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1.
灌溉水质对土壤水力性质和物理性质的影响 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：19
本文研究了灌溉水质对田间原状土壤非饱和导率水率的影响及其机理,研究结果表明,灌溉水质对土壤导水率有显著影响,随灌溉水矿化度增加,土壤导水率变大,而灌溉水钠吸附比（ＳＡＲ）则有相反的作用,ＳＡＲ愈高,土壤导水率愈低,本文还研究了灌溉水非常低的矿化度对土壤导水率产生的不可逆效应以及表土和度土导水率的差异,同时还研究了灌溉水质对土壤物理性质的影响。 相似文献
2.
咸淡水交替灌溉下土壤盐分再分布规律的室内实验研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
咸水灌溉是解决目前淡水资源短缺的重要途径。为寻求合理的咸水农田灌溉方法,进行了不同矿化度和不同灌水模式的室内土柱咸淡水交替灌溉模拟试验,分析了咸淡水交替灌溉条件下土壤溶液电导率(EC)值和钠吸附比(SAR)的变化规律。结果表明：两种灌水模式下,灌水结束时土壤溶液EC值在22.5 cm处达到最高,且4 g/L>2 g/L,且与试验初期相比,土壤溶液EC值明显提高,土柱整体积盐明显。灌水模式对土壤溶液EC值的影响大于矿化度;两种灌水模式不同矿化度处理的SAR值变化规律基本一致。 相似文献
3.
小碎石与细土混合介质的导水特性 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
含碎石土壤的导水性质研究有利于这种多孔介质水分运动的模拟。本文采用室内定水头法和离心机法分别测定两种质地土壤(壤土、黏壤土)和三种岩性小粒径(2~10 mm)碎石构成的土石混合介质的饱和导水率和水分特征曲线,采用van Genuchten-Mualem模型计算各土石介质的非饱和导水率,分析碎石对土壤导水能力的影响。试验结果显示,风化程度低的碎石对黏壤土具有明显的增大饱和导水率的作用,且碎石含量愈高,增加的效果愈明显;而风化程度高的碎石对土壤结构无明显的改善作用,且对黏壤土具有减小饱和导水率的作用。风化程度低碎石介质的非饱和导水率随土壤水吸力的增加呈现了先大于土壤和土石介质的后迅速减小到低于土壤和土石介质的变化过程。风化程度低的河卵石和风化程度高的粉泥页岩碎屑分别构成的土石介质的非饱和导水率较土壤的低,而风化程度中等的片麻状花岗岩碎块构成的土石介质的非饱和导水率较土壤的高。近饱和状态下,碎石含量高的土石介质的非饱和导水率也相应的高,而较大的土壤水吸力下,土石介质的非饱和导水率呈现随碎石含量的增大而减小变化趋势。试验结论可为含碎石土壤水分平衡研究提供参考。 相似文献
4.
电导率（Electrical Conductivity,EC）和结构稳定性阳离子比（Cation Ratio of Soil Structural Stability,CROSS）是评估微咸水对土壤渗透性能影响的重要指标。虽然CROSS全面地考虑了Na+、K+、Ca2+和Mg2+对土壤结构稳定性的复杂影响,但CROSS的离子浓度系数在不同地区的适用性存在差异,有必要根据当地的水质条件确定基于EC和CROSS评估方法的分类标准。该研究旨在分析CROSS替代钠吸附比（Sodium Adsorption Ratio,SAR）评估水质危害的合理性以及其在河套灌区的适用性。在河套灌区不同区域采集73份地下水水样,并采用EC和SAR、EC和CROSS对其进行评估。结果表明,基于2种方法的地下水分类结果中,仅有34.25%的水样分类结果相同,并且不同的CROSS计算方法（基于阳离子相对絮凝能力（Flocculation）的CROSSf、相对分散能力（Dispersion）的CROSSd和优化的（Optimal）CROSSopt）在河套灌区的适用性也不相同。建议采用CROSSd或CROSSopt,并结合土壤盐分和离子浓度评估河套灌区地下水水质。该评估方法更全面地考虑了地下水和土壤中的离子组成对土壤渗透性能的影响,有效避免了不合理的微咸水利用导致的土壤结构恶化等问题,可为微咸水的安全可持续利用提供理论支撑。 相似文献
5.
