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1.
利用粘粒矿物修复重金属污染农业土壤研究进展 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14
Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils poses risks and hazards to humans.The remediation of heavy metal-polluted soils has become a hot topic in environmental science and engineering.In this review,the application of clay minerals for the remediation of heavy metal-polluted agricultural soils is summarized,in terms of their remediation effects and mechanisms,influencing factors,and future focus.Typical clay minerals,natural sepiolite,palygorskite,and bentonite,have been widely utilized for the in-situ immobilization of heavy metals in soils,especially Cd-polluted paddy soils and wastewater-irrigated farmland soils.Clay minerals are able to increase soil pH,decrease the chemical-extractable fractions and bioavailability of heavy metals in soils,and reduce the heavy metal contents in edible parts of plants.The immobilization effects have been confirmed in field-scale demonstrations and pot trials.Clay minerals can improve the environmental quality of soils and alleviate the hazards of heavy metals to plants.As main factors affecting the immobilization effects,the pH and water condition of soils have drawn academic attention.The remediation mechanisms mainly include liming,precipitation,and sorption effects.However,the molecular mechanisms of microscopic immobilization are unclear.Future studies should focus on the long-term stability and improvement of clay minerals in order to obtain a better remediation effect. 相似文献
2.
Knowledge about heavy metal release from industrial solid wastes(ISWs) is crucial for better management of their environmental risks. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic and inorganic acids, clay minerals, and nanoparticles(NPs) on the release of heavy metals from sugar factory waste, ceramic factory waste, leather factory waste, and stone cutting waste. The influence of the extractants on heavy metal release from these ISWs was in the following descending order: citric acid oxalic acid nitric acid≥ sulfuric acid Ca Cl2. Addition of clay minerals and NPs as adsorbents decreased heavy metal release, which was significantly lower in NP-treated wastes than in the clay mineral-treated wastes. On the other hand, the presence of organic and inorganic acids increased heavy metal adsorption by NPs and clay minerals. These results suggest that NPs can be applied successfully in waste remediation,and organic and inorganic acids play an important role in the removal of heavy metals from the studied adsorbents. 相似文献
3.
Gianni Andreottola Luca Bonomo Giorgia De Gioannis Elisa Ferrarese Aldo Muntoni Alessandra Polettini Raffaella Pomi Sabrina Saponaro 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(1):142-150
Purpose
The fairly high amounts of sediments dredged in coastal or internal water bodies for navigational and/or environmental purposes claims for the identification of appropriate management strategies. Dredged sediments are frequently affected by organic and inorganic contamination, so that their reuse, as an alternative to final landfill disposal, could need remediation. In this framework, a two-year joint research project was carried out to assess the feasibility of different remediation technologies for the treatment of polluted sediments. 相似文献4.
Phytoremediation for soils contaminated by phenanthrene and pyrene with multiple plant species 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Purpose
The remediation of soil polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is of great importance due to the persistence and carcinogenic properties of PAHs. Phytoremediation has been regarded as a promising alternative among suggested approaches. For the establishment of highly effective remediation method and better understanding of the remediation mechanisms by plants, the potentials of three plant species and their planting patterns on the remediation efficacy were studied by pot experiments. 相似文献5.
6.
Purpose
Recent trends in soil green and sustainable remediation require an increased attention on environmental effects. The physical consequences of remediation practices on soil structure are very rarely investigated.Material and methods
A laboratory experiment was carried out by adding iron grit to a sand (S), a silt loam (L), and a clay (C) soil subjected to several wetting-drying cycles. The physical effects of the treatment on soil pore system were identified and quantified combining physical measurements on repacked samples with image analysis of pores on resin-impregnated soil blocks and micromorphological analysis on thin sections.Results and discussion
A negligible reduction of total porosity (P) resulted in S, and a slight increase was observed in the L and C soils. However, an important impact on soil structure was identified in pore size range >10 μm for the L and C soils, with the formation of new pores related to the differential shrink-swell behavior between soil matrix and added iron grains. Different plasticity of these soils also played a role in planar pore formation.Conclusions
Effects of the addition of iron grit on soil pore system are strongly dependent on soil physical properties. The performed experiment showed that iron-based amendments can improve soil structure in low-plastic shrink-swell soil increasing porosity in the range of transmission pores (50–500 μm). This study showed the high potential of soil micromorphology and pore image analysis in order to evaluate the environmental impact of soil remediation practices. 相似文献7.
