共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Els Bobelyn Anca-Sabina Serban Mihai Nicu Jeroen Lammertyn Bart M. Nicolai Wouter Saeys 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2010,55(3):133-143
The effect of cultivar, season, shelf-life and origin on the accuracy of near infrared (NIR) calibration models for the soluble solids content (SSC) and firmness of apple was studied based on a large spectral data set based on approximately 6000 apple fruit from different cultivars, origins, shelf-life exposure time and seasons. To interpret the variance in the spectra with respect to biological variability, functional analysis of variance (FANOVA) was used. From the FANOVA analysis it was concluded that the effects of cultivar, origin and shelf-life exposure time on the NIR spectra were all significant. The largest differences in the spectra were found around the water absorption peaks (970, 1170 and 1450 nm). External validations using independent data sets showed that the accuracy of the models increased considerably when more variability was included in the calibration data set. In general the RMSEP for predictions of the SSC were in the range 0.6–0.8 °Brix, while for Magness Taylor firmness it was 5.9–8.8 N, depending on the cultivar. It was shown that atypical data can lead to large validation errors. It is, therefore, important to collect a calibration data set which is sufficiently representative for future samples to be analyzed with the developed calibration models and to develop simple procedures for model adaptation during practical use. 相似文献
2.
A soluble solids content (SSC) of 6.2% has been used as a minimum harvest index for ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit for about 30 years. This paper describes a study that examines the pattern of soluble solids accumulation in ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit beyond the simple timing at which fruit reach 6.2% and investigates the relationship between soluble solids accumulation and postharvest performance assessed as softening and expression of chilling injury. This has been done using fruit from 10 orchards harvested at a range of SSC from 5 to 10% during one season. Soluble solids accumulation showed a general trend for a change from slow to more rapid accumulation during the season that could be described by a single logistic curve. The point at which the rate of soluble solids accumulation increased was more or less distinct for fruit from different orchards and occurred when fruit were at SSC between 6.3 and 7.4%. It is also possible that there is not a consistent change in soluble solids accumulation rate, with the rate being dependent on the environmental conditions over several days before measurement. There was a major change in softening pattern and low temperature breakdown susceptibility between fruit harvested at 6.4 and at 8.0% SSC. This change coincided with a change to faster soluble solids accumulation at harvest. It is concluded that the pattern, or rate, of soluble solids accumulation is likely to be a more robust indicator of the physiological state of the fruit, and therefore postharvest performance, than a single SSC value. 相似文献
3.
D. Balasundaram T.F. Burks D.M. Bulanon T. Schubert W.S. Lee 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2009,51(2):220-226
The presence of one fruit infected with citrus canker in a shipment may render the whole shipment unmarketable. Therefore it is important to classify fruit infected with citrus canker in the packinghouse before shipping the produce. The purpose of this research was to determine the significant wavelengths that could be used to classify canker among other peel conditions using grapefruit, a variety susceptible to canker. A spectrophotometer, with a wavelength range of 200–2500 nm, was used to measure the spectral reflectance data of peels from market quality fruit and fruits that were infected with cake melanose, wind scar, copper burn, greasy spot and canker. Statistical data analysis was performed on the spectral reflectance data to identify the wavelengths that had maximum discriminatory potential among the different peel conditions and to derive a discriminant function from the identified wavelengths. The discriminatory wavelengths were identified in the visible and the visible near infrared range. In addition, the classification based on the derived discriminant function resulted in 100% classification of canker. These results provide fundamental and practical use in the development of an automatic fruit sorter for canker classification based on spectral reflectance. Future research would involve the development of a vision-based classification system using the significant wavelengths identified in this study. 相似文献
4.
Apples can be stored for long time under controlled temperature and atmosphere conditions, and therefore, non-destructive and rapid tools are required to assess fruit quality and to monitor changes during the postharvest period. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of NIR spectroscopy to optimize postharvest apple management and to follow changes in fruit quality during storage. An FT-NIR system operating in diffuse reflectance in the range 12,500–3600 cm−1 was used to evaluate the physico-chemical (dry matter, soluble solids, colour and firmness) and some nutraceutical characteristics (total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity) of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples, which were stored for about six months at 1 °C in controlled atmosphere, over two subsequent years. Spectral data were elaborated by PLS regression and LDA classification techniques. Good correlation models between spectral data and chemical and physical parameters were obtained for soluble solids, a* colour coordinate and firmness (0.81 < R2 < 0.90 in calibration and 0.79 < R2 < 0.89 in cross validation). Even higher correlation values (0.89 < R2 < 0.95 in calibration and 0.86 < R2 < 0.92 in cross validation) were obtained for indexes correlated to the antioxidant capacity of apples. The classification technique Linear Discriminant Analysis was applied to spectral data, in order to discriminate apples on the basis of storage time. Average correct classification was higher than 93% in validation and close to 100% in calibration, indicating high potential of NIR spectroscopy for the estimation of storage time of apple lots. 相似文献
5.
