首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
A crossbreed dog was presented with non-weight bearing on the right hindlimb and a semi-flexed stifle. Clinical examination and radiographic investigation showed a grade 3 medial patellar luxation, characterised by hypoplasia of the medial trochlear ridge. No other significant skeletal abnormalities were detected. A 180 degrees rotation of the femoral trochlea was the surgical technique chosen to treat the trochlear dysplasia, the aim being to move the normal lateral ridge to the medial side and thereby prevent patellar luxation. This technique was able to restore correct conformation of the femoral trochlea and preserve the integrity of the trochlear groove cartilage, thus potentially retarding the progression of degenerative joint disease. The dog recovered fully and postoperative radiographic examinations showed healing of the rotated trochlea with only mild signs of degenerative joint disease.  相似文献   

2.
OBJECTIVE: To quantify, using radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) techniques, the effects of surgical procedures most commonly combined to treat dogs with medial patellar luxation (MPL). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. METHODS: Six dogs with 8 MPL were studied. Radiographs and CT of the pelvic limbs were obtained before and immediately after soft-tissue reconstruction, trochlear wedge recession, and tibial crest transposition. Radiographic measurements included angle of inclination, Norberg angle, quadriceps angle (QA), anteversion angle, ratio of the length of the patellar tendon (PT) to the length of the patella, and change in patella tendon angle. CT measurements included angle of inclination, Norberg angle, QA, anteversion angle, depth of the femoral trochlear groove, ratio of the middle femoral trochlear groove depth to the patella thickness, and tibial crest alignment. RESULTS: Conformation of the coxofemoral joint was not affected by surgery. Surgical treatment corrected the QA by 33-58%. Trochlear wedge recession was most effective in deepening the proximal trochlea by 103.5%. The ratio of the middle femoral trochlear groove depth to the thickness of the patella postoperatively resulted in 50% coverage of the patella. Tibial crest transposition resulted in caudalization of the PT by 8.5+/-3.0 degrees, with lateralization of the tibial tuberosity of 11.3 degrees. CONCLUSION: The effects of surgery for MPL can be quantified with radiographic and CT measurements. Surgical correction restored the alignment of the quadriceps and adequately deepened the femoral trochlear groove. Tibial crest transposition resulted in caudalization of the patella tendon and lateralization of the tibial tuberosity. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These pilot data quantified the effects of surgical procedures most commonly combined to treat MPL. We hope to use these measurements to correlate surgical treatment with functional outcome and postoperative occurrence of luxation.  相似文献   

3.
OBJECTIVE: To compare trochlear block recession (TBR) to trochlear wedge recession (TWR) with regards to patellar depth (percentage of patellar volume under the trochlear ridges), patellar articular contact, percentage of recessed trochlear surface area, and resistance to patellar luxation. STUDY DESIGN: In vitro computed tomography (CT) and biomechanical evaluation using a cadaver model. SAMPLE POPULATION: Twelve normal, large-breed canine cadavers. METHODS: Bilateral pelvic limb specimens with intact stifle joints were mounted on a positioning device. The femoral trochlear ridges were reduced to provide a standard shallow trochlea. TBR or TWR was performed to a standard depth randomly on paired specimens. CT and biomechanical evaluations were performed pre- and postoperatively in both an extended (148 degrees ) and flexed (113 degrees ) stifle position. CT images were digitized and measurements made using an image-analysis software program. Biomechanical testing consisted of applying 40 degrees of internal tibial rotation and documenting patellar luxation. RESULTS: The change in trochlear depth (depth of recession) was not significantly different between groups. In the extended stifle position (patella in the proximal trochlea), patellar depth and patellar articular contact with the recessed trochlea were significantly greater after TBR compared with TWR. The percentage of recessed trochlear surface area was significantly greater after TBR compared with TWR. In the extended position, a smaller percentage of the patellae luxated within 40 degrees of internal tibial rotation after TBR compared with TWR. CONCLUSIONS: TBR increases proximal patellar depth, increases patellar articular contact with the recessed proximal trochlea, recesses a larger percentage of trochlear surface area, and results in a greater resistance to patellar luxation in an extended position as compared with TWR. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: TBR may help limit the development of stifle DJD in dogs treated for canine patellar luxation.  相似文献   

