population fed on wheat was significantly higher comparing to the population fed on cotton, whether the initial host of A. gossypii population was wheat or cotton. This study raises a warning that the cotton aphid has potential to establish well on wheat and it may cause significant effects under specific circumstances. Therefore, future studies are required to evaluate the effects of A. gossypii on wheat production.  相似文献   

6.
【目的】研究低剂量的溴氰虫酰胺对双委夜蛾(Athetis dissimilis)生长发育、繁殖和营养利用的影响,明确溴氰虫酰胺对双委夜蛾的控制作用。【方法】采用人工饲料混毒法测定溴氰虫酰胺对双委夜蛾4龄幼虫的毒力;利用LC_5、LC_(25)和LC_(50)剂量的溴氰虫酰胺处理双委夜蛾4龄幼虫,观察其对亲代幼虫和蛹的发育历期、成虫寿命、产卵量、化蛹率和羽化率等生长发育指标的影响;测定溴氰虫酰胺处理72 h后对幼虫的近似消化率(AD)、相对取食量(RCR)、相对生长量(RGR)、摄入食物转化效率(ECI)、消化食物转化效率(ECD)等营养利用指数的影响;分析溴氰虫酰胺处理24、48和72 h后幼虫体内糖类、蛋白质和脂质含量的变化。【结果】溴氰虫酰胺对双委夜蛾4龄幼虫具有较高毒力,LC_5、LC_(25)和LC_(50)分别为0.13、0.34和0.66μg·g~(-1)混毒饲料;与对照组相比,LC_5、LC_(25)和LC_(50)剂量下双委夜蛾4—6龄幼虫的发育历期分别延长了1.63、1.75和5.48 d,同时蛹的发育历期延长,雌雄成虫的寿命缩短,并显著降低了双委夜蛾幼虫的化蛹率和蛹的羽化率,LC_5、LC_(25)和LC_(50)处理组雌蛹重分别为130.2、127.8和127.5 mg,显著低于对照组的蛹重(146.7 mg),但是对雄蛹重无显著影响。溴氰虫酰胺处理后,LC_5、LC_(25)和LC_(50)组的单雌产卵量分别为558.8、506.9和462.8粒,显著低于对照组(755.1粒)。同时,溴氰虫酰胺处理组缩短了成虫的产卵历期,但是对成虫产卵前期的影响不明显。此外,与对照组相比,LC_5、LC_(25)和LC_(50)剂量的溴氰虫酰胺显著降低了双委夜蛾4龄幼虫的RGR、RCR、ECI和ECD,降低了幼虫将食物转化为生物量的能力;溴氰虫酰胺处理双委夜蛾4龄幼虫24 h后显著降低了其体内碳水化合物的含量,而且这种不利影响持续到48 h和72 h,同时,溴氰虫酰胺处理也显著降低了4龄幼虫体内脂质和蛋白质的含量,阻碍了双委夜蛾幼虫正常的生长发育和繁殖。【结论】较低致死剂量的溴氰虫酰胺可以抑制双委夜蛾种群的生长发育和繁殖,有利于长期有效控制双委夜蛾的发生。  相似文献   

7.
The green miridbug,Cyrtorhinus lividipennis,is an important predator of the rice brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens.In this study,the selective toxicity of seven commercial biopesticides for C.lividipennis was examined under laboratory conditions; abamectin was the most selective to C.lividipennis,followed by matrine and azadirachtin.Veratridine,rotenone,Bacillus thuringiensis and Beauveria bassiana showed less selectivity for C.lividipennis.Subsequently,matrine,abamectin and azadirachtin were selected for sublethal assessments with respect to C.lividipennis due to their high toxicities to N.lugens.C.lividipennis treated with sublethal concentrations(LC10 and LC20) of the three biopesticides could distinguish volatiles released from healthy and N.lugens-infested plants indicating that the biopesticides tested did not affect the foraging ability of surviving miridbugs.Azadirachtin decreased the consumption capability of C.lividipennis when the densities of N.lugens were 20,30,40 and 50 insects per vial.Sublethal concentration treatment did not impact the pre-oviposition period or egg hatchability of C.lividipennis.However,the fecundity of C.lividipennis exposed to azadirachtin and abamectin increased by 27–41% compared to the untreated individuals.In summary,abamectin or matrine together with C.lividipennis could be considered an effective,sustainable pest management strategy for rice.  相似文献   

