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1.
WEI Xiucai LIU Jindong LIU Licheng LI Yongchao PAN Xiaowu DONG Zheng LIU Wenqiang XIONG Haibo MIN Jun LI Xiaoxiang 《中国水稻科学》1986,34(4):325-331
【Objective】The objective of the study is to identify new genes related to heading date and yield related traits in rice, and to screen the elite rice lines carrying favorable alleles, therefore providing new genes and excellent germplasm for molecular marker-assisted (MAS) breeding.【Method】The multi-parent generation inter-crosses (MAGIC) population MAGIC-Hei was planted in 2017 and 2018 in Changsha, Hunan Province. Genome-wide association analysis was performed to detect the quantitative trait loci associated with heading date, number of tillers per plant, grain number per panicle, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per plant based on genotyping by sequencing (GBS).【Results】Totally, 26 QTLs that control heading date and yield related traits were identified on all the chromosomes except chromosome 10 in the two years. Of these, 11 are new and qNTP9, associated with the number of effective panicles, was detected in the two years. qNTP9 was less affected by environment and could be used for further fine mapping and gene cloning. Based on the phenotypic and the SNP genotypes five elite lines carrying favorable alleles were selected, which could be used for future high-yielding rice breeding. 【Conclusion】The loci associated with heading date and yield related traits could be used for rice breeding. 相似文献
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以中熟类型甬优籼粳杂交稻组合甬优2640、甬优1640为材料,常规粳稻镇稻11、武运粳30和杂交籼稻丰两优香1号、新两优6380为对照,比较各类型品种在干物质积累、穗部特征、叶片形态及茎秆特性上的差异。结果表明,甬优籼粳杂交稻两年平均产量为11.3 t/hm~2(11.1、11.4 t/hm~2),较常规粳稻和杂交籼稻分别高6.6%和13.0%;产量构成上,甬优籼粳杂交稻的每穗粒数和群体颖花量显著高于对照,有效穗数、结实率和千粒重低于对照;甬优籼粳杂交稻抽穗期、成熟期的干物质量及抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累量依次为13.4 t/hm2、21.6 t/hm~2、6.9 t/hm~2,均显著高于对照;穗部特征上,甬优籼粳杂交稻的单穗质量和着粒密度高于对照,穗长略低于杂交籼稻,近80%的籽粒集中于中上部,而常规粳稻75%的籽粒集中于中下部,杂交籼稻籽粒分布相对匀称;甬优籼粳杂交稻上3叶的叶宽和卷曲率高于对照,叶长和叶基角处于对照之间(以杂交籼稻最大),披垂度最低,上部1、3叶差异显著;株高、穗高、秆长及穗下节间占秆长的比例以杂交籼稻甬优籼粳杂交稻常规粳稻;成熟期单茎茎干质量、单茎鞘干质量及基部节间单位长度干质量以甬优籼粳杂交稻最高。中熟类型甬优籼粳杂交稻组合产量优势特征为足穗基础上,主攻大穗,并保持较高的结实率和千粒重;形态生理特征表现为籽粒集中于中上部,上3叶大小适宜,叶片内卷且直立,株高及穗下节间占秆长的比例适中,成熟期茎秆充实度好。 相似文献
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密穗型和散穗型粳稻穗部不同部位直链淀粉含量的差异分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
对粳稻密穗型品种浙粳22和散穗型品种浙粳27单株主穗上的单粒稻米,利用碘比色法进行了直链淀粉含量测定。结果表明,浙粳22和浙粳27直链淀粉含量最大值与最小值相差分别达到13.53和10.30个百分点,密穗型比散穗型的变幅大;稻穗内各籽粒在不同直链淀粉含量区间的频数变化趋势呈正态分布;密穗型和散穗型一、二次枝梗籽粒直链淀粉含量与其粒位间的相关系数分别为-0.1167*和-0.3140**,一次枝梗籽粒要高于二次枝梗籽粒,散穗型较密穗型更显著;枝梗顶端籽粒的直链淀粉含量较高,而与此相连的第2粒的直链淀粉含量较低;散穗型与密穗型品种在穗内直链淀粉含量分布上存在相似的规律,如单粒或半粒取样时应以各枝梗上第3、4粒部位的较好。 相似文献
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水稻粒宽基因GS5的功能标记开发和单倍型鉴定 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
水稻粒宽是影响籽粒粒形的重要因素之一,也是一个与水稻产量和稻米品质密切相关的重要性状。在基因GS5序列分析的基础上,对该基因第2外显子的ACC/CTA和第9外显子A/C的两个变异位点分别开发了功能标记,并将其用于294份水稻微核心种质和2007-2013年江苏省审定的65份粳稻品种的基因型鉴定。研究结果表明,这两个变异位点的等位变异在水稻籽粒的粒长、粒宽和长宽比性状上存在显著或极显著的差异;其在水稻微核心种质中组成的4种单倍型在水稻籼亚种的粒宽、粒厚和长宽比性状上存在极显著的差异,在粳亚种的粒宽和长宽比性状上存在极显著的差异;而江苏省审定的粳稻品种中仅发现Hap1和Hap2两种单倍型,其分别有64个和1个代表性品种。这些研究结果为水稻产量和稻米品质育种中充分利用GS5的优异等位基因或单倍型奠定了基础。 相似文献