低盐再生水灌溉对亚热带红壤水力特性及微观结构的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
低盐再生水是一种回用潜力巨大的替代性水源,为探究其灌溉亚热带红壤的适宜性,该研究以校园生活污水为再生水水源,设置再生水单一灌溉（WW）、再生水与蒸馏水交替灌溉（AWW）两种灌水模式,并以蒸馏水单一灌溉（CK）为对照。通过室外模拟土柱试验,研究了低盐再生水不同灌溉模式下红壤的盐碱度、微观结构及水力特性,并探讨了三者之间的相互作用关系。结果表明：1）低盐再生水灌溉降低了红壤的持水能力和导水能力;2）与CK处理相比,低盐再生水灌溉导致红壤田间持水率和凋萎系数降低,有效水在WW处理下增加6.33%,在AWW处理下减小27.85%;3） 两种低盐再生水灌溉模式下土壤大孔隙均增加,而有效孔隙、微小孔隙在WW处理下分别增加1.3%、5.0%,在AWW处理下分别减小4.3%、1.1%;4）与CK处理相比,低盐再生水灌溉使红壤电导率（Electrical Conductivity,EC）和Na+含量显著提高,而交换性阳离子总量（Cation Exchange Capacity,CEC）显著降低（P<0.05）。再生水两种灌溉模式中,AWW处理下土壤交换性钠百分比（Exchangeable Sodium Percentage,ESP）和钠吸附比（Sodium Adsorption Ratio,SAR）分别显著高于WW处理142.4%、120.3%（P<0.05）,从而引起更强烈的土壤黏粒分散;5）田间持水率、凋萎系数、有效水及有效孔隙和微小孔隙比例均与交换性Na+、ESP、SAR呈显著负相关,与CEC呈显著正相关。综上,低盐再生水灌溉亚热带红壤宜选择单一灌溉模式,且应定期监测土壤SAR和ESP等指标。研究结果可为再生水水质标准和灌溉制度制定提供参考。 相似文献
6.
华北地区微咸水应用对土壤水力传导性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
由于淡水资源短缺,中国华北地区微咸地下水灌溉面积逐年增多。该文通过室内土柱淋洗试验,研究了灌溉水盐分浓度和钠吸附比(SAR)对华北地区非碱土(可交换钠百分比ESP0)和碱土(ESP30)饱和水力传导性能的影响。灌溉水盐浓度分别为2.5、10和25mmolc/L,SAR分别为0、10和30(mmolc/L)0.5。去离子(盐浓度0)作为对照处理。试验包括2个土壤碱度、9个灌溉水质组合和1个去离子水处理,共20个试验处理。试验结果显示,非碱土和碱土对微咸水应用的反应机理以及反应程度不同。当黏粒弥散程度较弱时,上部土壤的饱和水力传导度显著大于下层土壤;反之,则各层土壤的水力传导度均较小。在试验水质条件下,非碱土的平均饱和水力传导度的变化范围为0.75～13.25cm/h,而碱土的变化范围为0.06～6.50cm/h。碱土的稳定饱和水力传导度随着灌溉水盐浓度的增加或/和SAR的减小而增大,但在非碱土中稳定饱和水力传导度的变化规律与此基本相反。试验结果对合理应用微咸水灌溉非碱土和碱土具有指导意义。 相似文献
7.
