首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
22份余甘子核心种质资源遗传多样性的SRAP分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
利用SRAP标记检测资源圃中保存的代表南方湿润分布区(福建、广东、广西)的22份余甘子种质材料遗传多样性。结果表明:8对SRAP引物组合共产生167条扩增带,其中135条为多态性条带。多态性条带比率为68.8%~90.0%,平均为80.8%。分析计算余甘子种质间的遗传相似度(GS),22份材料GS的范围为0.641~0.964。UPGMA法聚类分析结果表明,22份种质可分为两大类,其中福建地区15份余甘子间的遗传相似系数为0.641~0.964,广东地区5份余甘子的遗传相似系数为0.707~0.952。此研究结果表明,余甘子基因型具有丰富的遗传多样性,SRAP技术可有效运用于余甘子资源的遗传多样性分析。  相似文献   

2.
广东地区野生狗牙根遗传多样性的ISSR分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
应用ISSR标记,对广东地区30份野生狗牙根进行遗传多样性研究。从50个ISSR引物中筛选出15个多态性明显、反应稳定的引物,共扩增出151条谱带,平均每个引物能扩增出10.07条带,其中多态性条带总数为142条,多态性条带比率达93.7%。材料间遗传相似系数GS=0.58278～0.92715。基于遗传相似系数,利用UPGMA聚类分析表明,供试材料可聚为4类。POPGENE分析软件结果表明,平均Shannon信息指数I=0.5689,平均Nei's基因多样性h=0.3813,每位点平均有效等位基因数ne=1.6196。  相似文献   

3.
利用SRAP技术对36份茄子栽培种进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明：22对引物对36份茄子DNA进行PCR扩增，经过染色后共获得292条多态性条带，平均每个引物组合扩增出13.27条多态性条带。36份茄子品种间遗传相似系数在0.568～0.870，平均遗传相似系数为0.757，这表明该群体的遗传背景相对狭窄。利用UPGMA法对36份茄子资源进行聚类分析，结果显示，在相似系数为0.690处，可将36份茄子资源划分为5个组。  相似文献   

4.
橡胶树抗寒种质遗传多样性分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
应用RAPD和ISSR技术对20份橡胶树抗寒种质进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明，16个RAPD引物和12个ISSR引物分别扩增出条带113和101条，多态性条带指数(PPB)分别为61.1%和63.4%。据Nei-Li相似系数，ISSR标记在相似系数约0.74处，可将20份材料分为野生种质和栽培种质两大类；RAPD标记在相似系数约0.70处，也可将供试材料分为野生种质和栽培种质两类，但只有XJ002420为野生种质。对2种标记的分析结果进行相关分析，结果表明，RAPD和ISSR所检测的遗传相似系数呈极显著正相关，相关系数为0.672。以上结论表明，RAPD和ISSR标记可用于橡胶树种质资源的遗传多样性研究，但鉴于ISSR较RAPD有更强的多态性检出能力，ISSR技术应作为遗传多样性研究的首选单引物标记。  相似文献   

5.
割手密种质资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为探讨国内割手密种质资源的遗传多样性,本研究采用ISSR分子标记对采自8省的52份割手密种质资源进行了分析。结果表明,22条ISSR引物共扩增出127条条带,其中多态性条带121条,多态率达95.3%。材料间遗传相似系数GS在0.60~0.91之间。UPGMA聚类分析结果表明:在遗传相似系数0.72时52份材料可分为4大类;ISSR分析结果显示,割手密遗传多样性丰富,可以用ISSR对割手密进行分子水平的鉴定和遗传多样性研究。  相似文献   

6.
基于SRAP分子标记的特早熟荔枝种质资源遗传多样性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以22份特早熟、6份早熟及2份中熟荔枝种质资源为材料,利用SRAP分子标记进行遗传多样性分析,探索特早熟荔枝种质资源的亲缘关系。结果表明：对182对SRAP引物组合进行筛选,获得16对多态性高、条带清晰的SRAP引物组合,共计产生扩增条带182条,其中多态性条带140条,占76.9%。材料间遗传相似系数为0.47~0.99,根据UPGMA聚类分析,在遗传相似系数0.73处可将30份荔枝样本分成4类,其中第Ⅰ类20份,占66.7%,包括绝大多数特早熟荔枝资源;第Ⅱ类4份,占13.3%,包括‘妃子笑’与部分杂交早熟资源;第Ⅲ类和第Ⅳ类各3份,分别占10%。以上研究结果为特早熟荔枝种质资源发掘、评价及新品种培育提供理论参考。  相似文献   