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以参加2015年辽宁省水稻区域试验的早熟组、中熟组和中晚熟组品种(系)为材料,研究了不同熟期水稻品种的株型特征关系。结果表明,早熟品种主要是弯穗型、轻穗型,中熟品种多为直立穗型、重穗型品种,晚熟品种以半直立穗型、重穗型品种为主;不同熟期品种叶长差异不显著,叶宽表现为中晚熟品种中熟品种早熟品种,但叶基角正好相反;二次枝梗结实率表现为早熟品种中晚熟品种中熟品种,二次枝梗贡献率表现为中晚熟品种中熟品种早熟品种;穗型指数均以下部优势粒为主。 相似文献
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筛选粒型优异的种质资源是选育优质水稻品种的前提。本研究引进了546份籼稻种质资源和326份粳稻种质资源,于2019—2020年在宁波考察了这些种质资源的粒型表现。结果表明,籼型种质资源粒长、粒宽和长宽比的变异系数分别为10.23%、10.90%和18.17%,粳型种质资源则分别为12.62%、12.88%和24.22%,3个性状变异均十分丰富,其中长宽比的变异最丰富;籼型种质资源的粒长与粒宽的相关系数为-0.47(2019年)～-0.48(2020年)、粒长与长宽比的相关系数为0.84,粒宽与长宽比的相关系数为-0.86(2019年)～-0.87(2020年),而粳型种质资源则分别为-0.47(2019年)～-0.42(2020年)、0.82(2019年)～0.80(2020年)和-0.88(2019年)～-0.87(2020年),粒长与粒宽表现为中度负相关,长宽比受粒长和粒宽的影响程度相同。最终筛选出了18份粒型优异的籼稻种质资源和34份粒型优异的粳稻种质资源。育种家可以根据需要选择合适的粒型种质资源作为亲本选育优质稻品种。 相似文献
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四川盆地不同类型水稻品种机插栽培的干物质生产及产量特性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】阐明机插栽培对不同类型水稻的干物质生产及产量特性的影响,为四川盆地机插秧的推广、品种选育和高产栽培提供依据。【方法】于2012年在四川盆地以中籼中熟杂交稻、中籼迟熟杂交稻、粳稻三类共计10个品种为材料,研究不同类型水稻品种在机插栽培条件下的干物质生产及产量形成特性。【结果】1)三种不同类型品种的水稻移栽后干物质积累均很好地符合Logistic曲线。中籼中熟杂交稻、中籼迟熟杂交稻物质积累均较快,缓增期短,快增期长,物质积累有一定优势;粳稻物质积累速率小,渐增期、缓增期较长,快增期短,物质积累处于劣势。2)三种类型水稻品种相比,在成熟期中籼中熟杂交稻营养器官干物质所占比例最低,生殖器官干物质所占比例最高;中籼迟熟杂交稻成熟期叶片占比最高,而粳稻则是茎鞘比例高、穗比例低。3)中籼中熟杂交稻、中籼迟熟杂交稻的茎鞘、叶片物质输出率和物质转化率均为正值,但粳稻茎鞘物质输出率、转化率和叶片物质转化率均小于0,叶片物质输出率也仅为1.26%。4)中籼中熟杂交稻的产量、每穗实粒数、籽粒充实率、充实度最高,中籼迟熟杂交稻的结实率、千粒重最大,粳稻的有效穗数、成穗率最高,说明籼稻产量主要与穗部性状有关,而粳稻主要与田间有效穗数有关。【结论】在四川盆地的机插栽培条件下,杂交籼稻需提高其有效穗数、成穗率;粳稻需筛选大穗型品种,提高每穗粒数和籽粒充实度。 相似文献
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Changes in Cooking and Nutrition Qualities of Grains at Different Positions in a Rice Panicle under Different Nitrogen Levels 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
DONG Ming-hui SANG Da-zhi WANG Peng WANG Xue-ming YANG Jian-chang 《水稻科学》2007,14(2):141-148
Cooking and nutrition qualities of grain are two of the most important aspects of rice quality. To understand the difference in cooking and nutrition qualities among the grains at different positions within a rice panicle, the distributions of gel consistency (GC), amylose content (AC) and crude protein content (CPC) of grains in a panicle in association with different nitrogen levels (0, 120 and 240 kg/ha) were investigated by using two rice varieties, Yangdao 6 (indica) and Wuyujing 3 (japonica). In general, the grains at the basal part of a panicle had lower GC and higher AC than those at the upper or middle part of a panicle. The 1st grain on the secondary branch with earlier flowering exhibited the highest GC, whereas the 2nd grain on the primary branch with later flowering showed the highest AC. For Yangdao 6, CPC in the grains on the primary branches was lower at the middle part of a panicle than at the upper or basal part of a panicle. For Wuyujing 3, there were no significant differences in CPCs in the grains among the upper, middle and basal parts of a panicle. GC in the grains was increased, whereas AC was reduced from zero nitrogen application (0N) to low amount of nitrogen application (LN), and the result was reversed from LN to medium amount of nitrogen application (MN). CPC was increased with the increase in the amount of nitrogen application. 相似文献