8.
【目的】甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)是一种杂食性害虫,在不同环境、药物等选择压力下表现出不同的生长发育特点。氯虫苯甲酰胺是一种新型广谱的鱼尼丁受体杀虫剂,对鳞翅目害虫杀虫活性强。本研究旨在探究氯虫苯甲酰胺亚致死剂量对甜菜夜蛾幼虫3种主要解毒酶——羧酸酯酶(Car E)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)和多功能氧化酶(MFOs)活性以及对种群繁殖的影响。【方法】采用饲料混毒法测定氯虫苯甲酰胺对SE-Lab品系、SE-Sel品系的毒力,SE-Sel品系由SE-Lab品系经亚致死剂量LC25连续汰选6代得到;通过浸叶法测定磷酸三苯酯(TPP)、顺丁烯二酸二乙酯(DEM)、胡椒基丁醚(PBO)3种酶抑制剂与氯虫苯甲酰胺协同对SE-Lab和SE-Sel品系的毒力增效作用,提前12 h让试虫取食浸渍过酶抑制剂的叶片,对照组取食用0.1%Triton X-100浸渍后的叶片,再分别测定氯虫苯甲酰胺对使用酶抑制剂与未使用酶抑制剂试虫的毒力;在冰上解剖试虫的中肠和脂肪体,并通过离体酶活性测定,分析氯虫苯甲酰胺亚致死剂量与酶抑制剂对甜菜夜蛾体内的3种代谢解毒酶活力的影响;通过记录试虫各个年龄阶段的生长、死亡、产卵量等数据,参照两性生命表理论分析SE-Lab和SE-Sel品系的两性生命表参数差异。【结果】在3种酶抑制剂中PBO增效作用最强,其对甜菜夜蛾SE-Sel品系和SE-Lab品系对氯虫苯甲酰胺的毒力增效比分别为1.58和1.69。在氯虫苯甲酰胺亚致死剂量连续汰选下,甜菜夜蛾体内3种解毒酶活性均被诱导上升,其中MFOs酶活力上升最显著,SE-Sel品系中肠和脂肪体的MFOs活性相对于SE-Lab品系分别提高了2.07和2.10倍,而经氯虫苯甲酰胺亚致死剂量再次诱导的SE-Sel试虫的MFOs活性亦较SE-Lab品系上升4.02和3.44倍;在使用了酶抑制剂后3种解毒酶酶活力均有下降,其中MFOs活性下降最多,其酶比活力仅为未使用酶抑制剂处理的42.3%—44.8%。与SE-Lab品系相比,SE-Sel品系成虫的产卵前期和总产卵前期变长,而产卵量减少;SE-Sel品系的内禀增长率(r)、周限增长率(λ)和净增殖率(R0)均显著小于SE-Lab品系,SE-Lab品系与SE-Sel品系的r分别为0.18和0.16 d~(-1),λ为1.20和1.17 d~(-1),R0为358.42和203.12 d~(-1)。尽管SE-Sel品系的平均世代周期(T)更长,但是与SE-Lab品系无显著差异。【结论】MFOs可能为甜菜夜蛾对氯虫苯甲酰胺解毒代谢过程中的主要解毒酶,在其后续抗性形成中起主要作用;甜菜夜蛾在氯虫苯甲酰胺亚致死剂量作用下,世代周期延长,繁殖力降低,种群增长减缓,氯虫苯甲酰胺亚致死剂量对甜菜夜蛾有持续控制作用。  相似文献   

9.
小麦抗白粉病种质“N9134”的抗性遗传分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  
抗性种质"N9134"含有野生二粒小麦(资源编号:AS846)的抗白粉病基因。为了研究其白粉病抗性基因的遗传规律,用感病品种阿勃、中国春、陕160、陕优225与该种质正反交,结果F1白粉病感染0～1级,F2白粉病抗感比例为3∶1;以小麦缺体系与其杂交,F1白粉病感染0～1级,F2白粉病抗感比例除"5B"偏离3∶1外,其余均为3∶1。表明N9134的白粉病抗性由1对完全显性基因控制,位于"5B"染色体上。  相似文献   