4.
Five dogs of varying breeds and ages were presented for evaluation of medial patellar luxation that was unresponsive to conservative treatment. Arthroscopy of each affected stifle was performed, and adequacy of the femoral trochlea and patellar tracking in the trochlea were assessed. Medial femoropatellar ligament release was then performed using a bipolar radiofrequency electrosurgical system with or without a tibial tuberosity transposition. The procedure resulted in good to excellent outcomes for four dogs and a fair outcome for a fifth dog.  相似文献   

5.
Osteochondritis dissecans lesions of the lateral ridge of the trochlea of the talus occur infrequently and are difficult to diagnose. They occur mainly in the proximal or proximodorsal section of the lateral ridge of the trochlea and are best seen in the plantaromedial-dorsolateral oblique projection (with the X-ray beam angled 30 to 45o from the vertical), and in the fully flexed and extended mediolateral projections. The flexed dorsoplantar projection using a horizontal beam is also useful.  相似文献   

6.
A retrospective study was performed on a sample of 134 horses diagnosed with osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the tarso-crural joints that underwent surgery for the removal of osteochondral fragments. Breed, age, site of the lesion, amount of synovial effusion and its resolution following surgery were evaluated.In more than 70 percent of cases the lesion involved the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia. The lateral trochlea ridge of the talus was involved in 6 percent of cases studied. OCD of the lateral trochlea ridge of the talus was frequently associated with OCD in other anatomical sites. Eighty-four percent of surgically treated cases that had post-op following returned to training exercise or racing activity.  相似文献   

7.
Transverse midshaft fractures of femurs from freshly euthanatized dogs were stabilized by means of 6 methods: (1) 3.5-mm bone plate and screws, (2) single intramedullary pin, (3) double intramedullary pins retrograded proximally and driven distally to the level of the femoral trochlea, (4) double intramedullary pins retrograded distally and driven proximally into the trochanteric region, (5) double intramedullary pinning in Rush pin fashion, and (6) multiple intramedullary pinning that filled the medullary cavity at the fracture site. All bones were subjected to torsional stress. The measured strain was converted to forces of torque and correlated with bone diameter to normalize the data. The forces of torque from each fixation technique were compared with each other and with the mean torque force necessary to fracture intact femurs. Torsional shear applied to plated femurs resulted in failure at a mean level of 33.8% of the calculated theoretic moment. Torsional forces were concentrated at one end of the plate and catastrophically failed at that point, whereas the fracture site remained rigidly fixed. There was no significant difference in the initial moment of torsional failure between the single intramedullary pin technique (0.05 Nm) and the double-pinning techniques (0.03 to 0.04 Nm). The multiple-pinning technique was 1.8 to 3 times as effective in resisting rotational forces, compared with the other pinning techniques, but not significantly so.  相似文献   

8.
A suspension of barium sulfate in camel milk was used as a contrast medium to assess gastric anatomy and emptying in camels. Two doses were evaluated: 10 ml/Kg and 20 ml/Kg. The lower dose was found to be inadequate for stomach opacification. The higher dose results in sufficient distention and opacification. Contrast medium was administered by placing the solution into the mouth of the camel. The reticular groove reflex was not observed. Water sacs were filled immediately after barium administration and interval emptying and filling of these sacs occurred until the initiation of abomasal emptying. The abomasum did not begin to empty until approximately 5 hours after administration of the contrast medium; abomasal emptying was not complete until approximately 24 hours after contrast medium administration.  相似文献   

