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1.
Greenhouse vegetable production has been characterized by high agricultural inputs, high temperatures, and high cropping indexes. As an intensive form of agriculture, nutrient cycling induced by microbial activities in the greenhouses is relatively different from open fields in the same region. However, the responses of soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), enzyme activities, microbial community composition, and yield to organic amendment are not well understood. Therefore, a 5-year greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.)-cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) rotation experiment was conducted. The field experiment comprised 5 treatments: 4/4CN (CN, nitrogen in chemical fertilizer), 3/4CN+1/4MN (MN, nitrogen in pig manure), 2/4CN+2/4MN, 2/4CN+1/4 MN+1/4 SN (SN, nitrogen in corn straw) and 2/4CN+2/4SN. The amounts of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), and potassium (K2O) were equal in the five treatments. Starting with the fourth growing season, the optimal yield was obtained from soil treated with straw. MBC, MBN, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles, and enzyme activities were significantly changed by 5 years of substitution with organic amendments. Redundancy analysis showed that MBC accounts for 89.5 and 52.3% of the total enzyme activity and total community variability, respectively. The activities of phosphomonoesterase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, and urease, and the relative abundances of fungi, actinomycetes, and Gram-negative bacteria were significantly and positively related to vegetable yields. Considering the effects of organic amendments on soil microbial characteristics and vegetable yield, 2/4CN+1/4MN+1/4SN can improve soil quality and maintain sustainable high yield in greenhouse vegetable production.  相似文献   

2.
Phosphorus (P) leaching is a major problem in greenhouse vegetable production with excessive P fertilizer application. Substitution of inorganic P fertilizer with organic fertilizer is considered a potential strategy to reduce leaching, but the effect of organic material addition on soil P transformation and leaching loss remains unclear. The X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy technique can determine P speciation at the molecular level. Here, we integrated XANES and chemical methods to explore P speciation and transformation in a 10-year field experiment with four treatments: 100% chemical fertilizer (4CN), 50% chemical N and 50% manure N (2CN+2MN), 50% chemical N and 50% straw N (2CN+2SN), and 50% chemical N and 25% manure N plus 25% straw N (2CN+2MSN). Compared with the 4CN treatment, the organic substitution treatments increased the content of labile P by 13.7–54.2% in the 0–40 cm soil layers, with newberyite and brushite being the main constituents of the labile P. Organic substitution treatments decreased the stable P content; hydroxyapatite was the main species and showed an increasing trend with increasing soil depth. Straw addition (2CN+2SN and 2CN+2MSN) resulted in a higher moderately labile P content and a lower labile P content in the subsoil (60–100 cm). Moreover, straw addition significantly reduced the concentrations and amounts of total P, dissolved inorganic P (DIP), and particulate P in leachate. DIP was the main form transferred by leaching and co-migrated with dissolved organic carbon. Partial least squares path modeling revealed that straw addition decreased P leaching by decreasing labile P and increasing moderately labile P in the subsoil. Overall, straw addition is beneficial for developing sustainable P management strategies due to increasing labile P in the upper soil layer for the utilization of plants, and decreasing P migration and leaching.  相似文献   