Vivian I. Remlinger Katharina R. Lenhardt Maria V. Rechberger Thilo Rennert Harald Rennhofer Daniel Tunega Franz Ottner Max Willinger Franz Zehetner Martin H. Gerzabek 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2023,186(5):568-579
Background
Glyphosate (GLP) is a widely used herbicide with possible adverse effects on human health and the environment. In soils, GLP strongly adsorbs on clay-sized minerals, depending on pH, the amount of organic carbon, as well as the contents and properties of Al and Fe oxyhydroxides and clay minerals. Many clay-sized minerals have already been investigated regarding GLP adsorption behavior, but information on minerals commonly found in volcanic soils is still lacking.Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate for the first time the pH-dependent adsorption of GLP on allophane and halloysite, typical minerals found in volcanic soils.Methods
GLP adsorption was studied in batch experiments at three pH values (5, 6, and 7). Synthetic allophanes with two different initial Al:Si ratios (1.4 and 1.8) and a halloysite were used as adsorbents.Results
The adsorption capacity (AC) increased with rising Al:Si ratio and decreasing pH. The AC of allophane was significantly higher than that of halloysite. GLP adsorption on allophane was larger than that reported for other clay minerals and Al and Fe oxyhydroxides, especially at low pH. The AC of halloysite was higher than reported for most other clay minerals.Conclusion
Different mineral formation pathways in volcanic soils, notably the formation of halloysite versus allophanes, strongly affect the soils’ retention capacity for GLP. The high AC of allophanes may induce the low mobility of GLP in allophane-containing soils. Long-term use of GLP may accumulate the herbicide in these soils with potential effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services. 相似文献8.
Purpose
Ferrolysis is a soil-forming process, which involves destruction of clay minerals due to cyclic reduction and oxidation in acidic and periodically wet soils. The main objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to determine the influence of redox processes on clay mineral transformation in Retisols (Albeluvisols) in the Carpathian Foothills in Poland and (2) to verify the occurrence of ferrolysis in Retisols showing various degrees of bleaching.Materials and methods
Twelve representative soil profiles were selected for analysis. All were formed entirely from loess except for two profiles, in which the lowermost horizons (2C) had developed from weathered flysch rocks residuum. Soil mineral analysis was done using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS).Results and discussion
The obtained results indicate that the qualitative and quantitative mineral compositions of the clay fraction in the E and Eg horizons obtained from Retisols in the Carpathian Foothills exhibiting marked differences in bleaching (strong, moderate, weak, and lack of bleaching) caused by periodic stagnation of water above a slowly permeable fragipan and cyclic redox processes are the same. The E and Eg horizons are characterized by the presence of 2:1 clay minerals with likely organic interlayer fillings, dioctahedral mica, kaolinite, and chlorite.Conclusions
The results indicate that (1) redox processes occurring in the soils do not affect clay mineral transformation in Retisols of the Carpathian Foothills in Poland and (2) ferrolysis is not the main soil-forming process operating in these soils. This is most likely because iron-bearing minerals are not abundant in the Retisols and/or undergo eluviation to the lower part of the soil profiles. The lower content of the clay fraction in the E and Eg horizons versus that in the lower soil horizons of the Retisols is related to clay illuviation (lessivage), and not to clay decomposition due to ferrolysis.9.