10.
Aphis gossypii is a globally distributed species and therefore has a highly variable life cycle. Populations of A. gossypii in northern China exhibit greater genotypic diversity and a broader host range, yet the details of life cycles of different biotypes is still unclear. In this study, the Cytb and 16S gene regions of A.gossypii collected from 5 common summer hosts and 4 primary hosts were analyzed. A total of 57 haplotypes were obtained from 1 046 individual A.gossypii sequences. The sequence included 44 variable sites, 27 of which were parsimony informative sites and 17 of which were singleton variable sites. The most frequent 3 haplotypes were found in 896 individuals, representing a total of 85.7% of all individuals and 36 haplotypes were found in 1 individual. A neighbor-joining tree was constructed using 21 haplotypes that were found in more than 2 individuals. Considering the individual host plant, 5 biotypes were identified. Type 1 corresponded exactly to the cucurbit host-race and the other 4 biotypes were found as cotton host-races. Type 3 was the most abundant biotype in cotton fields in northern China.  相似文献   

11.
《农业科学学报》2023,22(8):2370-2383
Elevating soil water content (SWC) through irrigation was one of the simple mitigation measures to improve crop resilience to heat stress. The response of leaf function, such as photosynthetic capacity based on chlorophyll fluorescence during the mitigation, has received limited attention, especially in field conditions. A two-year field experiment with three treatments (control treatment (CK), high-temperature treatment (H), and high-temperature together with elevating SWC treatment (HW)) was carried out during grain filling with two maize hybrids at a typical station in North China Plain. Averagely, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was improved by 20%, and the canopy temperature decreased by 1–3°C in HW compared with in H in both years. Furthermore, the higher SWC in HW significantly improved the actual photosynthetic rate (Phi2), linear electron flow (LEF), variable fluorescence (Fv), and the maximal potential quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) for both hybrids. Meanwhile, different responses in chlorophyll fluorescence between hybrids were also observed. The higher SWC in HW significantly improved thylakoid proton conductivity (gH+) and the maximal fluorescence (Fm) for the hybrid ZD958. For the hybrid XY335, the proton conductivity of chloroplast ATP synthase (vH+) and the minimal fluorescence (Fo) was increased by the SWC. The structural equation model (SEM) further showed that SWC had significantly positive relationships with Pn, LEF, and Fv/Fm. The elevating SWC alleviated heat stress with the delayed leaf senescence to prolong the effective period of photosynthesis and enhanced leaf photosynthetic capacity by improving Phi2, LEF, Fv, and Fv/Fm. This research demonstrates that elevating SWC through enhancing leaf photosynthesis during grain filling would be an important mitigation strategy for adapting to the warming climate in maize production.  相似文献   

12.
Sixteen cotton cultivars widely planted in China were sowed under five different drought concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%) using PEG6000 to screen the indices of drought resistance identification and explore the drought resistance of different cotton cultivars. Eighteen physiological indices including root, stem, and leaf water contents (RWC, SWC, and LWC), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), the maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm), the actual photochemical quantum yield (ϕPSII), non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ), leaf water potential (LWP), osmotic potential (ψs), leaf relative conductivity (REC), leaf proline content (Pro), leaf and root soluble protein contents (LSPC and RSPC), leaf and root malondialdehyde (MDA) contents (LMDA and RMDA), root superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities (RSOD, RPOD, and RCAT) were measured. Results indicated the 18 physiological indices can be converted into five or six independent comprehensive indices by principal component analysis, and nine typical indices (Fv/Fm, SWC, LWP, Pro, LMDA, RSPC, RMDA, RSOD, and RCAT) screened out by a stepwise regression method could be utilized to evaluate the drought resistance. Moreover, the 16 cotton cultivars were divided into four types: drought sensitive, drought weak sensitive, moderate drought resistant, and drought resistant types. The resistance ability of two selected cotton cultivars (drought resistant cultivar, Dexiamian 1; drought sensitive cultivar, Yuzaomian 9110) with contrasting drought sensitivities were further verified by pot experiment. Results showed that the responses of final cotton biomass, yield, and yield composition to drought were significantly different between the two cultivars. In conclusion, drought resistant cultivar Dexiamian 1 and drought sensitive cultivar Yuzaomian 9110 were screened through hydroponics experiment, which can be used as ideal experimental materials to study the mechanism of different cotton cultivars with contrasting drought sensitivities in response to drought stress.  相似文献   