Postharvest performance of fruit is dependent on the maturity or physiological state of the fruit at harvest in conjunction with the postharvest management applied. For yellow-fleshed kiwifruit, the flesh colour is a significant quality attribute, and for ‘Hort16A’, flesh colour has been used for timing harvest. Variability in the postharvest performance of ‘Hort16A’ kiwifruit suggests that flesh colour alone is not as strongly indicative of postharvest performance as soluble solids content (SSC) was found to be for ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit 30 years ago. The postharvest performance of ‘Hort16A’ kiwifruit, assessed as the fruit firmness and chilling injury expression during storage, has been associated with a range of fruit characteristics: flesh colour, SSC, firmness, seed colour, fresh weight, dry matter, starch and soluble carbohydrates measured at harvest throughout maturation. The changing responses of the fruit SSC to temperature, and softening to ethylene, have also been determined. The data illustrate the complex nature of ‘Hort16A’ fruit maturation, even when looking only at simple, easy-to-measure fruit attributes. While a yellow flesh colour is a commercial necessity for ‘Hort16A’ kiwifruit, flesh colour is not a robust indicator of postharvest performance and is not tightly linked to SSC or firmness. Changes in the capacity of fruit to respond to temperature or ethylene are not reflected in on-vine changes. Softening in storage is strongly linked to the softening rate occurring on the vine at the time of harvest. Any association between at-harvest characteristics and chilling susceptibility is less clear, and chilling tolerance appears more associated with the completion of growth and carbohydrate accumulation than with increased soluble solids accumulation rates as in ‘Hayward’. Approaches to extend the understanding of the link between maturation, harvest indices and postharvest performance are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Visible (Vis)/near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is an excellent technique for non-destructive fruit quality assessment. This research was focused on evaluating the use of Vis/NIR spectroscopy for measuring soluble solids content (SSC) of intact ‘Cuiguan’ pears (Pomaceae pyrifolia Nakai cv. Cuiguan) on-line. Also, the effect of fruit moving speed on SSC measurements was investigated. Diffuse transmission spectra were collected using a fiber spectrometer equipped with a 3648-element linear silicon CCD array detector in the wavelength range of 345–1040 nm, and all sample spectra were collected three times at different fruit moving speeds of 0.3 m s?1, 0.5 m s?1 and 0.7 m s?1. Spectral pre-processing such as derivative, standard normal variate transformation (SNV) and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) was used before calibration. Partial least squares (PLS) and least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) were used to develop calibration models for SSC. The results show that fruit moving speed has few effects on spectra and model performance at a fruit moving speed of 0.3–0.7 m s?1. At 0.5 m s?1, the best model for SSC was PLS regression coupled with original spectra, its coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) being 0.916% and 0.530%, respectively. 相似文献
7.
以‘磨盘柿’为试材,研究90%浓度的CO2气体处理10~12 h对‘磨盘柿’货架期间柿果果胶、硬度、可溶性固形物、Vc、可溶性单宁、可溶性滴定酸等指标变化的影响。结果表明,CO2处理可促进‘磨盘柿’果实货架期间果胶含量、硬度、Vc含量、单宁含量的降低,可溶性固形物、可滴定酸保持稳定;CO2处理后的‘磨盘柿’果实在21天的常温货架下能保持硬脆而且完成脱涩。 相似文献
8.
基于灰色关联分析的‘荸荠’杨梅成熟度影响因素分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了探讨不同气象因子对‘荸荠’杨梅成熟度的影响,为特色杨梅生产和品质分析提供可靠依据,利用灰色关联度分析法,分别以‘荸荠’杨梅单果重（外观指标）、可溶性固形物（风味指标）、可食率（质地指标）为参考数列,以‘荸荠’杨梅果实成熟期内的平均温度、平均最高气温、平均最低气温、降水量、相对湿度、日照时数为参比数列,对‘荸荠’杨梅成熟度与气象因子的关联度作相关分析。结果表明：‘荸荠’杨梅单果重与果实成熟期的相对湿度的关联度最大,影响可溶性固形物、可食率的气象因子主要是热量指标;相对湿度除6月中旬外,其余各旬对单果重的影响均较密切,5月中旬平均气温、4月下旬平均最高气温和6月中旬平均最低气温对可溶性固形物影响最大,5月上旬平均气温、平均最高气温和6月中旬最低气温对可食率影响最大。因此,影响‘荸荠’杨梅成熟度的气象因子及其时段效应均存在差异,在具体生产上应采取相应的措施。 相似文献
9.
