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Zhong WEI Ville-Petri FRIMAN Thomas POMMIER Stefan GEISEN Alexandre JOUSSET Qirong SHEN 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2020,7(3):317-328
Managing plant health is a great challenge for modern food production and is further complicated by the lack of common ground between the many disciplines involved in disease control. Here we present the concept of rhizosphere immunity, in which plant health is considered as an ecosystem level property emerging from networks of interactions between plants, microbiota and the surrounding soil matrix. These interactions can potentially extend the innate plant immune system to a point where the rhizosphere immunity can fulfil all four core functions of a full immune system: pathogen prevention, recognition, response and homeostasis. We suggest that considering plant health from a meta-organism perspective will help in developing multidisciplinary pathogen management strategies that focus on steering the whole plant-microbe-soil networks instead of individual components. This might be achieved by bringing together the latest discoveries in phytopathology, microbiome research, soil science and agronomy to pave the way toward more sustainable and productive agriculture. 相似文献
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土壤盐渍化是农业可持续生产面临的严重威胁之一。利用高效、低成本和适应性强的方法对盐渍区进行修复是一个具有挑战性的目标。土壤微生物在调节植物根际环境、调控生长发育和提高系统生产力等方面具有重要作用。近年来,由微生物驱动的植物胁迫耐受性受到了广泛关注。通过识别和利用能与植物相互作用的土壤微生物来减轻盐胁迫,为盐渍区改良提供了一种新策略,也为与胁迫耐受相关新机制的发现开辟了新途径。了解不同微生物介导的胁迫耐受性的潜在生理机制对有效利用这些微生物促进农业可持续生产至关重要,本文从植物养分吸收、渗透平衡、激素水平、抗氧化功能等方面论述了国内外关于土壤微生物介导植物耐盐性的作用机理,评估了目前关于土壤微生物参与调节植物耐盐性相关研究的有益作用和不足之处,提出了未来研究的发展方向。目前通过提高养分及水分吸收效率维持盐胁迫下植物离子稳态,提高生长素的合成、降低乙烯的释放调控植物激素水平是土壤微生物改良植物耐盐性的目标过程,然而单个外源微生物接种时会与土著微生物组竞争,导致许多微生物菌株不能在土壤或植物根系中定殖或存活,致使微生物在大规模农业生产应用中仅取得了有限的成功。未来微生物介导植物抗盐性的研究应突破单一微生物接种的研究方式,进一步在群落水平上阐明植物-微生物的相互作用介导植物抗盐性的机制,解决农业微生物利用的关键问题。 相似文献
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Application of Trichoderma harzianum (T22) and Trichoderma atroviride (P1) as plant growth promoters, and their compatibility with copper oxychloride 
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下载免费PDF全文 Francesco Vinale Gaetano D'' Ambrosio Khalid Abadi Felice Scala Roberta Marra David Turrà Sheridan L Woo Matteo Lorito 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2004,30(4):425-425
Trichoderma strains are used in agriculture because they provide to the plants the following benefits: i) are rhizosphere competence and establish stable rhizosphere microbial communities; ii) control plant disease caused by pathogenic and competitive microflora, by using a variety of mechanisms; iii) improve vegetative growth, root development and yield; iv) make nutrients more available to the plant. In this work we have investigated the ability of T. harzianum T22 and T. atroviride P… 相似文献
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根际与非根际土壤铜化学行为的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
铜是动植物必需的微量元素,但过量的铜会严重影响动植物的生长。近年来,随着工农业的发展,土壤的铜污染加重并成为重要的土壤环境问题之一。铜污染研究已扩展到根际微域。根际是受植物根系及其生长活动显著影响的土壤微区,其特殊的化学、物理和生物性质对重金属的形态变化和迁移性影响巨大。对近年来铜在根际pH、Eh、根系分泌物、根际有机物和微生物变化影响下的化学行为研究进展进行了综述,今后需进一步深化单个或者多个根际环境因子（pH、Eh、根系分泌物、根际有机物等）对铜形态变化影响的研究,为评估其在土壤环境中赋存释放风险、阐述铜污染土壤化学和生物修复机制提供指导。 相似文献