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云南稻种昆明小白谷耐冷性指标性状的遗传分析 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
以云南稻种资源昆明小白谷与日本品种十和田配制的杂交F2、B2F1等为材料,在低温处理条件下研究了昆明小白谷7个农艺性状的遗传特性。结果表明总结实率和特定结实率是对低温最敏感的性状,可用作孕穗期耐冷性的评价指标,在无法用结实率来评价耐冷性时,也可用株高、穗长的变异率作为耐冷性指标。遗传研究发现有1～2对主基因参与调控结实率性状,回交使性状向轮回亲本趋近的速率因性状而异。 相似文献
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不同生态地点下稻米外观品质性状的QTL定位分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
利用两个已测序品种93 11和日本晴为亲本,采取单粒传法创建由190个家系组成的重组自交系群体,并构建了包含178个SSR、CAP和STS标记的遗传连锁图谱。采用复合区间作图方法,在3个不同生态地点(陵水、合肥和怀远)对垩白(垩白率、垩白大小、垩白度)、粒形(粒长、粒宽、长宽比)等6个外观品质的数量性状基因座（QTL)进行了定位分析。共定位到39个QTL,单个性状QTL数目在6~7个,说明垩白和粒形是多基因控制的数量性状。8个QTL可在2个以上地点检测到,其中,两个垩白度相关QTL qCD 1、qCD 3(贡献率分别为288%、321%)在3个地点同时检测到;11个QTL具有一因多效性,单个QTL位点控制的性状为2~6个,如第3染色体RM16-RM143区段控制垩白率、垩白大小、垩白度、粒长、粒宽和长宽比等6个性状。比较3个地点的检测结果,发现外观品质性状的QTL定位都受环境影响,但不同性状受影响的程度不同。长宽比和垩白度受环境影响较小,粒宽受环境影响较大。 相似文献
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云南高原粳稻与韩国粳稻品质特性比较分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对10个韩国粳稻品种和10个云南粳稻品种进行了品质特性比较及相关性分析。云南粳稻和韩国粳稻在外观及碾磨品质指标中的粒宽、长宽比方面存在显著差异,云南粳稻比韩国粳稻籽粒细长;透明度、垩白粒率、糙米率、精米率、整精米率差异不显著。云南粳稻的直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量显著或极显著高于韩国粳稻,而味度值则相反,碱消值差异不显著。 韩国粳稻的最高黏度值、崩解值极显著高于云南粳稻,消减值极显著低于云南粳稻。 相关分析表明,直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量与消减值呈极显著正相关,与最高黏度值、最低黏度值、崩解值及最终黏度值呈显著或极显著负相关,味度值与淀粉RVA谱特征值则表现出相反的相关性,即与消减值呈负相关,而与最高黏度值、最低黏度值、崩解值呈正相关。针对试验结果,对改良云南粳稻品质的途径进行了探讨。 相似文献
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我国常规稻主栽品种的遗传变异分析 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
采用40个SSR标记,分析了329份我国近50年来常规稻主栽品种的遗传变异。结果显示,39个SSR标记具有多态性,在多态性位点共检测到223个等位基因,每个位点2～11个,平均57个;平均Nei基因多样性指数（He）为0632。籼粳亚种间的SSR变异差异明显,籼稻平均等位基因数（Na）和Nei基因多样性指数（Na = 54,He = 0440）均高于粳稻品种（Na = 44,He = 0397）。Nei遗传相似系数表明总体样本具有较小的遗传相似度（I = 0366）,而骨干亲本具有较高的遗传相似度（籼:I = 0590;粳:I = 0590）。这导致了籼粳亚种内较高的遗传一致性（籼:I = 0558;粳:I = 0600）。早、中、晚稻各类型遗传相似度差异明显,晚籼和早粳类型具有较高的遗传变异。籼粳稻品种尤其是粳稻的聚类结果显示出较强的季节型和地域特征。这些均提示育种家应选择更广泛的亲本源以拓宽选育品种的遗传基础。 相似文献
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Progress in ideotype breeding to increase rice yield potential 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：19
Shaobing Peng Gurdev S. Khush Parminder Virk Qiyuan Tang Yingbin Zou 《Field Crops Research》2008,108(1):32-38