咸水冻融灌溉对重度盐渍土壤水盐分布的影响 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
室内咸水冰融化试验设置2个处理:7.5 g L-1咸水冰(SIW(7.5))、15 g L-1咸水冰(SIW(15)),探究了咸水冰融化过程中的水量、水质以及离子组成的变化;土柱模拟试验设置同一灌水量(150mm),4个处理:淡水直接灌溉(FW)、7.5 g L-1咸水直接灌溉(SW)、7.5 g L-1咸水冻融灌溉(SIW(7.5))、15 g L-1咸水冻融灌溉(SIW(15)),对比分析两种灌溉水质(淡水、咸水)和两种灌水方式(直接灌溉、结冰灌溉)对土壤(粉砂壤土)水盐动态的影响。结果表明:咸水冰融化过程中,初期融出水量较大,但含盐量和钠吸附比(SAR)较高,后期融出水量较小,含盐量和SAR很低;融出水的离子含量变化与电导率(EC)变化表现相同的趋势;小于3 g L-1的水的融出率分别是SIW(7.5)=25.46%和SIW(15)=32.78%。FW处理下,土壤中水盐运动持续时间较其他3个处理长,土壤导水率降低最快,灌溉水入渗完成时表层土壤含水量达到33.88%,显著高于其他处理。四种处理下,0~15 cm土层土壤的含盐量平均值分别为FW=2.32 g kg-1、SIW(7.5)=2.80 g kg-1、SIW(15)=3.87 g kg-1、SW=4.31 g kg-1。同等灌水量下,SIW(15)处理下土壤脱盐深度最浅。离子分析表明:FW和SIW(7.5)处理下,0~25 cm土壤的钠吸附比(SAR)下降明显,显著小于SW、SIW(15);然而FW处理下,土壤碱化特征最为明显。综合而言,在淡水资源缺乏而咸水资源相对丰富的地区,中度矿化度咸水结冰融水灌溉可以有效降低根层土壤盐分,满足农业生产的要求。 相似文献
8.
采用田间大区试验,连续3年在河套重盐碱区开展了冬季咸水结冰灌溉试验研究,设置冬季咸水结冰灌溉(FSWI)和无灌溉对照(CK)两个处理,其中FSWI处理的灌水量为180 mm,矿化度为6.79～7.97 g·L~(–1),种植作物为青贮玉米,以分析不同处理下土壤水盐和钠吸附比(SAR)的周年动态以及对作物生长的影响,探究冬季咸水结冰灌溉对河套重盐碱地的改良效果。结果表明:与CK相比,FSWI处理显著改变了春季土壤水盐和SAR动态。0～20 cm土层,春季FSWI处理的土壤含水量显著高于CK处理,玉米苗期, FSWI处理的土壤含水量平均为24.3%,显著高于CK的21.6%; FSWI处理的春季土壤含盐量和SAR显著低于CK处理,其中, FSWI处理的土壤含盐量由灌溉前的33.86 g·kg~(–1)降低至玉米苗期的5 g·kg~(–1)以下,而CK处理土壤含盐量逐渐升高至玉米苗期的34.2 g·kg~(–1); FSWI处理土壤SAR由灌溉前的21.9降低至玉米苗期的9.86, CK土壤SAR则逐渐升高至玉米苗期的25.00。后续地膜覆盖和夏季降雨使FSWI处理的土壤含水量维持在23.0%以上,土壤含盐量保持在5 g·kg~(–1)以下,土壤SAR保持在9左右。20～40 cm土层与0～20 cm土层的土壤水盐和SAR变化趋势与表层一致,但没有表层变化剧烈。此外,随着灌溉年限的延长,同时期土壤含盐量和SAR呈逐年降低的趋势。FSWI处理玉米出苗率在70%以上,干物质产量为9～12t·hm~(–2),而CK处理由于土壤含水量较低(21.0%),并且土壤含盐量和SAR均较高,造成玉米出苗率极低,进而导致绝收。因此冬季咸水结冰灌溉改变了土壤水盐动态过程,变春季积盐为脱盐,显著降低了土壤SAR,并补充了土壤水分,保证了饲用玉米的正常种植和生长,这为该地区盐碱地改良和饲料作物种植提供了技术支持。 相似文献
9.