7.
中加燕麦种质的遗传多样性和群体结构分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为揭示燕麦种质资源的遗传基础,采用内含子切接点引物和长随机引物的PCR分子标记技术,对加拿大和中国的64份燕麦种质的遗传多样性和群体结构进行了分析.结果表明,所用15条引物共扩增出171条带,平均每条引物扩增出11.4条带,其中多态性带共134务,多态性百分比为78.36%.燕麦各种质阃的Dice遗传相似系数分析表明,所有燕麦材料间的遗传相似系数变幅为0.699～0.934,平均值为0.81,表明参试燕麦种质间存在着一定的遗传差异,但遗传差异相对较小.群体结构分析结果表明,所研究的燕麦种质中81.25%的种质血缘相对比较单一,仅18.75%的种质拥有混合来源.  相似文献   

8.
以48份石斛兰种质资源为对象,采用iPBS分子标记技术对其遗传多样性进行分析并构建DNA指纹图谱。结果表明：从83条iPBS引物中筛选出7条扩增条带清晰、多态性高、重复性好的引物;利用筛选出的引物对48份石斛兰基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,共获得279条谱带,其中多态性条带279条,多态性比例为100%;采用GenAlEx 6.5软件计算48份石斛兰的平均观测等位基因数（Na）为2.000,平均有效等位基因数（Ne）为1.202,平均Nei’s遗传多样性指数（He）为0.153,平均Shannon信息多样性指数（I）为0.274,48份石斛兰表现出丰富的遗传多样性;采用NTSYS-pc 2.1软件计算得到48份石斛兰间的遗传相似系数为0.6667~0.9211,基于遗传相似系数进行UPGMA聚类,在相似系数0.75处,可将48份石斛兰划分为7个类群。利用2对引物构建的DNA指纹图谱可单独鉴别出48份石斛兰种质资源,该图谱可为石斛兰分类与鉴定提供科学依据。  相似文献   

9.
胡麻核心种质资源表型变异及SRAP分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了深入了解胡麻核心种质资源的表型变异和遗传多样性,对401份胡麻种质14个表型性状进行多元统计分析。结果表明:14个表型性状平均变异系数为17.87%,平均遗传多样性指数为2.132,28对表型性状间呈极显著相关,4对呈显著相关。用26对SRAP引物评价了胡麻核心种质,共扩增出234个多态性条带,多态性信息量(PIC)平均为0.60;有效等位基因数(Ne)、香农信息指数(I)和Nei's基因多样性指数(H)在物种水平上分别为1.584 7、0.523 5和0.347 9,在群体水平上分别为1.510 5、0.464 4和0.305 4。聚类分析结果显示,在遗传相似系数为0.295和0.375处,将401份胡麻资源分为2大类和7个亚类,与国内外7个不同地区来源吻合。结果表明供试胡麻种质资源农艺性状的变异大于品质性状的变异,地理环境是影响胡麻种质资源遗传多样性的主要因素。  相似文献   

10.
应用SCoT标记对不同来源的28份木薯种质资源进行遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析。结果表明：从36条引物中筛选出19条重复性好、条带清晰的引物对28份木薯材料进行PCR扩增。共扩增出171条带,其中多态性条带123条,平均每条引物扩增多态性条带6.5条,多态性条带比率为71.9％。经NTSYS-pc2.10e软件计算分析,28份木薯种质间遗传相似系数在0.631~0.930之间。利用UPGMA法进行聚类的结果显示：在系数0.68处,木薯材料分为2大类,品种BRA354单独成为一类;在系数为0.734处,28份木薯种质资源主要聚为5大类,聚类结果与材料来源有一定相关性。SCoT标记能在木薯种质间检测出一定程度的遗传多样性,可为木薯遗传育种提供新的技术支持。  相似文献   

11.
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described.  相似文献   

12.
  相似文献   

13.
Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.  相似文献   

14.
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions.  相似文献   

15.
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased.  相似文献   

16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4  
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.  相似文献   

17.
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn.  相似文献   

18.
Summary Recurrent backcrosses (BC) were used to introduce nuclear factors ofS. tuberosum L. ssp.tuberosum into the cytoplasm of Andean potatoesS. tuberosum ssp.andigena (Juz. and Buk.) Hawkes andS. phureja Juz. and Buk. Each generation BC was produced in reciprocal directions to test the effect of cytoplasmic substitution on yield. This report analyses tuber number, tuber weight, and tuber length of BC2 and BC3 substitution into ssp.andigena cytoplasm and BC2 and BC2 substitutions intoS. phureja cytoplasm. Direction of cross had no consistent significant effect on yield components of ssp.andigena substitution lines. InS. phureja reciprocal progenies direction of cross was responsible for significant differences of some reciprocal sets. When there were significant differences the higher yield usually occurred when ssp.tuberosum was the pistillate parent, but in some progenies when ssp.tuberosum was the pistillate parent the yield was significantly lower than in the reciprocals. It is suggested that differences between reciprocals resulted from chromosomally encoded gene action, resulting from maternal and/or paternal effects, rather than cytoplasmic factors. Authorized for publication as paper No. 7494 in the Journal Series of The Pennsylvania Agriculture Experiment Station.  相似文献   