9.
The aim of this study was to provide the detailed normal gross osteology and radiographic anatomy of the pelvic limb in adult small East African goats as a reference for clinical use, biomedical research and teaching. Radiography of the pelvic limb was performed in five adult small East African goats. Bone specimens of four skeletally mature small East African goats were used for gross osteological study. The ilial wing was wide. The ischiatic tuberosity was prominent and well developed. The acetabulum was rounded. The minor trochanter was located caudomedially, and the femoral trochlea was deep and narrow. The lateral and medial condyles of the femur were approximately of the same size. The tibial tuberosity was prominent, and the cochlea grooves were deep with a pronounced intermediate ridge. The trochlea of the talus was deep. The patella presented a prominent tuberosity on the cranial surface. The metatarsal sesamoid bone was seen in all animals. The observed gross osteology and radiographic anatomy of the pelvic limb of small East African goats was consistent with the presence of strong extensor muscles of the hip, stifle and tarsus for propulsion during terrestrial walking and trotting.  相似文献   

10.
The red panda (Ailurus fulgens) is a quadrupedal arboreal animal primarily distributed in the Himalayas and southern China. It is a species commonly kept in zoological collections. This study was carried out to describe the morphology of the pelvis and hind limb of the red panda evidenced by gross osteology, radiography and computed tomography as a reference for clinical use and identification of skeletons. Radiography of the pelvis and right hind limb was performed in nine and seven animals, respectively. Radiographic findings were correlated with bone specimens from three adult animals. Computed tomography of the torso and hind limb was performed in one animal. The pelvic bone had a wide ventromedial surface of the ilium. The trochlea of the femur was wide and shallow. The patella was similar to that seen in feline species. The medial fabella was not seen radiographically in any animal. The cochlea grooves of the tibia were shallow with a poorly defined intermediate ridge. The trochlea of the talus was shallow and presented with an almost flattened medial ridge. The tarsal sesamoid bone was always present. The lateral process of the base of the fifth metatarsal (MT) bone was directed laterally. The MT bones were widely spaced. The morphology of the pelvis and hind limb of the red panda indicated flexibility of the pelvis and hind limb joints as an adaptation to an arboreal quadrupedal lifestyle.  相似文献   

11.
The diagnosis and treatment of two cases of osteochondritis dissecans affecting the lateral ridge of the trochlea of the tibial tarsal bone is described. Radiographs taken in medio-lateral and oblique projections proved to be the most valuable for diagnosis. The lesions were treated surgically via a limited cranio-lateral approach. The lameness improved following surgery.  相似文献   

12.
The aims of this study were to determine the effects of parentage and gender on the prevalence, severity and location of lesions of osteochondrosis manifesta (OCM) and osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) in offspring from different Norwegian Landrace boars and to examine the relationships between lesion characteristics and selected growth parameters. Fifteen sires were selected based on their high breeding value for osteochondrosis. Seven locations in the distal humerus and the distal femur from 1680 offspring of these animals were evaluated for severity of OCM and presence of OCD by gross examination of serially sectioned humeri and femora. Osteochondrosis manifesta was most prevalent in the trochlea of humerus, the sagittal ridge of humerus, the medial condyle of femur and the medial sulcus obliquus of femur. The severity of the lesions and the prevalence of OCD were highest in the trochlea and the sagittal ridge of humerus. Castrates had significantly higher OCM scores than sows. There were significant effects of both sire and dam on the OCM scores of the offspring in most locations; however, growth rate and weight at slaughter did not influence the OCM score.  相似文献   