灌溉方式对土壤水分运动参数的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过实测和拟合的方法研究了不同灌溉方式对土壤饱和导水率及非饱和土壤水分运动参数的影响。结果表明:膜下滴灌明显改善了土壤导水性能,0-10 cm各土层土壤饱和导水率明显高于地面漫灌,并且两种灌溉方式下土壤饱和导水率都高于裸盐地;不同灌溉方式下,相同含水率所对应的非饱和导水率及非饱和扩散率均不同,0-100 cm各土层都表现为膜下滴灌>地面漫灌>裸盐地。膜下滴灌对土壤水分运动参数的影响,并不是由土壤质地、容重、温度、盐分等因素作用而引起,可能是由于膜下滴灌改变了土壤的团粒结构或土壤中盐分的离子组成而造成的。 相似文献
10.
新疆土壤盐碱化问题严重影响农田水盐运移和作物产量。为探究钠吸附比（Sodium Adsorption Ratio,SAR）和盐分浓度对当地典型砂壤土物理性质的影响,该研究测定了4个SAR水平（40,30,20,15,10,5(mmol/L)1/2）和8个盐分浓度水平（200,150,100,50,20,10,5,2mmol/L）下土壤团聚体快速湿润过程中的团聚体水稳性;并测定了4个SAR水平（40,30,20,5 (mmol/L)1/2）和3个盐分浓度水平（200,100,20 mmol/L）溶液处理后的土壤水分特征曲线（Soil Water Characteristic Curve,SWCC）,量化了土壤脱水过程中土体压缩量与溶液SAR和盐分浓度的关系。结果表明：1）土壤团聚体水稳性与SAR和盐分浓度均呈显著负相关关系,SAR高于30 (mmol/L)1/2时,土壤团聚体水稳性才会显著下降;2)SAR对新疆典型砂壤土的SWCC有影响,且这种影响与盐分浓度有关;3）盐分浓度和SAR对土壤压缩量的影响存在交互作用。研究结果可为合理选用不同盐分组成和浓度微咸水灌溉以最大程度保护农田土壤结构... 相似文献
11.
Lysimeter experiments were conducted with sandy‐clay‐loam soil to study the efficiency of two amendments in reclaiming saline‐sodic soil using moderately saline and SAR (sodium‐adsorption ratio) irrigation water. Gypsum obtained from industrial phosphate by‐products and reagent grade Ca chloride were applied to packed soil columns and irrigated with moderately saline (ECe = 2.16 dS m–1), moderate‐SAR water (SAR = 4.8). Gypsum was mixed with soil prior to irrigation at application rates of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 32 Mg ha–1, and Ca chloride was dissolved directly in leaching water at application rates of 4.25, 8.5, 12.75, 17.0, and 21.25 Mg ha–1, respectively. The highest application rate in both amendments resulted in 96% reduction of total Na in soil. The hydraulic conductivity (HC) of soils receiving gypsum increased in all treatments. The highest HC value of 6.8 mm h–1 was obtained in the highest application rate (32 Mg ha–1), whereas the lowest value of 5.2 mm h–1 was observed with the control treatment. Both amendments were efficient in reducing soil salinity and sodicity (exchangeable‐sodium percentage, ESP); however, Ca chloride was more effective than gypsum as a reclaiming material. Exchangeable Na and soluble salts were reduced with gypsum application by 82% and 96%, and by 86% and 93% with Ca chloride application, respectively. Exchangeable Ca increased with increasing amendment rate. Results of this study revealed that sodium was removed during cation‐exchange reactions mostly when the SAR of effluent water was at maximum with subsequent passage of 3 to 4 pore volumes. Gypsum efficiently reduced soil ESP, soil EC, leaching water, and costs, therefore, an application rate of 20 Mg ha–1 of gypsum with 3 to 4 pore volumes of leaching water is recommended for reclaiming the studied soil. 相似文献
12.