3.
Organic manure application is an important measure for high yield and good quality vegetable production, whereas organic manure is also a main source of residual antibiotic in soils. A 3-yr experiment was conducted on a fluvo-aguic soil in Tianjin of northern China. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different fertilization patterns on yield of six-season vegetables with celery and tomato rotation, and dynamic change of tetracyclines residues in the soil during the sixth growing season(tomato season). The field experiment comprised six treatments depending on the proportion of nitrogen of each type of fertilizer: 4/4 CN(CN, nitrogen in chemical fertilizer), 3/4 CN+1/4 MN(MN, nitrogen in pig manure), 2/4 CN+2/4 MN, 1/4 CN+3/4 MN, 2/4 CN+1/4 MN+1/4 SN(SN, nitrogen in corn straw), and CF(conventional fertilization, the amounts of nitrogen application were 943 and 912 kg N ha–1 for celery and tomato season, respectively). In addition to CF treatment, the amount of nitrogen application in other treatments was greatly reduced and equal(450 and 450 kg N ha–1 for celery and tomato season, respectively). Results showed that the combined application of 3/4 CN+1/4 MN achieved the highest yield and economic benefit in the first four seasons, but addition of straw(2/4 CN+1/4 MN+1/4 SN treatment) performed better in the subsequent two seasons, and the average yields of 2/4 CN+1/4 MN+1/4 SN treatment were respectively higher by 9.9 and 12.8% than those of 4/4 CN treatment, and by 5.6 and 10.5% than those of CF treatment. The residual chlortetracycline(CTC) in manure-amended soil for three consecutive years increased along with the increase of applied amount of pig manure. Under the same amount of pig manure application, content of CTC in straw-amended soil was obviously decreased compared with no straw-amended soil(3/4 CN+1/4 MN treatment), and averagely decreased by 41.9% for four sampling periods in the sixth season. Addition of crop straw facilitated the degradation of CTC in manure-amended soil. As a whole, the conventional fertilization was not the desirable pattern based on yield, economic benefit and environment, the optimal fertilization pattern with the highest yield and profit and the least soil chlortetracycline residue was the treatment of2/4 CN+1/4 MN+1/4 SN under this experimental condition.  相似文献   

4.
不同有机肥源对红壤旱地耕层土壤性质的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
通过3年的大田试验研究不同有机肥源对红壤旱地耕层土壤性质的影响.结果表明:腐熟猪粪和粉碎秸秆作为2种不同有机肥源,均可以降低土壤容重,提高土壤pH值,增加总孔隙度和物理性粘粒含量;2种有机肥均能提高红壤旱地有机质和速效氮、磷、钾的含量,而腐熟猪粪配施化肥处理的速效氮、磷、钾含量均显著高于纯施猪粪处理和纯施秸秆处理(P<0.05).有机-无机配合施用是提高红壤肥力的基本途径;2种有机肥源均能提高土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌、固氮菌、氨化细菌和硝化细菌的数量,增加其活性,与纯施化肥处理相比较,差异显著(P<0.05);2种有机肥提高了红壤中过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性,而不同的有机肥源处理之间各种酶的活性差异不显著(P<0.05).  相似文献   

5.
The present study examined the influence of the different fertilization on the dynamic of soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) of red soil in tea gardens. The results showed that straw mulching, intercropping, chemical fertilizer could all improve the amount of the soil microbial biomass C. The annual variation of microbial biomass C showed the tendency of “low-high-low-high”, and the influences were variable with the time. For the annual average of soil microbial biomass C, Treatment 1(T1) (straw mulching + 100% organic manure), Treatment 2 (T2) (straw mulching + 75% organic manure + 25% fertilizer), Treatment 3 (T3) (straw mulching + 50% organic manure + 50% fertilizer), Treatment 4 (T4) (straw mulching + 25% organic manure + 75% fertilizer), Treatment 5 (T5) (100% fertilizer),Treatment 6 (T6) (intercropping white clover) were 17.05%, 32.38%, 32.05%, 24.30%, 26.23%, 24.63% higher, respectively, than CK, and the differences among all the treatments were significant (P < 0.05). The correlation of the SMBC with the active organic matter, the total nitrogen, the microbial biomass N, the microbial biomass P were remarkable, but no significant correlation was found with available nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and moisture. Compared with other treatments, those mixed with organic matter and chemical fertilizer were more advantageous to enhance the soil fertility. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Ecology, 26(7): 1009–1013 [译自: 生态学杂志]  相似文献   