13.
【目的】明确灰飞虱(Laodelphax striatellus Fallén)鞘氨醇激酶(sphingosine kinase,SK)的分子特征,研究SK在携带水稻条纹病毒(Rice stripe virus,RSV)与健康灰飞虱两个种群的时空表达及其对杀虫剂胁迫的响应。【方法】利用PCR技术克隆灰飞虱SK(LsSK)基因序列;使用荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术分析LsSK在带毒种群与健康种群灰飞虱1—5龄若虫及成虫期的表达差异,并检测该基因在雌雄虫头、唾液腺、中肠、马氏管、卵巢和精巢等组织中相对表达量;采用手动微量点滴仪将3种杀虫剂(吡虫啉、噻嗪酮和溴氰菊酯)点滴于灰飞虱4龄若虫中胸背板,确定3种杀虫剂的半致死浓度(LC_50);根据半致死浓度的3种杀虫剂处理试虫后检测LsSK的表达动态;采用注射双链RNA(dsRNA)的方法沉默带毒种群和健康种群4龄若虫体内LsSK后,用半致死浓度的3种杀虫剂处理试虫并分析死亡率。【结果】克隆得到一段长度为1 282 bp的LsSK基因片段(Gen Bank登录号:KT989975)。氨基酸系统进化树显示LsSK与其他半翅目昆虫SK聚在同一支。LsSK氨基酸序列包含SK酶的4个保守区域C1—C4,其中SK激酶的活性位点——DAG活性区域位于C1—C3区域。q RT-PCR结果显示LsSK在带毒种群4龄若虫中表达量最高,3龄次之;健康种群5龄若虫表达量最高,1、4龄次之。且LsSK在带毒种群3、4龄表达量显著高于健康种群同时期若虫(P0.05);带毒成虫LsSK表达量显著高于健康成虫(P0.05)。LsSK在带毒雄成虫各个组织中的表达量均显著高于同种群雌成虫和健康雌雄成虫的各相应组织,且在唾液腺和马氏管的表达量最高,头部次之。用半致死浓度的3种杀虫剂(吡虫啉LC_50为6.5 ng·μL~(-1),噻嗪酮为500 ng·μL~(-1),溴氰菊酯为37.5 ng·μL~(-1))处理带毒和健康种群的4龄若虫后,试虫LsSK含量变化与响应速度均不同。噻嗪酮处理后LsSK水平升高且响应最为迅速,溴氰菊酯处理后LsSK表达水平无变化(P0.05)。用3种杀虫剂处理带毒和健康试虫,其死亡率分析结果表明,两种群注射dsSK组3种杀虫剂处理后死亡率均显著高于两种群注射dsGFP组和不注射组。【结论】克隆了LsSK基因片段且其在带毒灰飞虱4龄若虫中表达量最高。沉默LsSK后,带毒和健康种群灰飞虱在杀虫剂处理后的死亡率均显著上升,表明SK基因有利于灰飞虱抵抗杀虫剂胁迫。  相似文献   

14.
【目的】通过对紫藤Wisteria sinensis种子提取物的化学成分分析及杀蚜活性测定和抗氧化活性评价,为紫藤种子资源在植物源农药领域的利用提供基础。【方法】以紫藤种子提取物为材料,采用全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(GC×GC-TOF/MS)技术进行成分分析,以微量点滴法开展对棉蚜Aphis gossypii的触杀毒力测定,用2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼(DPPH)自由基清除法进行抗氧化活性评价。【结果】从紫藤种子石油醚提取物中检测到61种化合物,主要包括酯类、烷烃类、芳香烃类等化合物,其中相对含量大于9%的化合物有:对二甲苯(14.33%)、十一烷(11.89%)、1,4-二乙基苯(11.02%)和癸烷(9.54%)。紫藤种子提取物对棉蚜的致死中质量浓度(LC50)为193.22mg·L~(-1)(处理后24 h)。同时,紫藤种子提取物具有抗氧化活性,对DPPH的抑制中质量浓度(IC50)为4.15 g·L~(-1)。【结论】紫藤种子提取物具有较强的杀蚜活性,有望作为植物源杀蚜剂用于棉蚜的防治。  相似文献   

