共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 453 毫秒
1.
竹节草种质资源耐盐性初步评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以相对地上干重、相对地下干重、叶片枯黄率、叶片颜色、坪用质量为评价指标,在245 mmol/L Na Cl胁迫下,利用水培法对64份竹节草(Chrysopogon aciculatus)种质资源进行耐盐性初步评价。结果表明,各品系之间存在显著(p0.05)或极显著差异(p0.01),各指标的变异系数范围为20.64%(相对地上部干重)~43.40%(相对坪用质量)。相关性分析结果表明,参数指标间存在显著相关性(p0.05)或极显著相关性(p0.01),相关系数最高达到0.912。利用5个指标对64份品系进行聚类分析,在欧式距离18.0处,分为敏盐型、中间型、耐盐型三大类。 相似文献
2.
选取相对总二级分枝数比、相对地上部干重比、相对地下部干重比、相对总茎长比、坪用质量、叶片枯黄率6个指标,利用水培法对地毯草进行耐铝鉴定。结果表明,经2.1 mmol/L的铝处理后,不同种质间的生长存在显著(p0.05)或极显著(p0.01)相关,部分指标如相对总二级分枝数比与相对地上部干重比相关性达极显著水平(p0.01);相对地上部干重比与相对地下部干重比、相对总茎长比的相关性达极显著水平(p0.01)(相关系数最高达0.221),与枯黄率相关性达显著水平(p0.05);坪用质量与枯黄率呈显著负相关。不同指标间的的变异系数范围34.1%~78.6%,其中坪用质量变异系数最小(34.1%),而枯黄率变异系数最大(78.6%)。聚类分析结果表明,86份优良品种被分为3大类,即中间型、敏铝型和耐铝型。 相似文献
3.
利用外部形态指标,对28份竹节草种质的外部形态进行初步评定,以明确竹节草种质的形态差异。结果表明:竹节草种内形态变异很大,其中,穗长变异系数最大,可高达80.80%,叶宽变异系数最小为12.36%,所有指标变异系数平均为39.41%且达到极显著差异(p<0.01);竹节草草层越高,生殖枝越高大;花序密度越高,生殖枝愈高且分支数越多,结实率越高;匍匐茎叶片越长,节间越细且越短,直立枝越小;在欧氏距离10.1处,竹节草种质被分为无花序型、花序密度和植株高度介于前后两者之间的中间型、植株高大且花序密度高类型。 相似文献
4.
以40份竹节草（Chrysopogon aciculatus）种质为材料,采用0（CK）、15%（T1）和20%（T2）3种浓度的PEG-6000溶液模拟干旱胁迫,对其进行抗旱性初步评价。结果表明,随着PEG浓度增加,干旱胁迫下不同竹节草种质枯黄率和萎蔫系数呈增加趋势,不同处理间差异显著;相对于T1处理,T2处理下枯黄率和萎蔫系数增幅更大,变化更明显;T1处理可促进根系生长,而T2处理有抑制作用,种质间呈现显著性差异。相关性分析表明,枯黄率、萎蔫系数、相对总根长、相对根体积、相对根表面积之间均呈现极显著相关,相对根直径与萎蔫系数、相对根长之间显著相关,与其他形态指标之间无显著相关性,运用隶属函数对竹节草抗旱性进行综合分析,分为抗旱种质（CA04、CA26、CA23、CA58）和敏旱种质（CA03、CA59、CA78、CA40）。本研究结果可为今后开展竹节草抗性育种提供参考。 相似文献
5.
选取相对枯黄率、相对坪用质量、相对地上部分干重、相对根系干重和相对全株干重5个指标对不同地理来源的66份狗牙根材料的耐铝性进行初步评价,从而筛选出不同耐铝型的种质。结果表明：在2500 μmol/L铝浓度处理下,不同狗牙根种质之间的生长存在显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）差异,不同指标间的变异系数范围为19.90%~36.56%,其中相对枯黄率变异系数最大（36.56%）,而相对坪用质量变异系数最小（19.90%）;相对地上部干重与相对全株干重存在极显著正相关（P<0.01）,相关系数为0.942,相对枯黄率与相对坪用质量的相关性达到极显著负相关（P<0.01）,相关系数为-0.431;通过隶属函数法,将66份狗牙根种质分为4级,其中1级为极端耐铝型材料,包含5份材料,占总供试材料的7.57%;2级为较耐铝型材料,包含4份材料,占供试材料的6.06%;3级为中间型材料,包含47份材料,占供试材料的71.21%;4级为铝敏感型材料,包含10份材料,占供试材料的15.15%。通过对66份狗牙根材料耐铝性综合评价,筛选出了5份耐铝的种质,依次是B219、B532、A522、A075和B509。 相似文献
6.