The ideotype approach has been used in breeding programs at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and in China to improve rice yield potential. First-generation new plant type (NPT) lines developed from tropical japonica at IRRI did not yield well because of limited biomass production and poor grain filling. Progress has been made in second-generation NPT lines developed by crossing elite indica with improved tropical japonica. Several second-generation NPT lines outyielded the first-generation NPT lines and indica check varieties. China's “super” rice breeding project has developed many F1 hybrid varieties using a combination of the ideotype approach and intersubspecific heterosis. These hybrid varieties produced grain yield of 12 t ha−1 in on-farm demonstration fields, 8–15% higher than the hybrid check varieties. The success of China's “super” hybrid rice was partially the result of assembling the good components of IRRI's NPT design in addition to the use of intersubspecific heterosis. For example, both designs focused on large panicle size, reduced tillering capacity, and improved lodging resistance. More importantly, improvement in plant type design was achieved in China's “super” hybrid rice by emphasizing the top three leaves and panicle position within a canopy in order to meet the demand of heavy panicles for a large source supply. The success of “super” hybrid rice breeding in China and progress in NPT breeding at IRRI suggest that the ideotype approach is effective for breaking the yield ceiling of an irrigated rice crop. 相似文献
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《作物学报(英文版)》2015,(5)
Breeding for salinity tolerance using Bangladeshi rice landraces and understand genetic diversity has been limited by the complex and polygenic nature of salt tolerance in rice genotypes. A genetic diversity and association mapping analysis was conducted using 96 germplasm accessions with variable response to salt stress at the seedling stage. These included86 landraces and 10 indica varieties and lines including Nona Bokra, from southern Bangladesh. A total of 220 alleles were detected at 58 Simple Sequence Repeat(SSR) marker loci randomly distributed on all 12 rice chromosomes and 8 Sequence Tagged Site(STS) markers developed for genes SKC1, DST, and SalT. The average gene diversity was 0.5075 and polymorphism information content value was 0.4426, respectively. Cluster analysis revealed that 68 and 21 accessions were clustered into 2 distinct groups, possibly corresponding to indica and japonica groups, respectively and the remaining 7 landraces were classified as an admixed group. In addition to Wn11463, the STS marker for SKC1, RM22418 on Chr. 8 was significantly associated with salinity tolerance, at the location of a QTL detected in previous studies. Our findings of favorable alleles associated with salinity tolerance in Bangladeshi rice landraces, as well as the development of STS markers for salt tolerance genes, will be helpful in future efforts to breed salinity tolerance in rice. 相似文献
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北方杂交粳稻米质分布现状及超亲优势分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对北方杂交粳稻工程技术中心所配组的100个杂交粳稻进行了13个米质性状的分布分析和超亲优势的分布分析,结果表明:现有的杂交粳稻米质指标中整精米率表现出的差异较大,优质组合数相对较少,长粒品种少,宽粒品种多,长宽比差异不大,低垩白率、垩白度组合较多,大多杂交粳稻组合的食味指标较好,营养指标的差异不大。超亲优势分析表明:杂交粳稻在加工品质、外观品质方面超父本优势所占的组合数比例要好于超母本优势所占的组合数比例,说明现有的杂交粳稻母本的加工品质、外观品质优于父本,而在食味品质与营养品质方面现有的杂交粳稻父本要优于母本,在糙米率、粒宽、食味指标与营养指标中表现为超中亲优势的组合数的比例较高。 相似文献
18.