6.
Soil aggregation, microbial community, and functions(i.e., extracellular enzyme activities; EEAs) are critical factors affecting soil C dynamics and nutrient cycling. We assessed soil aggregate distribution, stability, nutrients, and microbial characteristics within 2, 0.25–2, 0.053–0.25, and 0.053 mm aggregates, based on an eight-year field experiment in a greenhouse vegetable field in China. The field experiment includes four treatments: 100% N fertilizer(CF), 50% substitution of N fertilizer with manure(M), straw(S), and manure plus straw(MS). The amounts of nutrient(N, P_2O_5, and K_2O) input were equal in each treatment. Results showed higher values of mean weight diameter in organic-amended soils(M, MS, and S, 2.43–2.97) vs. CF-amended soils(1.99). Relative to CF treatment, organic amendments had positive effects on nutrient(i.e., available N, P, and soil organic C(SOC)) conditions, microbial(e.g., bacterial and fungal) growth, and EEAs in the 0.053 mm aggregates, but not in the 0.053 mm aggregates. The 0.25–0.053 mm aggregates exhibited better nutrient conditions and hydrolytic activity, while the 0.053 mm aggregates had poor nutrient conditions and higher oxidative activity among aggregates, per SOC, available N, available P, and a series of enzyme activities. These results indicated that the 0.25–0.053 mm(0.053 mm) aggregates provide suitable microhabitats for hydrolytic(oxidative) activity. Interestingly, we found that hydrolytic and oxidative activities were mainly impacted by fertilization(58.5%, P0.01) and aggregate fractions(50.5%, P0.01), respectively. The hydrolytic and oxidative activities were significantly(P0.01) associated with nutrients(SOC and available N) and pH, electrical conductivity, respectively. Furthermore, SOC, available N, and available P closely(P0.05) affected microbial communities within 0.25, 0.25–0.053, and 0.053 mm aggregates, respectively. These findings provide several insights into microbial characteristics within aggregates under different fertilization modes in the greenhouse vegetable production system in China.  相似文献   

7.
Soil health is important for the sustainable development of terrestrial ecosystem. In this paper, we studied the relationship between soil quality and soil microbial properties such as soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities in order to illustrate the function of soil microbial properties as bio-indicators of soil health. In this study, microbial biomass C and N contents （Cmic ＆ Nmic）, soil enzyme activities, and soil fertility with different fertilizer regimes were carried out based on a 15-year long-term fertilizer experiment in Drab Fluvo-aquic soil in Changping County, Beijing, China. At this site, 7 different treatments were established in 1991. They were in a wheat-maize rotation receiving either no fertilizer （CK）, mineral fertilizers （NPK）, mineral fertilizers with wheat straw incorporated （NPKW）, mineral fertilizers with incremental wheat straw incorporated （NPKW＋）, mineral fertilizers plus swine manure （NPKM）, mineral fertilizers plus incremental swine manure （NPKM＋） or mineral fertilizers with maize straw incorporated （NPKS）. In different fertilization treatments Cmic changed from 96.49 to 500.12 mg kg^-1, and Nmic changed from 35.89 to 101.82 mg kg^-1. Compared with CK, the other treatments increased Cmic ＆ Nmic, Cmic/Corg （organic C） ratios, Cmic/Nmic, urease activity, soil organic matter （SOM）, soil total nitrogen （STN）, and soil total phosphorus （STP）. All these properties in treatment with fertilizers input NPKM＋ were the highest. Meantime, long-term combined application of mineral fertilizers with organic manure or crop straw could significantly decrease the soil pH in Fluvo-aquic soil （the pH around 8.00 in this experimental soil）. Some of soil microbial properties （Cmic/Nmic, urease activity） were positively correlated with soil nutrients. Cmic/Nmic was significantly correlated with SOM and STN contents. The correlation between catalase activity and soil nutrients was not significant. In addition, except of catalase act  相似文献   

8.
We investigated the soil microbiologic characteristics, and the yield and sustainable production of winter wheat, by conducting a long-term fertilization experiment. A single application of N, P and K (NPK) fertilizer was taken as the control (CK) and three organic fertilization treatments were used: NPK fertilizer+pig manure (T1), NPK fertilizer+straw return (T2), NPK fertilizer+pig manure+straw return (T3). The results showed that all three organic fertilization treatments (T1, T2 and T3) significantly increased both soil total N (STN) and soil organic carbon (SOC) from 2008 onwards. In 2016, the SOC content and soil C/N ratios for T1, T2 and T3 were significantly higher than those for CK. The three organic fertilization treatments increased soil microbial activity. In 2016, the activity of urease (sucrase) and the soil respiration rate (SRS) for T1, T2 and T3 were significantly higher than those under CK. The organic fertilization treatments also increased the content of soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN), the SMBC/SMBN ratio and the microbial quotient (qMB). The yield for T1, T2 and T3 was significantly higher than that of CK, respectively. Over the nine years of the investigation, the average yield increased by 9.9, 13.2 and 17.4% for T1, T2 and T3, respectively, compared to the initial yield for each treatment, whereas the average yield of CK over the same period was reduced by 6.5%. T1, T2, and T3 lowered the coefficient of variation (CV) of wheat yield and increased the sustainable yield index (SYI). Wheat grain yield was significantly positively correlated with each of the soil microbial properties (P<0.01). These results showed that the long-term application of combined organic and chemical fertilizers can stabilize crop yield and make it more sustainable by improving the properties of the soil.  相似文献   