19.
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future.  相似文献   

20.
Résumé Fusarium culmorum et, dans une moindre mesure,F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes etCylindrocarpon sp. ont été isolés de tubercules entreposés en atmosphère contr?lée (AC) et atteints de pourriture grave. Des expériences d'inoculation de tubercules avec 10 espèces ou variétés fongiques et conservation en AC à 8 et 10°C ont montré que: 1) les champignons non pathogènes en atmosphère normale (ex.:Cylindrocarpon sp.) le devenaient en AC, 2) ceux qui étaient faiblement pathogènes en atmosphère normale étaient nettement plus virulents en AC (ex.:F. culmorum), 3) les espèces ou variétés virulentes en conditions d'air normales (Fusarium sulphureum etPhoma exigua var.foveata) ne provoquaient pas de pourriture plus grave en AC et leur activité pouvait même être légérement freinée.
Summary The extensive rotting of tubers which occurred during storage trials in controlled atmospheres has led to a mycological and pathological study of the rots. The most frequently isolated species wasFusarium culmorum althoughF. avenaceum, F. Sambucinum, Coletotrichum coccodes and aCylindrocarpon sp. were also present. Tubers of cvs Bintje and Ulla were inoculated with 19 isolates of 10 fungal species or varieties associated with rotting of stored tubers (Table 1). The tubers were incubated at 8 or 10°C in normal or controlled (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2) atmospheres and the extent of rotting was determined a month later (Tables 2 and 3 and Fig. 2). Species which were weakly virulent in a normal atmosphere (variousFusarium spp. andPhoma exigua var.exigua) were clearly more aggressive in the controlled atmosphere and this was especially evident in the case ofF. culmorum. Species ot pathogenic in a normal atmosphere under experimental conditions (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp.,Phoma eupyrena) caused rotting in the controlled atmosphere. The two species which were virulent in a normal atmosphere (F. sulphureum andP. exigua var.foveata) were also virulent in the controlled atmosphere and in some cases the extent of rotting was even less. As a general rule, rotting caused by weakly virulent fungi was greater in both cultivars in the controlled than in a normal atmosphere.
Zusammenfassung Eine starke F?ulnis von in Kontrotrollierter Atmosph?re gelagerten Kartoffelknollen veranlasste eine mykologische und pathologische Untersuchung. Der am h?ufigsten isolierte Pilz warFusarium culmorum. F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes undCylindrocarpon sp. wurden ebenfalls bestimmt. Neunzehn St?mme von 10 Pilzsorten oder-Arten welche bei Lagerf?ulnis vorkommen (Tab. 1) wurden auf Knollen der Sorten Bintje und Ulla inokuliert. Die Lagerung wurde bei 8 oder 10°C under Normalbedingungen oder kontrollierter Atmosph?re durchgeführt (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2). Der F?ulnisgrad (Abb. 1) wurde nach einem Monat bonitiert. Die Ergebnisse sind in den Tabellen 2 und 3 dargestellt und in der Abb. 2 illustriert. Unter in Normalbedingungen nur schwach virulente Arten (verschiedeneFusarien undPhoma exigua var. exigua) waren deutlich aktiver in kontrollierter Atmosph?re. Dies was besonders der Fall fürF. culmorum. Pilze, die im Versuch unter Normalbedingungen nicht pathogen waren (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp., Phoma eupyrena), haben unter kontrollierter Atmosph?re Sch?den verursacht. Hingegen werden die beiden unter Normalbedingungen sehr pathogenen Arten (F. sulphureum undP., exigua var.foveata), durch kontrollierte Atmosph?re wenig beeinflusst. Es wurde sogar in einigen F?llen eine gewisse Verringerung des F?ulnisbefalls beobachtet. Ganz allgemein haben die getesteten kontrollierten Bedingungen die Entwicklung der Pilzf?ulnis an beiden Kartoffelsorten gef?rdert, speziell durch Pilzarten, welche unter Normal-bedingungen wenig Sch?den verursachen.
  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号