对10个花香A杂交组合参加水稻区域试验的产量和品质数据进行相关分析和通径分析。结果表明,产量性状中日产量与有效穗数、株高与穗长、总粒数与实粒数均成极显著正相关,日产量对产量的贡献最大(0.7205),其次为有效穗数;米质性状中整精米率与垩白粒率、长宽比与垩白粒率、垩白度呈显著负相关。提出了以花香A为亲本在配制杂交组合时,应主要通过提高其日产量、有效穗数,并适当延长其生育期、降低其株高与穗长来提升产量;同时,适度降低籽粒长宽比,从而提高灌浆效率,降低垩白粒率、垩白度,进而提高整精米率,提升稻米品质。 相似文献
19.
中国主要稻米的粒型及其品质特性 总被引：31，自引：3，他引：28
利用近3年全国各地的籼、粳稻稻谷样品5331份(其中籼稻谷3810份,粳稻谷1521份)的米质数据,对我国目前稻米的粒型及其相关品质进行了研究。结果表明,目前生产上应用的籼稻品种的粒长主要有长粒和中粒两种,粒形则以中粒形为主,细粒形为辅;绝大多数粳稻品种的米粒属短、粗类型。籼稻的粒长、粒形均与其整精米率、垩白度、透明度、直链淀粉含量呈极显著负相关,而与胶稠度呈极显著正相关。粳稻的粒长、粒形与其主要品质指标的相关性相对较弱,且其性质也与籼稻的不尽相同。不同粒长组的平均整精米率也不同,其高低顺序是极短、短、中、长、极长,其中粳稻的极短粒与短粒两个类型间的整精米率无明显差别,但两者的整精米率与中粒的差异极显著;籼稻米各粒长组间整精米率的差异均达极显著水平。对各类稻米的品质进行评价的结果显示,粳稻米总体的品质优于籼稻米,有近半数粳稻品种的米质达到了优质米标准,而籼稻仅有1/4达到优质米标准;籼稻米中,极长粒形及长粒形品种中达优质米标准的比率高于中粒形及短粒形的品种。 相似文献
20.
To provide genetic information and materials for breeding hybrid japonica rice with wide adaptability and strong competitive advantage of yield,elite alleles and their carrier varieties of growth duration (GD) and productive panicle number per plant (PN) were detected.A natural population composed of 94 japonica varieties was phenotyped for the GD,PN and plant height (PH) in two environments.The conditional phenotypic data were transferred by the linear model method in software QGAStation 1.0,and association mapping based on the unconditional and conditional phenotype values of GD and PN was analyzed by using general linear model in software TASSEL.A total of 34 simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker loci associated with GD and PN were detected in the two environments.Among them,15 were associated with GD,and 19 were associated with PN.Four elite alleles of RM8095-120bp,RM7102-176bp,RM72-170bp and RM72-178bp were associated with GD,and their carrier varieties were Hongmangshajing,Nipponbare,Hongmangshajing and Nannongjing 62401,respectively.These elite alleles from the carrier varieties can shorten GD by 2.03 9.93 d when they were introduced into improved materials.RM72-182bp associated with PN was an elite allele,and its carrier variety was Xiaoqingzhong.It can increase PN by three when introduced into improved materials.Moreover,these elite alleles can be used to improve target traits without influencing another two traits. 相似文献