The propensity for physiological disorders to arise during low temperature storage of kiwifruit is a significant commercial risk. The potential to use fruit characteristics (flesh colour, soluble solids content (SSC), dry matter and firmness) estimated non-destructively at harvest as markers for the susceptibility of ‘Hort16A’ kiwifruit to chilling injury (CI) has been investigated for individual fruit. While the fruit that developed CI during storage were some of the least advanced fruit on each orchard, the flesh colour, SSC, firmness and dry matter of the susceptible fruit differed considerably among orchards, such that there was not a clear minimum or maximum threshold for which fruit did or did not develop CI across all orchards. There was a large ‘orchard factor’ in the susceptibility of fruit to CI that was as important, if not more important, than the flesh colour, SSC, firmness and dry matter values. The ‘orchard factor’ may derive from a combination of environmental conditions and/or orchard management practices, in conjunction with fruit growth and development. Hence it is concluded that a generally applicable at-harvest prediction of ‘Hort16A’ fruit susceptibility to CI is not possible from an at-harvest non-destructive estimation of flesh colour, SSC, firmness and dry matter. 相似文献
10.
设施大棚铺设银色反光膜栽培杨梅试验研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在设施大棚杨梅园铺设银色反光膜,试验研究大棚铺设反光膜对‘临海早大梅’物候期、果实品质及效益的影响。以大树移植3年的11年生‘临海早大梅’为试材,2013年1月11日对其进行大棚覆盖,并于2月13日大棚内铺设银色反光膜,以不盖为对照,观察记载棚内外温湿度、杨梅物候期的变化,测定果实单果质量、可溶性固形物含量和每公顷产量。大棚杨梅园铺设反光膜可显著增加棚内的温度和相对湿度,使杨梅的物候期显著提早,开花期提早16天,果实成熟期提早21天,果实单果质量增加10%,可溶性固形物含量增加2.1个百分点,每公顷产量提高45.6%,净增产值1265610元。‘临海早大梅’设施大棚铺设反光膜栽培,可以显著提早成熟期,显著提高单果质量和可溶性固形物含量。 相似文献
11.
《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2007,43(1):36-46
The effects of fruit position within the canopy on the onset of the respiratory climacteric and the rise in ethylene production as well as changes in peel colour and chemical composition were studied in apples (Malus x domestica Borkh. cv. Aroma) during ripening in normal air at 20 °C for 6–8 weeks over two crop seasons. The commencement of the rise in both CO2 and ethylene production was equal independent of fruit position but the peak of ethylene was behind that of CO2 with a lag of several days. While the climacteric ethylene peak was considerably higher in shaded inside apples, the internal ethylene concentration was at the same level independent of canopy position. During maturation on the tree outside fruit developed a red peel colour while inside fruit remained green. Outside fruit had a higher content of dry matter, soluble solids and soluble sugars but a somewhat lower amount of titratable acidity than inside fruit. High summer temperatures in the second year resulted in a significantly higher content of soluble solids and organic acids independent of fruit position but diminished the soluble solids difference between outside and inside fruit and increased the difference in malic and citric acid concentrations. High summer temperatures also increased the difference in peel colour between outside and inside fruit. Independent of canopy position, the soluble solids concentrations remained unchanged during ripening while the amounts of sucrose as well as malic acid and the titratable acidity decreased with a concomitant rise in the cell sap pH. The higher content of soluble sugars and a somewhat lower amount of titratable acidity in outside red-coloured apples probably contribute to improved fruit quality but the difference seems to be strongly dependent on the growing conditions, especially the sum of heat units. 相似文献
12.