Rémon Saaltink Jasper Griffioen Gerben Mol Manfred Birke 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(1):121-137
Purpose
Concern about the environmental impact of agriculture caused by intensification is growing as large amounts of nutrients and contaminants are introduced into the environment. The aim of this paper is to identify the geogenic and agricultural controls on the elemental composition of European, grazing and agricultural soils.Materials and methods
Robust factor analysis was applied to data series for Al, B, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, S, Se, Sr, U, Zn (ICP-MS) and SiO2, K2O, Na2O, Fe2O3, Al2O3 (XRF) based on the European GEMAS dataset. In addition, the following general soil properties were included: clay content, pH, chemical index of alteration (CIA), loss on ignition (LOI), cation exchange capacity (CEC), total organic carbon (TOC) and total carbon and total sulfur. Furthermore, this dataset was coupled to a dataset containing information of historic P2O5 fertilization across Europe. Also, a mass balance was carried out for Cd, Cu and Zn to determine if concentrations of these elements found in the soils have their origin in historic P2O5 fertilization.Results and discussion
Seven geogenic factors and one agricultural factor were found of which four prominent ones (all geogenic): chemical weathering, reactive iron-aluminum oxide minerals, clay minerals and carbonate minerals. Results for grazing and agricultural soils were near identical, which further proofs the prominence of geogenic controls on the elemental composition. When the cumulative amount of P2O5 fertilization was considered, no extra agriculture-related factors became visible. The mass balance confirms these observations.Conclusions
Overall, the geological controls are more important for the soil chemistry in agricultural and grazing land soils than the anthropogenic controls. 相似文献10.
For bacterial inoculants to be effective in soil remediation, the bacterial strain must be capable of overcoming any negative
effects of soil minerals on cellular processes. One class of minerals commonly encountered by soil bacteria is clays. Thus,
the effect of commonly occurring clay minerals in soils on starvation, survival and 2-hydroxypyridine catabolism by Arthrobacter crystallopoietes was evaluated. Stationary phase A. crystallopoietes cells were suspended in 0.03M, pH7.0, phosphate buffer containing no clay or amended with 0.2% (wt/vol) montmorillonite, sodium montmorillonite or kaolinite.
Marked effects of clay minerals on both survival rates and catabolic rates of 2-hydroxypyridine were noted. For example, after
14 weeks starvation, 4.6% of the initial cell population was viable with no clay present, compared to 0.8% (montmorillonite),
22.1% (kaolinite) and 54.1% (sodium montmorillonite) in the presence of the clay minerals. Acclimated and nonacclimated cell
populations were used to evaluate 2-hydroxypyridine catabolism. Induction of 2-hydroxypyridine metabolism occurred in the
unacclimated cells following starvation. Differential impact of the clay minerals on unacclimated cells was detected. Montmorillonite
enhanced the capacity for induction of 2-hydroxypyridine catabolism and its decomposition rate after 0–3 days starvation.
For acclimated cells, clay did not affect the metabolic activity prior to starvation, but the presence of clay resulted in
increased activity during starvation. For example, after 3 days starvation, a nearly two fold increase in metabolism was detected
in the presence of clay minerals. These data suggest that some clay minerals in soil alter the survival time and metabolic
activity of soil-amended bacteria, thereby affecting the potential for bioremediation success.
Received: 1 March 1996 相似文献
11.