9.
培肥复垦宅基地土壤酶和微生物特征研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
【目的】研究不同培肥措施对废弃宅基地土壤化学性质、酶、微生物特性的影响,为农村闲置废弃宅地基的复垦利用、开发提供理论依据。【方法】采用田间试验,以不施肥为对照,采用多种培肥模式（化肥、有机复合肥、有机复合肥+菌肥、有机肥、有机肥+菌肥）对宅基地复垦土壤进行处理,分析培肥后土壤化学性质、酶活性及微生物区系的变化特征,利用酶总体活性指标(Tatal enzymatic activity index,TEI)对不同施肥措施下土壤肥力水平的变化进行评价。【结果】复垦培肥后,有机肥、有机肥+菌肥处理显著增加了土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾含量,其中有机质含量分别增加了25.22%和25.27%;土壤转化酶、脲酶、磷酸酶、芳基硫酸酯酶、脱氢酶活性均显著或极显著提高;土壤三大菌群中的放线菌数量极显著增加,分别为试验前的2.64和2.77倍;土壤酶总体活性指标（TEI）值为5.04～11.09,除与全磷、碱解氮、过氧化氢酶、细菌和真菌总数的相关性不显著外,与其他指标之间均呈显著或极显著相关。【结论】施用有机肥或有机肥+菌肥是研究区宅基地土壤较适宜的改良措施,同时TEI可以很好地评价不同施肥措施的优劣。  相似文献   

10.
化肥减量对玉米田土壤酶活性及微生物量的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
【目的】在小麦-玉米轮作模式下,探讨有机培肥时化肥减量对玉米田土壤酶活性及微生物量的影响。【方法】于2010-10-2011-07在陕西杨凌进行大田试验,试验共设置化肥不减量+高有机肥（NPK+HM）、化肥不减量+中有机肥（NPK+MM）、化肥不减量+低有机肥（NPK+LM）、化肥减量70%+高有机肥（30%NPK+HM）、化肥减量50%+中有机肥（50%NPK+MM）、化肥减量30%+低有机肥（70%NPK+LM）和对照（NPK）7个处理,分别于玉米苗期、拔节期、大喇叭口期、抽雄期、灌浆期及成熟期采集玉米田0～20 cm土层土样,测定土壤蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、脲酶活性及土壤微生物量碳、氮含量,分析不同施肥处理土壤酶活性及土壤微生物量碳、氮含量的变化规律。【结果】无论在化肥减量还是不减量条件下,增施有机肥均可以明显提高土壤蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和脲酶的活性及微生物量碳、氮含量,但土壤多酚氧化酶活性却显著下降;有机培肥条件下,不同的化肥减量处理对土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶活性以及土壤微生物量碳、氮含量的影响不同,其中化肥减量50%+中量有机肥（50%NPK+MM）处理的土壤酶活性及微生物量碳、氮含量均最高,且与化肥不减量+高量有机培肥（NPK+HM）处理对土壤酶活性以及微生物量碳、氮含量的作用几乎一致。另外,各有机培肥处理玉米不同生育阶段的土壤呼吸强度均较对照（NPK）处理高,但差异并不明显。【结论】在小麦-玉米轮作模式下,化肥减量50%+中量有机肥（50%NPK+MM）是比较合理的施肥方式,化肥适度减量在土壤培肥过程中是合理可行的。  相似文献   