探明低温贮藏期对‘台农1号’芒果(Mangifera indica L．)果实病害、抗氧化水平以及果实品质的影响,以期为采后芒果果实的低温贮藏提供科学的理论依据。以广西百色地区的‘台农1号’芒果为试材,采用10 °低温贮藏果实,分别在贮藏期第0、5、10、15、20、25和30 d时,测定果实中抗氧化能力包括过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、总抗氧化能力、多酚氧化酶、超氧阴离子、过氧化氢、丙二醛、总酚,和果实品质包括可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C,以及果实发病情况等指标。结果表明,贮藏期第15 d,芒果病害开始出现,而且,随贮藏期越长,果实腐烂率越高。贮藏前期(15d以前)果实中过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、总抗氧化能力和总酚等维持了较高的含量;贮藏后期(20 d以后)果实组织中超氧化物歧化酶、总抗氧化能力和总酚含量显著降低,而丙二醛含量明显增加,同时,果实中可溶性固形物开始下降,可滴定酸含量进一步降低。综合以上结果表明,采用10 °低温贮藏‘台农1号’芒果果实,中短期(20d左右)为宜。 相似文献
13.
14.
Visible and near infrared (vis/NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics were investigated to evaluate the effects of simulated transport vibration levels on damage of tomato fruit. A total of 280 tomato samples were randomly divided into 5 groups; each group was subjected to vibration at different acceleration levels. A total of 230 samples (46 from each group) were selected as a calibration set; whereas 50 samples (10 from each group) were selected as a prediction set. Raw spectra, differentiation (the first derivative) spectra, extended multiplicative scatter correction (EMSC) processed spectra and standard normal variant combined with detrending (SNV–DT) processed spectra were used for calibration models. SNV–DT processed spectra had the best performance using for partial least squares (PLS) analysis. The PLS analysis was implemented to calibrate models with different wavelength bands including visible, short-wave near infrared (SWNIR) and long-wave near infrared (LWNIR) regions. The best PLS model was obtained in the vis/NIR (600–1600 nm) region. Using a grid search technique and radial basis function (RBF) kernel, four least squares support vector machine (LS–SVM) models with different latent variables (7, 8, 9, and 10 LVs) were compared. The optimal model was obtained with 9 LVs and the correlation coefficient (r), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and bias for the best prediction by LS–SVM were 0.984, 0.137 and 0.003, respectively. The results showed that vis/NIR spectroscopy could be applied as a reliable and rapid method for predicting the effect of vibration levels on tissue damage of tomato fruit. 相似文献
15.
探讨低温贮藏结合GABA处理对樱桃番茄果实采后品质的影响,为寻找樱桃番茄采后保鲜新技术提供理论依据。本研究以‘粉娇’樱桃番茄为试材,设置清水浸渍+常温(25℃)贮藏、清水浸渍+低温(8℃)贮藏和GABA(500 mg/L)浸渍+低温(8℃)贮藏3个处理,在樱桃番茄16天的贮藏期内,调查果实腐烂率,测定果实呼吸强度、果实硬度、可溶性固形物、维生素C、柠檬酸和类胡萝卜素含量。结果表明,与常温(25℃)贮藏相比,低温及其结合GABA处理均显著降低了樱桃番茄果实贮藏期间的腐烂率,其中在贮藏16天时,防治效果分别达到了45.81%和63.11%,低温结合GABA处理优于单独低温贮藏。同时,低温结合GABA处理显著降低了果实的呼吸强度,延缓了果实硬度的降低,保持了较高的可溶性固形物、维生素C和柠檬酸含量,抑制了番茄红素、β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素的积累。因此,低温结合GABA处理可有效延缓樱桃番茄果实的腐烂和衰老,并能保持果实的采后品质,在樱桃番茄果实保鲜上具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
16.
《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2007,43(2):193-201
Chlorophyll fluorescence is a promising technique for postharvest quality research, and reported studies were mainly based on the fluorescence kinetic analysis method, which has not been quite satisfactory for measuring fruit quality. This paper reports on using a hyperspectral imaging technique for measurement of laser-induced fluorescence from apple fruit for predicting multiple fruit quality parameters. A continuous wave blue laser (408 nm) was used as an excitation source for inducing fluorescence in apples. Fluorescence scattering images were acquired from ‘Golden Delicious’ apples by a hyperspectral imaging system at the instance of laser illumination (0 min) and after 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 min of illumination. The hyperspectral fluorescence image data were represented by mean, maximum, and standard deviation spectra. Standard tests were performed on measuring fruit skin and flesh color, firmness, soluble solids content, and titratable acid. A hybrid method of combining principal component analysis and neural network modeling was used for developing prediction models to predict fruit quality parameters for each of the six illumination time periods. Fluorescence emission decreased steadily during the first 3 min of illumination and was stable within 5 min. The 0-min fluorescence prediction models had somewhat poorer prediction results for individual quality parameters except skin hue than did the models of longer illumination time. The differences were minimal in the model prediction results from the fluorescence data at 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 min of illumination. Overall, excellent predictions were obtained for apple skin hue with the correlation coefficient of prediction of 0.94. Relatively good predictions were obtained for fruit firmness, skin chroma, and flesh hue with values for the correlation coefficient being equal to or greater than 0.74 for 1 min of illumination or longer times, and poorer correlations were found for soluble solids content, titratable acid, and flesh chroma. Hyperspectral laser-induced fluorescence imaging is potentially useful for assessing selected quality parameters of apple fruit and further research is needed to improve fluorescence measurement for better prediction of fruit quality. 相似文献
17.