Ghulam Murtaza Irshad Bibi Umad Zafar Kahlon 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(18):2135-2147
A pot experiment was conducted on saline-sodic soil following sorghum-oat and rice-wheat crop rotations and amending with gypsum (G), farm manure (FM), and mulch (M). Water of different qualities viz. electrical conductivity (EC) 0.6 + sodium adsorption ration (SAR) 6, EC 1.0 + SAR 12 and EC 2.0 + SAR 18 was used for irrigation. The results showed that one pore volume (PV) of brackish water with higher EC and SAR ratio may be used beneficially, if proper amendments are applied. For rice and oat crops, the order of effective amendments was G>FM>M>control (C). With sorghum and wheat, the order was FM>G > M > C. Salt removal from soils was the lowest when leaching fraction (LF) was 0.20 and was the highest when LF was 0.32, i.e. a direct positive relationship. This proposes that irrigation water and the salt accumulated in the profile should be measured after short intervals to avoid reoccurrence of salinity. 相似文献
13.
Changes of hydraulic conductivity (HC) at electrolyte solutions having different combinations of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR)1 and electrolyte concentration (EC), were monitored in soil columns packed with samples from Rhodustalf, Chromustert, Andic Eutropept and Oxic Rhodustult, four subtropical soils varying in clay type and content, and iron oxides. In general, it was observed that the HC dropped with the decrease of EC and with the increase in SAR of solutions, or, with the increase in exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of the soil. In montmorillonitic soils the reduction of HC had been most pronounced, while the kaolinite-rich soils showed only an insignificant drop in HC even at the highest SAR coupled with the lowest EC. The improvement or revival of HC from its final drop was examined upon leaching the soil columns finally with the initial high concentration solution. Montmorillonitic soils showed moderate to high revival of HC, while for montmorillonite-illite-kaolinite mixed clayey soils and kaolinitic soils the improvement of HC was low and practically nil respectively. The percentage revival of HC from its final drop was employed as a criterion to assess the major cause of HC reduction and it was found that irrespective of clay mineralogy “dispersion and subsequent pore plugging” played a major role in reducing the HC of soils, though in montmorillonitic soils swelling had been found to be an almost equivalent additional cause of HC drop. Simple correlations (r) between the saturated HC at varying SAR & EC and different physico-chemical and mineralogical properties have been calculated and its role and implications have been discussed. 相似文献
14.
Effect of soil organic matter, electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio on tensile strength of aggregates 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The properties of soils affected by salinity and processes involving degradation of soil structure have been partly recognized. However, the effects of saline and sodic conditions on mechanical and physical properties of soils have been studied to a lesser extent. In this research, the effects of electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) on soils possessing various amounts of organic matter were assessed under laboratory conditions. The soils contained a uniform clay type, predominantly Illite. The major difference of the soils was their amount of organic matter content. The treatments consisted of solutions with definite EC and SAR (two levels of EC: 0.5 and 4 dS/m and three levels of SAR: 0, 5 and 15). The amount of tensile strength was dependent on organic matter, EC, and SAR in a way that with the increase of SAR, the tensile strength decreased. In similar SAR, treatments with higher EC exhibited greater tensile strength. Also, the soils with higher organic matter showed greater tensile strength. The analysis of variance showed the significant difference (at 1%) between the mean of parameters analyzed (soil type, sampling depth, EC, and SAR). The order of averages of tensile strength were: permanent pasture (Agropyron elengatum)Festuca arusdinaceae)相似文献
15.