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Wheat straw biochar amendment suppresses tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum: Potential effects of rhizosphere organic acids and amino acids 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Complex interactions based on host plant, rhizosphere microorganisms and soil microenvironment are presumed to be responsible for the suppressive properties of biochar against soil-borne diseases, although the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of biochar amendment for controlling tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, and to explore the interactions between biochar-induced changes in rhizosphere compound composition, the pathogen and tomato growth. The results showed that biochar amendment decreased disease incidence by 61–78% and simultaneously improved plant growth. The positive ‘biochar effect' could be associated with enhanced microbial activity and alterations in the rhizosphere organic acid and amino acid composition. Specifically, elevated rhizosphere citric acid and lysine, but reduced salicylic acid, were induced by biochar which improved microbial activity and rendered the rhizosphere unsuitable for the development of R. solanacearum. In addition, nutrients which were either made more available by the stimulated microbial activity or supplied by the biochar could improve plant vigor and potentially enhance tomato resistance to diseases. Our findings highlight that biochar's ability to control tomato bacterial wilt could be associated with the alteration of the rhizosphere organic acid and amino acid composition, however, further research is required to verify these ‘biochar effects' in field conditions. 相似文献
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根表功能细菌生物膜及其在土壤有机污染控制与修复中的潜在应用价值 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤中的有机污染物可从根系进入植物体内,并可进一步通过食物链富集,从而威胁人群健康。植物根际微生物种类繁多、数量巨大,其中很多根际细菌可通过成膜作用在植物根表形成细菌生物膜,协助植物抵抗外界的不良环境或促进植物生长。有机污染物在被植物根系吸收的过程中,多需经过根表细菌生物膜这一特殊界面。综述了根际细菌在植物根表的成膜作用,以及根表功能细菌生物膜对污染物根际环境过程的影响及作用机理,分析了利用根表功能细菌生物膜调控植物吸收有机污染物的可行性,试图为防治土壤有机污染、降低作物污染风险、保障农产品安全等提供理论依据。 相似文献
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In the present agricultural system, the discriminate use of synthetic chemical fertilizers has predominantly increased throughout the world. Moreover, using excessive use of fertilizers to increase production deteriorates the various soil qualities and pollute water body environment. So using VAM fungi as a biocontrol agent in modern sustainable agriculture, in terms of various parameters like reduction of damage caused by various pathogens, cost effectiveness, energy saving and also as an environment friendly, is a promising perspective in modern agriculture. Also control of plant pathogens in modern agriculture is presently accepted as a key practice in sustainable agriculture because it is based on the management of certain rhizosphere organisms, common components of ecosystems, known to develop antagonistic activities against harmful organisms. Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi interact with other microorganisms in the rhizosphere and various other soil constituents. Upon root colonization by VAMF, there occurs profound physiological changes in the host plant. Present agriculture system increasing demand for low-input agriculture and creates greater interest in soil microorganisms which are able to accelerate plant nutrition, health and improve soil quality. The importance of VAM in incresaing food production is far and wide; therefore these can be used in modern sustainable agriculture particulary as biocontrol agent. This review highlights the different interactions of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (VAMF) and the rule of these interactions in the biological control of plant pathogens. But the commercial use of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (VAMF) as biocontrol agents is still in its infancy. The main reason is the poor understanding of the mechanisms of the modes of action of VAM fungi in association with the host plants. 相似文献
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NMF菌群腐熟牛粪对植物病害及土壤微生物的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用盆栽试验研究了NMF菌群腐熟牛粪对植物病害以及土壤微生物的影响。结果表明,NMF菌群腐熟牛粪能明显降低小麦纹枯病和番茄灰霉病的发病率,对水稻恶苗病的抑制效果不明显。另外,腐熟牛粪可以促进土壤中细菌和放线菌的生长,抑制土壤中真菌的生长。 相似文献
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菌根真菌与植物根际微生物互作关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
菌根真菌是自然生态系统中最重要的功能群之一,深入研究和揭示它与植物根际微生物间的互作关系,对进一步利用和调控根围微生物的相互作用,促进植物生长,维持农林生态系统的稳定具有重要意义。菌根真菌与某些根际有益微生物(如MHB、PGPR)具有协同促生关系。这些有益微生物可通过改变根际土壤微环境、提高根系对菌根真菌侵染的感受性等为菌根菌在根部的定殖创造有利条件;而菌根真菌则可通过改变根际土壤pH值、根际营养等方面影响根际微生物的群落结构。菌根真菌与土壤微生物通过相互促进或抑制,对宿主植物产生影响。目前,国内外关于菌根真菌与根际微生物互作中二者相互识别、协同作用的机理研究还处于探索阶段。快速发展的分子生物学技术为研究菌根围微生态区系提供了新的途径,将有助于科学有效地研究菌根围微生物之间的互作机制。 相似文献
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根际微生态防治作物土传真菌病害的机制研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
土传真菌病害分布范围广、传播速度快且危害性大,已成为世界性难题。化学杀菌剂一直被认为是防治土传真菌病害的重要手段,但是长期大量使用化学杀菌剂不仅会造成农药残留、病原菌的抗药性增加,而且还会造成食品安全、粮食安全及土壤、环境污染等问题,严重制约农业健康可持续发展。根际微生态是与植物根系发生紧密联系和相互作用的土壤微域,是植物自己营造的有利于植物健康和生长的生态系统。深入探究根际微生态防治作物土传真菌病害的机制,有利于从根际微生物、环境因子、抑病物质等方面挖掘防治土传真菌病害安全高效的方法。本研究着重从土传真菌病害的危害、土传真菌病害发生的根际微生态机制及土传真菌病害生物防治研究进展等方面进行探讨,以期为防治土传真菌病害的研究及生物防治提供参考。 相似文献
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The soybean rhizosphere has a specific microbial community, but the differences in microbial community structure between different soybean genotypes have not been explained. The present study analyzed the structure of the rhizosphere microbial community in three soybean genotypes. Differences in rhizosphere microbial communities between different soybean genotypes were verified using diversity testing and community composition, and each genotype had a specific rhizosphere microbial community composition. Co-occurrence network analysis found that different genotype plant hosts had different rhizosphere microbial networks. The relationship between rhizobia and rhizosphere microorganisms in the network also exhibited significant differences between different genotype plant hosts. The ecological function prediction found that different genotypes of soybean recruited the specific rhizosphere microbial community. These results demonstrated that soybean genotype regulated rhizosphere microbial community structure differences. The study provides a reference and theoretical support for developing soybean microbial inoculum in the future. 相似文献