Gitte Lemming Søndergaard Philip John Binning Morten Bondgaard Poul Løgstrup Bjerg 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(11):3334-3348
Purpose
In order to improve and support decision-making for the selection of remedial techniques for contaminated sites, a multi-criteria assessment (MCA) method has been developed. The MCA framework is structured in a decision process actively involving stakeholders, and compares the sustainability of remediation alternatives by integrating environmental, societal, and economic criteria in the assessment.Materials and methods
The MCA includes five main decision criteria: remedial effect, remediation cost, remediation time, environmental impacts, and societal impacts. The main criteria are divided into a number of sub-criteria. The environmental impacts consider secondary impacts to the environment caused by remedial activities and are assessed by life-cycle assessment (LCA). The societal impacts mainly consider local impacts and are assessed in a more qualitative manner on a scale from 1 to 5. The performance on each main criterion is normalized to a score between 0 and 1, with 1 being the worst score. An overall score is obtained by calculating a weighted sum with criteria weights determined by stakeholders. The MCA method was applied to assess remediation alternatives for the Groyne 42 site, one of the largest contaminated sites in Denmark.Results and discussion
The compared remediation alternatives for the site were: (1) excavation of the site followed by soil treatment; (2) in situ alkaline hydrolysis; (3) in situ thermal remediation; and (4) continued encapsulation of the site by sheet piling. Criteria weights were derived by a stakeholder panel. The stakeholders gave the highest weighting to the remedial effect of the methods and to the societal impacts. For the Groyne 42 case study, the excavation option obtained the lowest overall score in the MCA, and was therefore found to be the most sustainable option. This was especially due to the fact that this option obtained a high score in the main categories Effect and Social impacts, which were weighted highest by the stakeholders.Conclusions
The developed MCA method is structured with five main criteria. Effect and time are included in addition to the three pillars of sustainability (environment, society, and economy). The remedial effect of remediation is therefore assessed and weighted separately from the main criteria environment. This structure makes interpretation of criteria scores more transparent and emphasizes the importance of effect and time as decision parameters. This also facilitated an easier weighting procedure for the stakeholders in the case study, who expressed a wish to weigh the remedial effect independently from the secondary environmental impacts.12.
Dejan Krcmar Milena Dalmacija Bozo Dalmacija Miljana Prica Jelena Trickovic Elvira Karlovic 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2013,13(7):1318-1326
Purpose
The objective of this research was to apply the same immobilization (stabilization/solidification) clay-based treatments to sediment contaminated with different metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cr) with different distributions and availabilities in sediment. We also examined the possibility of using clay as an immobilization agent without the application of thermal treatment, in order to reduce the economic cost of this expensive remediation procedure.Materials and methods
Clay from a canal in Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia, was used as the immobilization agent in a stabilization/solidification treatment to remediate metal-contaminated sediment. Semi-dynamic and toxicity characteristic leaching tests were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the nonthermal and thermal immobilization treatments with clay, and the long-term leaching behavior of these metals was determined using the following parameters: cumulative percentage of metals leached; diffusion coefficients; leachability indices; and toxicity characteristic leaching test concentration.Results and discussion
Based on these parameters, both clay-based treatments were effective in immobilizing metals in the contaminated sediment. Results suggest that both heating temperature and clay proportion in the sediment–clay mixture impact the degree of metal immobilization.Conclusions
Clay-based products are potentially good immobilization materials for metal-contaminated sediments, with the distribution of metals in the original sediment not influencing the efficacy of the treatments. Even without the thermal treatment, the metals were effectively immobilized. The leaching of metals was largely inside the regulatory limits and the treated samples can be regarded as nonhazardous materials. This justifies the choice of not applying the more expensive thermal treatment during remediation, especially when treating sediments containing a mixture of pollutants. 相似文献13.
Redell Chris J. Elmore Andrew Curtis Burken Joel G. Stringer Ryan D. 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(6):1115-1124
Purpose
In situ contaminated sediment remediation through the addition of activated carbon has been proven to be an effective remediation technique. An amendment delivery system was developed to accurately place and inject a powdered activated carbon slurry. The system was set up to deliver a series of discrete injections over a rectangular grid with the objective to deliver 3% carbon (C) by dry weight to an inundated saturated sediment at a maximum sediment depth of 30 cm. 相似文献14.
Chengshuai Liu Kaimin Shih Yuanxue Gao Fangbai Li Lan Wei 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2012,12(5):724-733
Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of aluminum-based minerals, especially their surface Lewis acid sites (LASs), on the transformation and fate of chloroacetanilide herbicide contaminants when nucleophilic reagents are present. 相似文献15.