15.
Cotton suffers attacks of various pests that result in a decreased yield. Until recently, the chemical control of pests was achieved through seed film-coating treatment with toxic insecticides. The natural aminopolysaccharide extracts from crab is a promising candidate as a repellent to protect cotton from Aphis gossypii Glover and Helicoverpa armigera Hubner. Experiments were conducted to study the effect of aminopolysaccharide on pest control, seed germination, plant growth and lint yield. Results indicated that all aminopolysaccharide treatments of different content repelled pests efficiently and increased significantly seed germination, plant growth and cotton yield. The natural aminopolysaccharide extracts from shrimp is a promising candidate as a repellent to protect cotton from Aphis gossypii Glover and Helicoverpa armigera Hubner. The application of the potential aminopolysaccharide by seed coating is an appropriate option for controlling pests and avoiding environmental pollution.  相似文献   

16.
Segregation analysis of the mixed genetic model of major gene plus polygene was used to identify the major genes for cotton yield-related traits using six generations P1, P2, F1, B1, B2, and F2 generated from the cross of Baimian 1 x TM-1. In addition to boll size and seed index, the major genes for the other five traits were detected： one each for seed yield, lint percentage, boll number, lint index; and two for lint yield. Quantitative trait locus/loci （QTL） mapping was performed in the F2 and F2：3 populations of above cross through molecular marker technology, and a total of 50 QTL （26 suggestive and 24 significant） for yield-related traits were detected. Four common QTL were discovered： qLP-3b（F2）/qLP-3（F2：3） and qLP-19b （F2）/qLP-19（F2：3） for lint percentage, qBN-17（F2）/qBN-17（F2：3） for boll number, and qBS-26b（F2）/qBS-26（F2：3） for boll size. Especially, qLP- 3b（Fz）/qLP-3（F2：3）, not only had LOD scores 〉3 but also exceeded the permutation threshold （5.13 and 5.29, respectively）, correspondingly explaining 23.47 and 29.55% of phenotypic variation. This QTL should be considered preferentially in marker assisted selection （MAS）. Segregation analysis and QTL mapping could mutually complement and verify, which provides a theoretical basis for genetic improvement of cotton yield-related traits by using major genes （QTL）.  相似文献   

17.
【目的】二斑叶螨（Tetranychus urticae）是一种重要的农业害螨,由于个体小、繁殖快等特点,极易产生抗药性,论文从生理生化和分子水平探讨二斑叶螨mRNA水平相对表达量的变化,旨在明确二斑叶螨对混剂的多重抗性机制,为该螨的综合治理提供依据。【方法】在温度（25±l）℃,相对湿度60%±5%,光周期L﹕D=16 h﹕8 h的室内条件下,于盆栽豇豆苗上饲养不接触任何药剂的二斑叶螨敏感品系（SS）和用螺螨酯、甲氰菊酯、阿维菌素以其单剂的致死中浓度（LC50）为汰选浓度混合连续汰选的多重抗性品系（Mp-R）;Mp-R品系用药4-5次待其种群扩增后,参照FAO推荐的叶片残毒法进行室内毒力测定一次,计算其LC50,求出抗性倍数（RR）,并记为一个汰选周期;连续汰选3个周期后,逐渐增加汰选浓度,用PoloPlus软件求其毒力回归方程、LC50、抗性指数及卡方值;采用生化分析法测定选育50代的二斑叶螨SS与Mp-R品系卵、幼螨、若螨、雄成螨、雌成螨的谷胱甘肽S转移酶（GSTs）、羧酸酯酶（CarEs）、多功能氧化酶（MFOs）的活性,以ELFn为内参基因,采用RT-qPCR技术以比较Ct值的方法计算二斑叶螨Mp-R品系中10个与抗性相关的解毒酶基因的表达量。【结果】在室内经50代抗性选育,二斑叶螨对阿维菌素、甲氰菊酯及螺螨酯的LC50分别达到1 103.55、5 993.33和2 345.62 mg·L-1,抗性倍数分别为603.03、167.65和51.77倍。卵中Mp-R品系MFOs比活力显著高于SS品系,GSTs、CarEs比活力差异不显著;其他发育阶段Mp-R品系的GSTs、CarEs比活力显著高于SS品系,MFOs比活力则差异不显著;Mp-R品系雌成螨的GSTs、CarEs比活力显著高于其他发育阶段,卵的MFOs比活力显著高于其他发育阶段。与敏感品系相比,二斑叶螨TuGSTd05、TuGSTd06与TuGSTd09基因表达量在Mp-R品系各发育阶段显著上调1.80倍以上,TuGSTd01表达量在若螨期显著上调1.63倍,其他发育阶段差异不显著;CYP392E10表达量在卵中极显著上调5.87倍,幼螨、若螨阶段显著上调2.15倍和2.09倍,成螨阶段表达量差异不显著;CYP392A6在卵、幼螨与若螨阶段表达量均显著上调1.89、1.64和1.59倍,在成螨阶段表达量差异不显著。CYP392A16在各发育阶段均极显著上调,卵中上调6.97倍,幼螨中上调8.20倍,若螨中上调8.88倍,雄成螨上调7.34倍,雌成螨上调8.59倍。CYP392D 8在卵、幼螨和雄、雌成螨中表达量均显著上调2.18、2.00、2.03和2.41倍,在若螨阶段表达量差异不显著;TuCCE35在若螨及雄、雌成螨中表达量显著上调1.58、1.86和2.65倍;TuCCE36在卵和雄、雌成螨中表达量显著上调1.73、1.89和2.14倍。【结论】与敏感品系相比,二斑叶螨Mp-R品系10个与抗性相关的解毒酶基因表达量在其不同发育阶段均有不同程度的变化。CYP392A16表达量在各发育阶段上调较大,可能参与了二斑叶螨多重抗性的形成;其余基因表达量均未见大幅度上调,这些基因是否参与了对3种药剂的代谢还需进一步验证。  相似文献   