《Geoderma》2006,130(1-2):1-13
Dilution of high-sodicity soil water by low-sodicity rainfall or irrigation water can cause declining soil hydraulic conductivity (K) by inducing swelling, aggregate slaking and clay particle dispersion. Investigations of sodicity-induced reduction in K are generally restricted to repacked laboratory cores of air-dried and sieved soil that are saturated and equilibrated with sodic solution before tests are conducted. This approach may not yield a complete picture of sodicity effects in the field, however, because of loss of antecedent soil structure, small sample size, detachment of the sample from the soil profile, reliance on chemical equilibrium, and differing time scales between laboratory and field processes. The objectives of this study were to: (i) compare the electrical conductivity (EC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) in laboratory cores of intact field soil that had, or had not, undergone prior saturation and equilibration with sodic solution; (ii) compare the pressure infiltrometer (PI) field method with the intact laboratory soil core (SC) method for assessing sodicity effects on saturated soil hydraulic conductivity; and (iii) characterize hydraulic conductivity reduction in a salt-affected sandy loam soil and a salt-affected clay soil in Sicily as a result of diluting high-sodicity soil water with low-sodicity water.In terms of EC, ESP and SAR, quasi-equilibrium between soil and infiltrating solution was attainable in 0.08 m diameter by 0.05 m long laboratory cores of intact clay soil, regardless of whether or not the cores were previously saturated and equilibrated with solutions of SAR=0 or 30. In the sandy loam soil, the PI and SC methods produced statistically equivalent linear reductions in K as a result of diluting increasingly sodic soil water (SAR=0, 10, 20, 30) with deionised water. In the clay soil, the PI method produced no significant correlation between initial soil water SAR and K reduction, while the SC method produced a significant log-linear decline in K with increasing soil water SAR. Sodicity-induced reductions in K ranged from 3–8% (initial soil water SAR=0) to 85–94% (initial soil water SAR=30) in the sandy loam, and from 9–13% (initial soil water SAR=0) to 42–98% (initial soil water SAR=30) in the clay. The reductions in K were caused by aggregate slaking and partial blocking of soil pores by dispersed clay particles, as evidenced by the appearance of suspended clay in the SC effluent during infiltration of deionised water. As a result, maintenance of K in these two salt-affected soils will likely require procedures to prevent or control the build-up of sodicity. 相似文献
16.
S. K. Biswas M. A. Mojid G. C. L. Wyseure 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(1):1-10
Irrigation with wastewater provides the opportunity to solve the problems of its disposal, reuse and water conservation. Freshwater, differentially diluted wastewater and undiluted wastewater (hereafter called wastewater) were used to grow wheat in sandy loam soil under fertilized and unfertilized conditions at the experimental farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh. Fresh groundwater and wastewater of Mymensingh municipality were used to irrigate a wheat field for three consecutive years to examine the effects of wastewater application on soil properties. In this study, the properties of wastewater-irrigated soil were compared with freshwater-irrigated soil. The application of wastewater reduced the bulk density of the surface soil by 1.92% and augmented the porosity by 5.89%. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and water retention capacity of the soil were improved under wastewater irrigation. Soil pH increased due to wastewater application but decreased, to a smaller extent, due to fertilizer application. Soil electrical conductivity (EC) increased both with wastewater and with fertilizer application; both parameters changed significantly in the 0–20 cm soil layer. However, at the deeper layers, they were not affected by wastewater application. The organic carbon (C) and total nitrogen (N) level of the soils were higher under wastewater irrigation than under freshwater-irrigated soil. The organic C increased by 23.93% under wastewater irrigation in the top 20 cm soil layer. The N content of the soil showed similarities with the organic C contents. Available P and S concentrations were greater in the soil irrigated with wastewater compared with the soil irrigated with freshwater. The exchangeable cations – sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) – also increased significantly with wastewater application. Thus, farmers are advised for irrigation with municipal wastewater to ease pressure on freshwater and to improve soil fertility. 相似文献
17.
再生水灌溉模式对潮土结构性质及导水性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为揭示再生水不同灌溉模式下土壤结构性质及导水性能的差异。通过室内模拟土柱入渗试验,以清水灌溉为对照(CK),研究了再生水持续灌溉(RW)、再生水—清水混合灌溉(RW-2)及再生水—清水交替灌溉(ARW)3种灌溉模式对土壤容重、总孔隙度、团聚体稳定性、入渗率及饱和导水率的影响。结果表明:相比CK,各处理容重呈降低趋势,总孔隙度增加,但差异均不显著;再生水灌溉促进潮土>1mm粒级团聚体向<1mm粒级团聚体转化,相比CK,各处理<1mm粒级团聚体含量分别增长11.51%~31.22%;潮土团聚体水稳定性降低;各处理>0.25mm粒级团聚体含量分别降低2.92%~9.75%,平均质量直径分别降低11.30%~38.38%,几何平均直径分别降低3.93%~12.78%,其中RW最为显著;相关性分析表明,>1mm粒级水稳性团聚体含量对潮土结构稳定性贡献最大;再生水3种灌溉模式下潮土入渗率分别显著增长80.00%~260.00%;ARW处理潮土有效导水率上升22.68%,而RW和RW-2处理土壤有效导水率分别下降14.47%和42.36%。保持潮土结构性质方面以RW-2处理最好,改善潮土导水能力方面则以ARW处理最为显著。 相似文献
18.