Tiago Osório Ferreira Xosé L. Otero Valdomiro S. de Souza Junior Pablo Vidal-Torrado Felipe Macías Lilian P. Firme 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(6):995-1006
Purpose
Among environmental factors governing innumerous processes that are active in estuarine environments, those of edaphic character have received special attention in recent studies. With the objectives of determining the spatial patterns of soil attributes and components across different mangrove forest landscapes and obtaining additional information on the cause–effect relationships between these variables and position within the estuary, we analyzed several soil attributes in 31 mangrove soil profiles from the state of São Paulo (Guarujá, Brazil).Materials and methods
Soil samples were collected at low tide along two transects within the Crumahú mangrove forest. Samples were analyzed to determine pH, Eh, salinity, and the percentages of sand, silt, clay, total organic carbon (TOC), and total S. Mineralogy of the clay fraction (<2 mm) was also studied by X-ray diffraction analysis, and partitioning of solid-phase Fe was performed by sequential extraction.Results and discussion
The results obtained indicate important differences in soil composition at different depths and landscape positions, causing variations in physicochemical parameters, clay mineralogy, TOC contents, and iron geochemistry. The results also indicate that physicochemical conditions may vary in terms of different local microtopographies. Soil salinity was determined by relative position in relation to flood tide and transition areas with highlands. The proportions of TOC and total S are conditioned by the sedimentation of organic matter derived from vegetation and by the prevailing redox conditions, which clearly favored intense sulfate reduction in the soils (～80% of the total Fe is Fe-pyrite). Particle-size distribution is conditioned by erosive/deposition processes (present and past) and probably by the positioning of ancient and reworked sandy ridges. The existing physicochemical conditions appear to contribute to the synthesis (smectite) and transformation (kaolinite) of clay minerals.Conclusions
The results demonstrate that the position of soils in the estuary greatly affects soil attributes. Differences occur even at small scales (meters), indicating that both edaphic (soil classification, soil mineralogy, and soil genesis) and environmental (contamination and carbon stock) studies should take such variability into account.16.
Purpose
Contaminated land is a major problem. The remediation cost of brownfields in Europe and the USA exceeds 550 billion €; however, rehabilitation is on a slow pace. It is estimated that the money spent so far correspond to just 5% of the required one to eliminate the problem. The high cost of remediation, along with the inefficiency of the available funds, gives rise to a need for a method to effectively allocate remediation funds. 相似文献17.
Background Aims, and Scope. Reducing heavy metal solubility and bioavailability in contaminated area without removing them from the
soil is one of the common practices in decreasing the negative impacts on the environment and improving the soil quality.
Therefore, our aim was to study the effect of clay minerals: Na-bentonite, Ca-bentonite, and zeolite applied to a contaminated
soil on immobilization of heavy metals, as well as on some soil parameters related with microbial activity.
Methods A soil derived from sewage sludge was incubated with clay minerals of either Na-bentonite, Ca-bentonite, or zeolite for 111
days (d). During the incubation experiment, concentrations of water soluble Zn, Cd, Cu, and Ni were measured after extraction
of 2 g air-dry soil with 50 ml of H2O for 2 h. After the water extraction, the soil sediment was extracted with 50 ml of 1
M NH4NO3 for 2 h to estimate the exchangeable amounts of heavy metals. Furthermore, soil microbial respiration, microbial
biomass C, Corg mineralization, metabolic quotient (qCO2), and inorganic N were also investigated.
Results and Discussion Water extractable and exchangeable forms of heavy metals were changed by incubation and addition of clay minerals. Incubation
of soil without addition of clay minerals (control) increased water extractable Cu by 12, 24 and 3.8% of initial content after
21, 62, and 111 d of incubation, respectively. The water extractable Zn decreased by 9% during 62 d of incubation and it tended
to increase by 14% at the end of the incubation, as compared with the initial soil. Water extractable Cd decreased by 71,
66 and 33% of initial content, and Ni decreased by 54, 70, and 58%, after 21, 62, and 111 d of incubation, respectively. During
the incubation experiment, the exchangeable form of all tested metals was decreased by incubation. The addition of clay minerals
led to a significant decrease in water soluble and exchangeable forms of heavy metals during the incubation experiment, resulting
in low metal extractability. The reduction in metal extractability was greater due to the addition of Na-bentonite or Ca-bentonite
than that due to the addition of zeolite. During the first 3 weeks after addition of clay minerals, the studied biological
parameters were not affected. However, as incubation progressed, the addition of Na- or Ca- bentonite led to a significant
increase in soil respiration, microbial biomass C, Corg mineralization, and inorganic N; and a significant decrease in qCO2.