13.
Arthroscopic mosaic arthroplasty in the equine third carpal bone   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
OBJECTIVE--To investigate survival and function of autogenous heterotopic osteochondral grafts in a site where injuries are common. STUDY DESIGN--Three osteochondral grafts were harvested arthroscopically from the femoropatellar joint and transplanted to the third carpal bone (C(3)). Nine months later, histologic, histomorphometric, and biochemical comparisons were made between the transplanted grafts in C(3) and tissue adjacent to the recipient site, the opposing radial carpal bone (C(r)), the donor site in the femoropatellar joint, and the sham-operated contralateral C(3). ANIMALS--One mixed-breed pony and 5 Standardbred horses aged 3 to 8 years old. METHODS--Using instruments modified for equine use, four 4.5-mm-diameter osteochondral grafts were harvested arthroscopically from the distal aspect of the lateral trochlea of the right femur and inserted into the radial facet of the right third carpal bone. The fourth graft was kept as a donor-site control sample. Three months later, regular exercise was started and at 6 months, repeat arthroscopy was conducted to evaluate healing. The horses were euthanatized 9 months after transplantation, and comparisons were made between the grafts, opposing radial carpal bone, and contralateral third carpal bone. The assessment criteria included paravital staining, a modified Mankin scoring system, and biochemical analyses for collagen type, total collagen content, and sulfated glycosaminoglycan concentration. RESULTS--All horses were sound 21 days' postoperatively. At 6 months, all 18 grafts were intact but somewhat soft and opaque compared with surrounding carpal cartilage. Nine months' postoperatively, the bony portions of the grafts were well integrated with the recipient sites, but 6 grafts had histologic evidence of cartilage degeneration. From biochemical analysis of grafts, there was little or no new repair tissue invading the experimental sites, but sulfated glycosaminoglycan (proteoglycan) loss from the transplanted cartilage was marked. CONCLUSIONS--Heterotopic transfer of osteochondral grafts from the distal aspect of the lateral femoral trochlea to the third carpal bone is feasible with minor modifications of human mosaic arthroplasty instruments. The bony portion of the osteochondral grafts was quickly remodeled to provide subchondral support to the transplanted articular cartilage. The loss of proteoglycan from the transplanted cartilage indicates that the grafts might have been injured during harvesting or insertion, or, more likely, did not remodel to meet the demands of a new biomechanical environment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE--These findings suggest that arthroscopic resurfacing of focal osteoarticular defects will not be successful in the long term unless donor and recipient sites can be matched with respect to cartilage thickness, biochemical constituents, and physical properties. Mosaic arthroplasty may be indicated in selected cases in which no other options exist to create a confluent cartilage-covered surface.  相似文献   

14.
This study aimed to evaluate the stifle joint of marsh deer using imaging studies and in comparison with gross anatomy. Ten hindlimbs from 5 marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) were used. Radiography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed in each stifle joint. Two hindlimbs were dissected to describe stifle gross anatomy. The other limbs were sectioned in sagittal, dorsal or transverse planes. In the craniocaudal radiographic view, the lateral femoral condyle was broader than the medial femoral condyle. The femoral trochlea was asymmetrical. Subsequent multiplanar reconstruction revealed in the cranial view that the external surface of the patella was roughened, the medial trochlea ridge was larger than the lateral one, and the extensor fossa at the lateral condyle was next to the lateral ridge. The popliteal fossa was better visualized via the lateral view. Sagittal MRI images identified lateral and medial menisci, caudolateral and craniomedial bundles of cranial cruciate ligament, caudal cruciate ligament, patellar ligament and common extensor tendon. In conclusion, the marsh deer stifle presents some anatomical characteristics of the ovine stifle joint.  相似文献   

15.
In five dogs with osteochondritis dissecans in the hock joint the primary lesions were on the medial ridges of the trochlea of the tibial tarsal bones. Clinical and radiographic findings, and surgical techniques are described. Possible aetiological factors, and the results of treatment are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
In healthy adult goats, closure of the esophageal groove was induced by thirst, IV administered vasopressin, and intracarotid administration of hypertonic NaCl solutions. The efficiency of stimulation was tested directly by visual inspection of the course taken by orally administered solutions through a ruminal or abomasal fistula, palpation of the lips of the esophageal groove through a ruminal fistula, and indirectly by following the glucose dynamics in the blood after oral administration of glucose solution. Esophageal groove closure was observed during drinking after a 48-hour period of water deprivation. Intracarotid administration of 1.5 ml of a saturated solution or 10.5 ml of a 1.5% solution of NaCl also stimulated groove closure; however, groove closure stimulated by administration of vasopressin is the most satisfactory procedure for passing compounds of therapeutic importance directly from the cardiac orifice to the abomasum.  相似文献   