再生水灌溉对土壤理化性质影响的试验研究 总被引：29，自引：2，他引：29
通过室内土柱模拟试验的方法，研究了再生水灌溉对土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明：再生水灌溉对土壤扩散率和饱和导水率的影响与连续灌溉再生水的次数有关，短时间灌溉有降低的作用，但随着灌溉次数的增加，土壤扩散率和饱和导水率有增加的趋势；同时，随着灌溉次数的增加，土壤pH值降低，土壤有机质和全盐量增加；土壤溶液中各离子浓度有显著变化。灌溉5次之后，除0～10cm土层全盐量为0．107％外，其他各层均低于0．1％的限度；0～10，10～20，30～40cm土层的ESP均在5％～10％范围之内，20～30cm土层的ESP基本保持在原始的水平。再生水灌溉对土壤次生盐渍化的影响不显著。 相似文献
19.
Saline water and municipal solid waste compost application on tomato crop: Effects on plant and soil
Rita Leogrande Ornella Lopedota Carolina Vitti Francesco Montemurro 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(4):491-501
A field experiment was conducted in Southern Italy to evaluate the effects of different water quality and fertilizers on yield performance of tomato crop. In mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer and irrigation with fresh water (Electrical Conductivity, EC, = 0.9 dS m?1) (FWF); mineral N fertilizer and irrigation with saline water (EC = 6.0 dS m?1) (SWF); municipal solid waste (MSW) compost and irrigation with fresh water (EC = 0.9 dS m?1) (FWC); MSW compost and irrigation with saline water (EC = 6.0 dS m?1) (SWC). At harvest, weight and number of fruits and refractometric index (°Brix) were measured, total and marketable yield and dry matter of fruit were calculated. The results indicated that MSW compost, applied as amendment, could substitute the mineral fertilizer. In fact, in the treatments based on compost application, the tomato average marketable yield increased by 9% compared with treatments with mineral fertilizer. The marketable yield in the SWF and SWC treatments (with an average soil EC in two years to about 3.5 dS m?1) decreased respectively of 20 and 10%, in respect to fresh water treatments. At the end of the experiment, application of compost significantly decreased the sodium absorption rate (SAR) of SWC treatment in respect of SWF (?29.9%). Significant differences were observed among the four treatments both on soil solution cations either exchangeable cations. In particular compost application increased the calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) contents in saturated soil paste respect to the SWF ones (31.4% and 59.5%, respectively). At the same time saturated soil paste sodium (Na) in SWC treatment recorded a decrease of 17.4% compared to SWF. 相似文献
20.
Soil water evaporation, redistribution of surface applied salts and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity were determined in field plots of a silt loam soil kept either untilled or tilled to a depth of 5 cm 2–3 days following irrigation. The hydraulic gradients measured were comparatively steeper and the zone of zero flux during drying occurred at greater depths in untilled than tilled soil. Tillage induced soil mulch reduced evaporation losses; its effectiveness, however, decreased during high external evaporative demand conditions. Some empirical relations to determine evaporation utilizing more easily accesible parameters, such as surface soil water content or suction and U.S. open-pan evaporation, were established for predictive purposes. Due to reduction in upward movement of water, shallow tillage resulted in decrease in upward movement of salts and thus, increased the efficiency of leaching during intermittent ponding. The empirical relationship describing the leaching process showed a net saving of 12.7% in water required to attain 70% removal of surface accumulated salts. Increase in unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of soil due to salinization was also observed. 相似文献