11.
为研究有机肥与化肥处理下稻田土壤Cu、Zn、Cd含量之间的差异,并探明关键影响因子,本研究利用持续了35 a的长期定位试验,分析了土壤重金属全量及有效态、土壤理化性质和水稻产量,并利用多种统计分析方法研究了猪粪组和化肥组土壤Cu、Zn和Cd与土壤理化指标之间的关系。结果表明：与对照（不施肥）相比,长期施用猪粪使土壤Cu、Zn、Cd全量和有效态含量分别提高了134%~239%、57%~124%、58%~171%和191%~380%、285%~811%、61%~184%,并显著提升了土壤有机质（SOM）、阳离子交换量（CEC）及氮磷养分含量;而化肥处理对土壤重金属全量及有效态含量无显著影响,对土壤理化指标的提升相对较小。冗余分析（RDA）发现,猪粪组土壤全氮（TN）、CEC和速效磷（AP）分别解释了重金属方差变异的89.1%、6.4%和2.0%,化肥组土壤pH和全磷（TP）分别解释了方差变异的45.0%和22.2%,达到显著水平。进一步通过偏最小二乘路径模型（PLS-PM）分析发现,猪粪对重金属有效态的贡献远大于化肥,主要通过影响土壤重金属全量和CEC从而影响重金属有效性,其路径系数分别为0.621 7和0.295 3,均达到显著水平。猪粪组土壤重金属与理化指标之间由于“同源”关系呈显著正相关,而化肥组两者的关系受水稻生长活动等因素影响较大。研究表明,长期施肥可以通过调控土壤理化指标等影响重金属有效性,施用猪粪进行稻田土壤培肥的同时,需要注意土壤重金属的累积风险。  相似文献   

12.
有机肥中重金属对菜田土壤微生物群落代谢的影响   总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2  
基于慈溪掌起镇的蔬菜施肥试验,结合常规理化分析和Micro RESPTM方法,在2年4次施肥后,分析不施肥(CK)、重金属达标商品有机肥(T1)和Pb-As-Cu-Zn添加有机肥(T2)施用土壤的基本理化性质、重金属累积以及微生物群落代谢特征,探讨重金属对施用有机肥土壤微生物群落代谢特征的影响。结果表明,T1和T2显著提高了旱地蔬菜轮作土壤有机质和部分养分含量,且二者无显著差异。但从重金属含量上看,T2土壤Cu、Zn全量以及有效态Cu、Zn、As含量显著高于T1和CK土壤。基于Micro RESPTM的微生物群落代谢特征分析指出,与CK相比,T1显著促进了土壤基础呼吸作用和微生物代谢功能多样性,T2却无类似的促进效果,可见T2土壤Cu、Zn和有效态As含量的大幅增加削弱了有机肥中有机质等养分对土壤微生物的促进作用。主成分和聚类分析进一步表明,T1与T2土壤的微生物群落水平生理指纹图谱(CLPP)存在明显差异,T2土壤中重金属及其有效性的增加诱导柠檬酸、苹果酸和草酸等羧酸代谢利用增强。综上,畜禽粪便有机肥对菜田土壤微生物群落代谢的作用同时受到有机肥本身及其残留重金属的影响,有机肥中过高的重金属残留会改变有机肥养分对土壤微生物代谢的影响。  相似文献   

13.
不同培肥措施对新建设施土壤微生物数量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了研究不同培肥措施对新建设施土壤微生物数量的影响,选择新建设施基地,以菜瓜为供试作物,通过开展传统堆沤粪肥、商品有机肥、秸秆还田、生物菌肥等多种措施培肥,分析了不同培肥措施对作物产量和产值的影响,同时,重点研究了不同培肥措施对土壤微生物数量的影响。结果表明,培肥后比培肥前作物产量和产值明显提高,土壤真菌、放线菌和细菌数量培肥前后变化明显,而不同培肥措施对土壤微生物数量影响差异明显。试验结论说明,秸秆+堆沤粪肥+生物复合肥集成培肥措施作物产量产值相对最高,对土壤微生物数量影响最大。  相似文献   