17.
Traumatic ruptures of the short parts of the lateral collateral ligament complex of the talocrural joint in the dog, or avulsion fractures of the origins of insertions of these ligaments on the distal fibula or the lateral talar trochlea are reported in six cases. The anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of injuries to these ligaments and related structures are discussed. This type of injury has specific clinical and, or, radiographic features. Minor rotational instability can be detected if the fibulocalcanear or both ligaments are ruptured, while disruption of only the fibulotalar ligament or its insertions cause no apparent instability. Clinical diagnosis of ligamentar ruptures often requires manual examination of the stressed joint under general anaesthesia. Radiographic diagnosis of avulsion fractures requires inclusion of oblique views. Avulsion fractures of the lateral talar trochlea produced relatively large loose fragments situated proximally. Any possible relation between osteochondritis dissecans and the avulsion fractures could not be evaluated. Reconstructive surgical therapy is advocated. Prognosis for return to full function seems fair to good.  相似文献   

18.
Elbow joint incongruity is recognized as an important factor in the development, treatment, and prognosis of canine elbow dysplasia. Elbow incongruity has been measured based on radiographic joint space widths, however these values can be affected by the degree of elbow joint flexion. Recent studies have reported radiographic curvature radii as more precise measures of humeroulnar congruity in dogs. The aim of this prospective observational study was to describe radiographic curvature radii measured from flexed and extended elbow radiographs for a sample of dogs representing a medium breed (Portuguese Pointing Dog) and a large breed (Estrela Mountain Dog). The curvature radii from the ulnar trochlear notch and humeral trochlea were measured in 114 mediolateral elbow extended radiographic views (30 Portuguese Pointing Dog and 27 Estrela Mountain Dog), and 84 mediolateral flexed views (22 Portuguese Pointing Dog and 20 Estrela Mountain Dog). The sampled animals' ages ranged from 12 to 84 months (34.6 ± 17.8 months). Good agreement was observed between curvature radii measurements for flexed vs. extended views in both breed groups. Ulnar trochlear notch curvature radii measurements were greater than humeral trochlea curvature radii measurements in both breed groups. Both curvature radii were greater in the large‐breed dog group vs. the medium‐breed dog group. Both breed groups had ulnar and humeral curves with similar typology. However, the large breed group had greater intermediate differences between the humeroulnar surface curvature radii. Results from this study supported the use of curvature radii as measures of humeroulnar congruity in mediolateral flexed elbow radiographs of medium and large breed dogs.  相似文献   

19.
A comparative clinical and histological study was made of the effects of autogenous cancellous grafts on the rate of healing of homogenous cortical bone grafts in dogs: their right foreleg received homogenous bone grafts and their left foreleg received pre-drilled homogenous bone grafts filled with autogenous cancellous bone. Histologically, the use of homogenous cortical grafts with pre-drilled holes and autogenous cancellous bone appeared to accelerate reorganization and development of these grafts. This was seen particularly 1–2 months post-operatively and at nine months when the graft in the left leg was made up of spongy bone marrow; whereas the right leg graft still contained compact dead bone and the marrow was filled with fibrous tissue.  相似文献   

20.
Effects of exposure to ambient air on articular cartilage of rabbits   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
Effects of exposure to ambient air (20 to 22 C) on articular cartilage from rabbits were evaluated. Bilateral arthrotomies were performed on the stifles of 18 New Zealand White rabbits. The cranial surface of the left distal femur, including the articular cartilage of the trochlea, was exposed to air for 2 hours. The right stifle was opened and closed immediately. Six rabbits were killed at the end of the surgical operation (group 1), 6 after 2 weeks (group 2), and 6 after 4 weeks (group 3), and femurs were harvested. A distinct color change was seen in the exposed cartilage in group 1; however, minimal change was detected in group 2, and no change was seen in group 3. Proteoglycan content did not differ between the exposed and control cartilage in any group. The number of viable cells and empty lacunae in articular cartilage did not differ between the exposed and control femurs. Total cell counts and degenerative cell counts were similar, comparing the left and right trochlea in groups 1 and 3. A significant increase in cellularity was noticed in the radial zone of the exposed cartilage in group 2 (P less than 0.01). In the same group, a significantly increased number of degenerative cells were seen in the tangential zone of the exposed cartilage (P less than 0.05). Changes in cellularity were consistent with cartilage damage. Seemingly, exposing articular cartilage to air for 2 hours causes reversible cartilage damage.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号