18.
我国小麦农家品种白老芒麦的抗条锈性遗传分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文
以感病材料铭贤169作母本,白老芒麦作父本配制杂交组合,获得杂种F1代种子;F1代植株自交获得F2代种子,以F1代作为父本与铭贤169回交获得BC1代种子。对亲本、F1代、F2代和BC1代植株接种鉴定,根据F1代、BC1代的抗性表现和F2代的抗感分离情况推知白老芒麦(甘地806)对CYSu-XI的抗病性是由一对显性基因和两对隐性基因的互补作用控制。  相似文献   

19.
The integrated use of molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) and anther culture has potential to significantly increase efficiency in plant breeding; however, reports on this kind of practical use are very limited. In the present study, we report the development of cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) maintainers with aroma, disease resistance and red-brown hulls, as an example of integration of MAS and anther culture in rice breeding. A high-resolution melting (HRM)-based functional molecular marker was developed for the red-brown hull trait caused by a unique mutation (rbh1) in OsCAD2. Functional molecular markers for genes of rice blast resistance (Pi2), aroma (fgr) and red-brown hull (rbh1) were used for precise genotyping of individual plants in the BC1 and BC2F2 populations derived from a cross between CMS maintainers Huaxiang B (pi2–/rbh1–/fgr–) and Rong 3B (Pi2+/RBH1+/Fgr+). A total of 89 doubled haploid (DH) lines were generated from selected BC2F2 plants (Pi2+/rbh1–/fgr–) by anther culture. Seven DH lines were subsequently selected as the potential new CMS maintainers based on their overall performance and high resistance to blast. Our study demonstrated that integration of MAS and anther culture significantly accelerated the development of CMS maintainers with multiple stacked genes.  相似文献   

20.
选用6个不同品种的公牛(三河牛、秦川牛、安格斯牛、短角牛、西门塔尔牛、夏洛来牛)与湘西黄牛实行经济杂交,随机抽取各杂交方式初生犊牛10头共60头组成试验组,抽取湘西黄牛初生犊牛10头组成对照组,对犊牛各阶段的体质量、日增体质量及体尺进行统计分析。结果表明,试验组犊牛的体质量、日增体质量、体斜长、胸围均优于对照组(P<0.05);各生长阶段以6～12月龄增量最快,均超过1kg/d;试验组犊牛的体高、管围与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。国外品种夏洛来牛、西门塔尔牛是湘西黄牛经济杂交的优势父本,国内品种秦川牛是湘西黄牛经济杂交的优势父本,杂交F1代育肥牛12月龄后出栏为宜。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号