14.
有机无机肥配施对麦-稻轮作系统土壤微生物学特性的影响   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9  
采用盆栽试验研究了不同比例有机无机肥配施对连续4茬麦-稻轮作后土壤微生物学特性的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,单施化肥处理促进了土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和微生物熵的增加,提高了土壤蔗糖酶、蛋白酶、脲酶活性,降低了过氧化氢酶活性,提高了放线菌的数量,但对土壤细菌、真菌数量的影响不明显;有机无机肥配施处理的土壤微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮、微生物熵、土壤酶活性及3大类土壤微生物数量显著高于单施化肥及对照处理;土壤微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮、微生物熵和3大类微生物数量随着有机肥配施比例的提高而增加,以配施30%有机肥处理的最高;土壤酶活性综合指数以配施20%有机肥处理的最高。可见,化肥配施有机肥特别是配施中高量有机肥更有利于改善土壤微生物学特性,提高土壤生产能力。  相似文献   

15.
长期不同施肥红壤磷素变化及其对产量的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
目的 定量长期不同施肥红壤磷素的演变特征,研究红壤磷素变化对生产力的影响,为红壤地区磷素管理提供理论依据。方法 利用持续26年的红壤旱地长期定位试验平台（1991—2016年）,比较长期不施磷肥（CK、N、NK）、施用化学磷肥（PK、NP、NPK）、化肥配合秸秆还田（NPKS）和化肥配施有机肥及有机肥（1.5NPKM、NPKM、M）土壤Olsen-P和全磷含量变化,分析土壤磷素对磷盈亏量的响应,采用不同模型拟合作物产量对有效磷的响应曲线,计算土壤有效磷农学阈值。结果 长期施用磷肥显著提高了土壤全磷和有效磷含量,提升了土壤磷素活化系数（PAC）。化肥配施有机肥及有机肥处理（1.5NPKM、NPKM、M）的PAC高于化肥配合秸秆还田（NPKS）和施用化学磷肥（PK、NP、NPK）。红壤地区土壤全磷和有效磷变化量与土壤磷盈亏量呈正相关关系（P＜0.01）,土壤每累积盈余100 kg P·hm -2,土壤Olsen-P含量上升3.00—5.22 mg·kg -1,全磷上升0.02—0.06 g·kg -1。土壤每累积亏缺磷100 kg P·hm -2,不施磷肥处理（CK、N、NK）土壤Olsen-P分别下降1.85、0.40、1.76 mg·kg -1。化肥配施有机肥及有机肥处理（1.5NPKM、NPKM、M）的小麦和玉米产量显著高于化肥配合秸秆还田（NPKS）以及施用化学磷肥（PK、NP、NPK）,显著高于不施磷肥（CK、NK、N）。化肥配施有机肥及有机肥处理（1.5NPKM、NPKM、M）的产量可持续指数也高于其他处理。3种模型（线性-线性模型、线性-平台模型和米切里西方程）均能较好地拟合作物产量与红壤有效磷含量的响应关系（P＜0.01）。在红壤地区推荐使用拟合度较好的线性-线性模型,其计算出小麦和玉米的土壤Olsen-P农学阈值分别为13.5和23.4 mg·kg -1。 结论 在南方红壤地区,化肥配施有机肥更有利于磷素累积和提升磷素有效性。化肥配施有机肥作物产量显著高于其他处理,且稳产性好。线性-线性模型可用于计算红壤地区有效磷的农学阈值。生产上应该根据土壤有效磷含量及其农学阈值调整磷肥施用量。  相似文献   

16.
不同肥料对连作烟草根际土壤微生物及酶活性的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
烟草连作障碍是制约烟草产量与品质的关键因素。以连作12年的烟草土壤为对象,通过施用不同肥料,研究了不同肥料对连作烟草产量、根际土壤微生物量、土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:不同施肥处理对连作烟草产量及土壤微生物及酶活性的影响存在一定差异,施用农家肥有利于提高连作烟草产量。土壤微生物量分析结果显示,不同施肥处理后烟草根际土壤微生物量碳、氮及微生物呼吸强度依次为:农家肥>有机肥>氮肥>复合肥。与土壤营养循环相关酶活性的分析结果表明,不同施肥处理后烟草根际土壤中性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性以有机肥处理后活性最大,而酸性磷酸酶则以农家肥处理后活性最高。与土壤生物抗逆性相关的多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶活性分析的结果显示,不同施肥处理后烟草根际土壤抗性相关酶活性大小依次为:农家肥>有机肥>氮肥>复合肥。  相似文献   