海雀稗是重要的暖季型草坪草,为筛选耐镉海雀稗优质资源,本试验在海雀稗耐镉评价体系优化的基础上,对23份海雀稗种质资源进行耐镉性评价,并初步探讨了其耐镉生理机制。结果表明,低浓度镉（0.50~1.50 mmol/L）处理时,海雀稗叶片枯黄率有显著差异,镉浓度为0.50 mmol/L与1.50 mmol/L时坪用质量无显著差异,镉浓度为1.00 mmol/L与1.50 mmol/L时坪用质量无显著差异,坪用质量与枯黄率在镉浓度为1.50~2.00 mmol/L均有显著差异,高浓度镉（2.0~3.0 mmol/L）处理时枯黄率差异显著,镉浓度为2.00 mmol/L与2.50 mmol/L、2.50 mmol/L与3.00 mmol/L时坪用质量间无显著差异。以叶片枯黄率50%为标准,通过建立回归方程求得临界浓度为1.5 mmol/L。选用坪用质量较好的23份海雀稗种质资源进行耐镉性评价,结果表明1.50 mmol/L镉胁迫条件下,不同材料之间耐镉能力差异明显,USA17-2、USA17-30、USA17-37、USA17-41和USA17-45相对坪用质量高,枯黄率低于45.00%,对镉耐性强;USA17-22、USA17-24、USA17-42、HN17-35和US17-47相对坪用质量低,最高枯黄率达到83.33%,对镉耐性最弱。通过对耐镉能力极端资源的脯氨酸及叶绿素含量测定发现,镉胁迫后耐镉海雀稗中脯氨酸和叶绿素含量显著高于镉敏感型海雀稗,推测维持高的脯氨酸和叶绿素含量是海雀稗耐镉的重要生理机制。本研究结果为选育优良耐镉海雀稗品种提供参考。 相似文献
7.
大豆地方品种叶片叶柄茸毛性状的形态变异及其与豆卷叶螟抗性的相关分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大豆茎、叶、荚普遍着生茸毛,表现有末端形态、密度、长度和角度(着生状态)的差异.本文利用地方品种群体研究了大豆叶片和叶柄茸毛性状的变异、区域差异、相互关系及其与大豆对豆卷叶螟抗性的关系.大豆叶片茸毛密度、长度、角度和叶柄茸毛角度在全国393份代表性大豆地方品种间存在大幅度变异,变幅分别为4.8～105.9根·10 mm-2(无茸毛品种除外),0.22～0.94 mm,0°～88°和5°～90°.叶片茸毛密度、长度和角度大的品种较少,而叶柄茸毛角度小的品种较少.393份大豆地方品种中尖型茸毛末端品种127份.叶片茸毛长度、角度、末端形态及叶柄茸毛角度与地理生态区有关,生态区Ⅰ的叶片茸毛较长,生态区Ⅰ和Ⅱ的叶片茸毛角度较大,生态区Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ的钝型茸毛末端比率较高,生态区Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅴ的叶柄茸毛角度较大,而叶片茸毛密度与生态区无关.叶柄、叶片茸毛角度及叶片茸毛长度间相互呈极显著正相关,叶片茸毛密度与长度间呈极显著负相关.叶片茸毛密度和长度在茸毛末端形态间也有显著差异,尖型茸毛末端的品种茸毛密度较大,长度较短.豆卷叶螟引起的虫包数和卷叶率与叶片、叶柄茸毛角度及叶片茸毛长度极显著正相关,而与叶片茸毛密度显著负相关,与茸毛末端形态无关.叶片茸毛角度与抗虫性指标相关性最强,角度越小越抗虫,是大豆抗豆卷叶螟的重要因子. 相似文献
8.
9.
不同茶树品种含氟量的研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
采用氟离子选择电极法对26个茶树品种幼嫩新梢和成熟叶片的水溶性和总氟含量进行调查。结果表明,幼嫩新梢水溶性氟与总氟含量分别在46.76￣201.54mg/kg和47.93￣213.82mg/kg之间,成熟叶片分别在1150.79￣3625.11mg/kg和1299.66￣4739.89mg/kg之间,品种间氟含量差异显著。统计分析表明,水溶性氟与总氟量呈极显著正相关:y=1.2624x-30.152(n#52,r#0.9916,p≤0.01),成熟叶片氟含量与幼嫩新梢氟含量呈极显著正相关:y=15.912x 990.07(n#52,r#0.8606,p≤0.01)。其中连南大叶氟含量明显低于其他品种,有望成为低氟茶树种质资源。 相似文献
10.
采用生物检测方法，研究果园草被植株残体浸提液处理后的日本草种子萌发和幼苗生长的变化。结果表明：（1）10％浓度浸提液处理果园土壤时，会影响果园杂草的萌发及优势种日本草根冠比；（2）用不同浓度果园草被的植株残体浸提液砂培日本草种子时，都会降低发芽势和发芽率，且竹节草处理的效果最明显，达到差异显著（p<0.05）或极显著水平（p<0.01）；（3）百喜草处理促进日本草幼苗生长，宽叶雀稗处理效果相反；竹节草处理5.0％和10.0％时抑制日本草根生长，而其它处理促进了日本草根生长；（4）不同处理的日本草生物量都不同程度地小于对照，且竹节草处理的效果最明显，达到差异显著或极显著水平；（5）各处理对受体日本草的化感综合效应指数都小于对照，起抑制作用，竹节草处理抑制效果最明显。 相似文献
11.
12.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
15.
16.
Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
19.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
20.
Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献