《Medicinal Plant》2014,(4)
[Objective]Diffuse reflectance spectrum of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS) was investigated for its feasibility to determine the content of stevioside( St) and rebaudioside A( RA) in Stevia rebaudiana leaves. [Methods] The content of St and RA in50 groups of Stevia rebaudiana leaves was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The 50 groups of Stevia rebaudiana leaves were scanned. And PLS was used to compare corrected models established by different spectral pretreatment methods. [Results]Assessing in terms of the correlation coefficients of calibration(rc),the root-mean-square errors of calibration(RMSEC) and prediction(RMSEP),and the residual predictive deviation(RPD). The results of St were 0. 969,3. 42,4. 31 and 3. 85. These of the optimal model for RA were 0. 934,3. 93,4. 33 and 3. 63. The optimal model was obtained by Straight Line Subtraction. [Conclusions]The results indicated that NIRS spectroscopy technique could be used to determine the content of St and RA in Stevia rebaudiana leaves. 相似文献
18.
制冷贮藏温度对锦橙的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以锦橙为材料,研究不同制冷温度对贮藏效果和锦橙品质的影响。结果表明,温度明显影响着锦橙的腐烂率和褐斑病率,温度6～8℃下贮藏150d锦橙的腐烂率和褐斑病率最低,分别为5.40%和5.41%;温度是影响失质量率的重要因素,制冷贮藏的失质量率低于通风贮藏;温度是影响锦橙果实呼吸代谢的重要因素,果实的呼吸强度随温度的降低而明显降低;果实有机酸含量随温度降低而明显提高,总糖含量的变化规律与有机酸基本相同;低温贮藏也可降低VC、可溶性固形物的损耗;贮藏温度过高,病菌性腐烂率高,品质下降快,而温度过低则产生冷害型腐烂,果皮不能正常转色,认为锦橙长期贮藏的适宜温度为6～8℃。 相似文献
19.
研究叶幕整形方式对厂形树形红色酿酒葡萄叶幕和果域微环境、光合特性、果实品质的影响,为提高新疆酿酒葡萄品质提供有效方法。设置篱壁形和V形2个叶幕整形方式,于果实膨大期、转色期、成熟期对叶幕下果域温度、湿度以及2种叶幕形不同位置叶片光合有效辐射强度与光合生理指标进行测定;于果实成熟期对果实外观品质及可溶性固形物与可滴定酸,果皮和种子中的黄酮、多酚、原花青素、单宁等含量进行测定。试验结果表明,与篱壁形叶幕相比,V形叶幕改善叶幕整体光照情况较好,可提高日差值、果域湿度、叶幕内部叶片的光合能力、果穗松散度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和酚类物质含量。因此在新疆天山北麓生态条件下,采用V形叶幕整形方式更有助于提高果实品质。 相似文献
20.
以‘翠冠’梨为试材,研究2次套袋中套小袋时期对梨果实内在品质及外观的影响。结果表明：总体来说,与CK相比,‘翠冠’梨成熟时,果实单果重增加;果实硬度降低;果实可溶性固形物含量与CK相比,4月22日套小袋、5月12日套大袋的A处理含量高（C黑除外）;果皮厚度厚;果点密度增加;果点直径减小;果面亮度增加;套黑袋的果面绿色度极低,果面黄色度也低,套白袋的果面偏绿、偏黄。同处理套黑袋的比套白袋的单果重小,果实硬度高,可溶性固形物含量高,果皮厚度厚,果点密度增加,果点直径小,果面亮度亮,绿色度低,黄色度低。总之,A处理效果较好,与CK相比,可溶性固形物含量高,果实硬度较高,A白果实单果重大,A黑果实单果重较大。 相似文献