17.
长期施肥紫色水稻土磷素累积与迁移特征   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  
【目的】探讨长期不同施肥对钙质紫色水稻土磷素累积与迁移的影响。【方法】以长期肥料定位试验不同施肥处理的土壤为研究对象,试验处理包括不施肥（CK）、氮肥（N）、氮磷肥（NP）、氮磷钾肥（NPK）、有机肥（M,鲜猪粪）、有机肥+氮肥（MN）、有机肥+氮磷肥（MNP）和有机肥+氮磷钾肥（MNPK）8种施肥方式,研究不同施肥处理条件下钙质紫色水稻土磷素平衡、累积和去向状况,以及不同施肥方式对耕层（0-20 cm）土壤全磷、有效磷演变规律及土壤剖面（0-100 cm）全磷、有效磷迁移特征。【结果】钙质紫色水稻土33年不施用磷肥（CK和N）作物籽粒和秸秆磷素携出总量为613.12 kg·hm-2,种苗、根茬、雨水及灌溉水带入土壤总磷量为106.61 kg·hm-2,长期不施用磷肥土壤磷素表现出亏缺状况,年亏缺量为15.35 kg·hm-2,且土壤磷含量随种植年限延续而下降,土壤全磷含量年均减少量为0.0011 g·kg-1、有效磷含量年均减少量为0.029 mg·kg-1;33年单施无机磷肥（NP和NPK）土壤磷素投入总量为1 880.03 kg·hm-2、作物携出磷量为1 275.40 kg·hm-2,有机肥处理（M和MN）土壤投入磷量为2 532.68 kg·hm-2、携出磷量为757.50 kg·hm-2;有机无机磷肥配施（MNP和MNPK）土壤投入和携出磷量分别为4 305.11和1 436.64 kg·hm-2;不同施肥处理土壤磷素投入量都明显高于作物携出量,导致单施无机磷肥、单施有机磷肥和有机无机磷肥配施处理土壤磷素年盈余量分别为18.32、53.79和86.92 kg·hm-2,年未知去向磷量分别为4.99、34.96和59.39 kg·hm-2,土壤全磷含量年增加量分别为0.015、0.0018和0.018 g·kg-1,有效磷含量年增加量分别为1.13、0.032和1.17 mg·kg-1。长期不施用磷肥钙质紫色水稻土全磷含量随土层深度增加而降低,土壤有效磷含量则相反;长期施用磷肥土壤全磷和有效磷含量在土壤剖面都呈现出上下层高、中间低的空间分布格局。施用无机磷肥土壤磷素可迁移至60-80 cm土层,施用有机磷肥或有机无机磷肥配施土壤磷素可迁移至100 cm以下;随着磷肥施用年限持续,土壤磷素迁移深度和迁移量将会更大,有机肥的施用促使磷素向土壤下层迁移。【结论】连续数年施用磷肥后,土壤磷含量达到一定水平时应考虑减少磷肥用量,减少因有机肥过量施用导致的磷素快速积累和淋失。  相似文献   

18.
以玉米为供试作物,田间试验在黑龙江省海林农场玉米种植区完成,探讨有机肥与无机肥不同配比对玉米产量、土壤酶活性和微生物量影响。试验设5个处理,100%有机肥N+PK肥(T1)、20%有机肥N-80%无机肥N+PK肥(T2)、30%有机肥N-70%无机肥N+PK肥(T3)、100%无机肥N+PK肥(T4)和不施肥(T5)。结果表明,有机无机肥配施有利于玉米增产,T2产量为11 206.33 kg·hm-2,T3为10 862.25 kg·hm-2,分别较T1高62.1%和57.2%,较T4高10.5%和7.1%。T2和T3均有利于提高土壤酶活性及微生物碳、氮含量,其中T2处理土壤酶活性及微生物碳、氮含量均最高。可知,20%有机肥与无机肥配施是适宜的施肥方式,可通过调控土壤微生物区系提高作物产量。  相似文献   