This result is explained by sorption of heavy metals on Na-bentonite and Ca-bentonite and strong reduction of their toxicity.
Conclusions Our results clearly show that the addition of clay minerals, especially of Na-bentonite and Ca-bentonite, decreased the extractability
of four metals during incubation. The decreased metal extractability was accompanied by an increase of soil respiration, Corg
mineralization, microbial biomass C, and inorganic N and a decrease of metabolic quotient (qCO2), showing positive effect
of clay mineral addition on soil biological parameters.
Recommendations and Outlook The use of Na-bentonite and Ca-bentonite is promising tool for reduction the extractability and possible toxicity of heavy
metals in sewage sludge-contaminated soil. Therefore, the soils polluted with heavy metals may be ameliorated by addition
of clay minerals, especially Na-bentonite and Ca-bentonite. 相似文献
18.
Edson Campanhola Bortoluzzi Diovane Freire Moterle Danilo dos Santos Rheinheimer Carlos Alberto Casali George W. Melo Gustavo Brunetto 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2012,12(6):854-862
Purpose
Inadequate soil use and management practices promote commonly negative impacts on the soil constituents and their properties, with consequences to ecosystems. As the soil mineralogy can be permanently altered due to soil use, this approach can be used as a tool to monitor the anthropogenic pressure. The objective of the present study was to assess the mineralogical alterations of a Brazilian regosol used for grape production for 40?years in comparison with a soil under natural vegetation (forest), aiming to discuss anthropogenic pressure on soils.Material and methods
Soil samples were collected at depths of 0?C0.20 and 0.20?C0.40?m from vineyard production and natural vegetation sites. Physical and chemical parameters were analysed by classic approaches. Mineralogical analyses were carried out on <2?mm, silt and clay fractions. Clay minerals were estimated by the relative percentage of peak surface area of the X-ray patterns.Results and discussion
Grape production reduced the organic matter content by 28?% and the clay content by 23?% resulting in a decreasing cation exchange capacity. A similar clay fraction was observed in both soils, containing kaolinite, illite/mica and vermiculite with hydroxy-Al polymers interlayered. Neither gibbsite nor chlorite was found. However, in the soil under native vegetation, the proportion of illite (79?%) was higher than vermiculite (21?%). Whereas, in the soil used for grape production during 40?years, the formation of vermiculite was promoted.Conclusions
Grape production alters the proportions of soil constituents of the regosol, reducing clay fraction and organic matter contents, as well as promoting changes in the soil clay minerals with the formation of vermiculite to the detriment of illite, which suggests weathering acceleration and susceptibility to anthropogenic pressure.Recommendations and perspectives
Ecosystems in tropical and subtropical climates can be more easily and permanently altered due to anthropogenic pressure, mainly as a consequence of a great magnitude of phenomena such as temperature amplitude and rainfall that occurs in these regions. This is more worrying when soils are located on steep grades with a high anthropogenic pressure, like regosols in Southern Brazil. Thus, this study suggests that changes in soil mineralogy can be used as an important tool to assess anthropogenic pressure in ecosystems and that soil quality maintenance should be a priority in sensible landscapes to maintain the ecosystem quality. 相似文献19.
Mingming Sun Dengqiang Fu Ying Teng Yuanyuan Shen Yongming Luo Zhengao Li Peter Christie 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(6):980-989
Purpose
A 7-month field experiment was conducted to investigate the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) remediation potential of two plant species and changes in counts of soil PAH-degrading bacteria and microbial activity. 相似文献20.