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西瓜枯萎病抗性及其嫁接对根际土壤微生物数量及群落结构的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】揭示不同枯萎病抗性西瓜品种根际土壤微生物的差异及嫁接提高抗病性的土壤微生物学基础。【方法】以抗枯萎病西瓜品种‘甜妞’和感枯萎病西瓜品种‘天使’为试材,以南瓜（博强1号）为嫁接砧木,采用平板计数及PCR-DGGE技术,研究抗感枯萎病西瓜品种自根苗、嫁接苗和砧木不同生育期根际土壤微生物数量及群落结构的变化。【结果】抗性品种根际土壤细菌数量在生育期的中后期显著高于感病品种,根际土壤真菌数量显著低于感病品种;感病品种嫁接后根际土壤细菌和放线菌数量均高于非嫁接处理,而镰孢菌除苗期外均低于非嫁接处理;PCR-DGGE结果表明,不同处理根际土壤细菌、真菌群落结构存在差异,且随生育期的变化而变化。对差异条带测序分析说明不同西瓜品种及嫁接砧木南瓜根际分布不同的细菌和真菌群。【结论】西瓜抗病品种的根际土壤细菌和放线菌的数量显著高于感病品种,而真菌和镰孢菌数量显著低于感病品种,品种的抗性与根际土壤微生物的种群和数量密切相关;嫁接提高了感病品种根际土壤细菌、放线菌微生物数量,抑制了枯萎病菌的积聚,改变了根际土壤微生物群落结构。植物基因型对根际土壤微生物群落结构有显著影响,而根际微生物群落结构的不同将导致植物对病原菌的抗性差异及品种差异。 相似文献
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转基因作物对土壤生态系统的影响日益引起人们的广泛关注。采用Biolog ECO微平板对转基因抗虫玉米IE09S034及其对应的受体玉米根际微生物群落碳代谢功能进行了比较研究。结果表明,转基因抗虫玉米IE09S034对根际微生物碳代谢功能无显著性影响,且发现年份和生育期是引起根际微生物碳代谢情况变化的主要因素。本文为转基因抗虫玉米IE09S034的环境安全性评估提供了新的依据。 相似文献
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低温是影响植物生长和分布范围的一个重要的气象因子。随着全球气候变化影响,低温冻害已经成为植物生产中最重要的限制性环境因子之一。了解植物抗寒的分子机制,成为当前植物分子生物学与生理学的研究热点之一。作为重要的基因调控因子,转录因子在植物的抗寒过程中表现出至关重要的作用。目前研究的与抗寒有关的转录因子主要有AP2/EREBP、MYB、NAC、bZIP、WRKY、Zinc-finger等。该文综述了植物中与抗寒相关的六大类转录因子的结构、分类及抗寒功能的研究现状,并对它们之间的互作研究现状进行简单阐述,同时对抗寒相关领域的进一步研究进行了展望。 相似文献
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由茄科雷尔氏菌（Ralstonia solanacearum）侵染引起的植物细菌性青枯病（Bacterial wilt）素有“植物癌症”之称,是一种毁灭性土传细菌病害。目前,青枯病已成为制约我国番茄生产的主要病害之一。抗青枯病番茄品种表现出与劣质农艺性状连锁遗传的问题一直没有得到解决,而且番茄青枯病抗性主要为数量遗传,不利于优良抗病品种的选育。根际微生物参与调控植物免疫系统,提高寄主植物青枯病抗性,反之,寄主植物的健康状况也能够影响根际微生物群落组成,根际微生物在番茄青枯病防治中具有重要作用。对抗青枯病番茄根际微生物群落特征及微生物群落形成的影响因素进行总结,讨论了根际微生物参与调控番茄青枯病抗性遗传的作用机制,并对利用有益根际微生物调控番茄青枯病研究方向的热点进行展望,为番茄青枯病诱导抗性机制的解析、遗传育种以及番茄青枯病的防治与品种的合理布局提供有效参考。 相似文献
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《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2015,(3)
Bacillus subtilis(B. subtilis) and Pseudomonas fluorescens(P. fluorescens) are two of the most important plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR) in agriculture. An in situ trial was conducted on greenhouse tomato(Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) to examine the effect of two bacterial strains, Bacillus subtilis(CGMCC 1.3343) and Pseudomonas fluorescens(CGMCC 1.1802), on tomato growth, gray mold disease control, catabolic and genetic microbial features of indigenous rhizosphere bacteria under lownitrogen conditions. A commercial inoculant(ETS) was also tested as a comparison. Both B. subtilis and P. fluorescens promoted growth and biomass of seedlings, while only B. subtilis was effi cient in reducing gray mold incidence in greenhouse tomato. The two bacterial strains could colonization in tomato rhizosphere soil at the end of experiment(10 days after the last inoculation). Different AWCD trends and DGGE patterns were got in different bacterial treatments; however, analyses of microbial diversities showed that indigenous soil microbes did not seem to have signifi cant differences at either the catabolic or genetic level among treatments. ETS, as a commercial microbial agent, promoted plant growth and gave a higher microbial diversity in rhizosphere soil. 相似文献
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根际反硝化作用与N2O释放 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
对根际反硝化作用及N2O的释放进行了综述。反硝化过程与N2O的产生及释放有密切的关系。反硝化作用产生的N2O量不仅取决于反硝化速率，而且也取决于那些影响反硝化产物N2O／N2比值的参数。在植物根际这一特殊土壤区域中，反硝化作用受NO3^-,C及O2的综合影响，豆科作物根瘤是一个特殊的根际系统，根瘤菌的反硝化作用及N2O释放应引起更大的关注。植物根际不仅对反硝化作用产生影响，而且对N2O释放也起了重要的通道作用，特别是对渍水土壤有重要的意义。文章最后指出了一些尚需深入研究的问题。 相似文献