19.
[目的]研究连续施肥对塿土生化强度的影响。[方法]在小麦-玉米轮作区进行有机肥改土长期定位试验。设置7个不同的施肥处理:无肥、化肥、低秸+化肥(休闲)、低秸+化肥、中秸+化肥、高秸+化肥和厩肥+化肥,研究不同施肥处理对土壤的培肥效应。[结果]长期施肥条件下,土壤的呼吸作用强度、氨化作用强度、硝化作用强度、纤维素分解强度均明显提高,其中氨化作用强度提高了41.67%~404.17%,硝化作用强度提高了56.78%~388.39%,纤维素分解强度提高了25.52%~98.64%。与单施化肥相比,秸秆+化肥、厩肥+化肥对土壤的培肥效果较好。[结论]连续施肥可增加土壤养分含量及供应强度,提高土壤肥力。  相似文献   

20.
【目的】探讨干旱区绿洲棉田农艺措施对土壤有机碳（SOC）及微生物量碳含量（MBC）的影响,揭示农艺措施对农田生态系统土壤碳稳定性的影响机制,为干旱区农业资源高效利用及可持续发展提供理论依据。【方法】试验采用裂裂区设计,以膜下滴灌和常规漫灌2种灌溉方式为主区,秸秆还田与秸秆不还田2种处理为裂区,4种施肥处理：单施有机肥（为腐熟鸡粪,OM）、单施氮磷钾化肥（NPK）、氮磷钾化肥与有机肥配施（NPK+OM）和不施肥（CK）为裂裂区。于棉花出苗后开始测定土壤异氧呼吸强度,并于每年棉花收获期采集土壤样品,测定和分析不同农艺措施下绿洲棉田土壤有机碳及微生物量碳含量。【结果】干旱区绿洲棉田不同农艺措施两两交互及3种措施交互作用下土壤有机碳、微生物量碳含量差异均不显著（P＞0.05）。土壤有机碳、微生物量碳含量表层0-20 cm含量均最高,其下层随着土壤深度的增加呈逐渐降低的趋势,至40-60 cm土层降至最低。不同农艺措施下,土壤有机碳含量变化表现为,与常规漫灌方式相比,膜下滴灌方式增加了2.5%-3.0%,秸秆还田比秸秆不还田增加了2.3%-6.3%,与CK处理相比,（NPK+OM）处理土壤有机碳含量增加了14.3%-16.8%,且（NPK+OM）/OM处理土壤有机碳含量显著大于CK/NPK处理（P＜0.05）。土壤微生物量碳含量为膜下滴灌方式比常规漫灌方式增加了21.9%-34.3%,秸秆还田比秸秆不还田增加了12.1%-29.4%,与CK处理相比,（NPK+OM）处理土壤微生物量碳含量增加了83.9%-151.0%。棉田土壤微生物熵（qMB）的大小变化在灌溉处理间表现为膜下滴灌>常规漫灌方式,秸秆处理间为秸秆还田>秸秆不还田处理,施肥处理间土壤微生物熵在0-40 cm土层显著大于40-60 cm土层,且不同土层间（NPK+OM）处理土壤微生物熵为最大,其次分别为OM、NPK、CK处理。棉田土壤微生物代谢熵（qCO2）大小变化在不同灌溉处理间表现为膜下滴灌低于常规漫灌方式,秸秆处理间为秸秆还田低于秸秆不还田处理,施肥处理间为（NPK+OM）P＜0.05）。不同农艺措施间互作,膜下滴灌方式及秸秆还田措施下,（NPK+OM）处理棉田土壤微生物代谢熵最低。【结论】干旱区棉花生产中,采用膜下滴灌节水技术,氮磷钾化肥和有机肥配施,并实施秸秆还田等农田管理措施,可使土壤质量得到进一步改善,有利于农田土壤的可持续利用。  相似文献   

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