共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 593 毫秒
1.
The NSW Soil Knowledge Network (SKN) is a small group of senior ex‐government soil scientists concerned that more needs to be done to improve soil management and stem land degradation with on‐ground extension and training workshops. Widespread attendance and positive feedback from SKN training courses and workshops indicate their extension success and confirm a strong demand for practical independent soil management advice aided by government‐based databases to enhance on‐site workshops. We argue that effective soil knowledge transfer requires interaction and discussion between soil scientists and land managers. This can bridge the gap between data and useful knowledge about soil and land management. The workshop format, where specific soil management issues of specific interest, such as soil acidity, nutrient management or soil sodicity, are discussed between land managers and soil scientists, has been a useful approach. A major concern is that soil scientists with knowledge and practical experience are getting older and fewer in number but few replacements are being appointed in private or government agencies. Also, despite soil electronic data and information being freely available, many land managers and advisors have difficulties accessing and translating soil data into relevant land management decisions. Dialogue with SKN members helps solve this problem because of their hands‐on and face‐to‐face approach with their audiences. The combination of data with effective soil knowledge transfer is successfully exhibited at SKN workshops for advisory groups and the ‘pits and kits’ field days as shown in the paper. 相似文献
2.
To enhance sustainable land use, a From Farmer to Farmer project was conducted in Switzerland (2001–2010). A multi‐stakeholder discussion group co‐produced nine videos with experienced farmers and wine producers showing sustainable soil management practices. We analysed the video audio‐visual content and drew on reflections of the co‐production process, referring to concepts of system, target and transformation knowledge, as well as on social learning. The analysis showed a broad range of means (or actions) for sustainable soil management in arable land management, fodder production and wine growing that are aligned to transformation knowledge. The research showed that farmers refer to three phases of social learning, light‐bulb moments, coping with challenges and gaining successful expertise. These are not just linear processes of individuals. Four types of social learning were found in the video analysis: (a) learning from observing actions of others, (b) sharing experiences with storytelling, (c) informal social interactions and (d) being a role model with a large social network. Videos enable transformation knowledge to be shared with peers using storytelling; this powerful narrative communication style provides credibility and respects the ‘thought style’ of the target audience group. We conclude that for successful implementation of sustainable actions, it is important to address a specific target group and share their transformation knowledge built upon system and target knowledge. The social learning video method is a viable way to enable social learning between science, administration and practice and has potential for fostering change in sustainable soil management. 相似文献
3.
Sally K. McInnes‐Clarke Brian R. Jenkins Andrew Rawson Brian W. Murphy 《Soil Use and Management》2019,35(1):105-116
The New South Wales (NSW) Soil Knowledge Network (SKN) is a group of retired soil specialist volunteers, who strive to promote the importance of soils through knowledge and expertise. The Soil Knowledge Network is unique and represents a new direction in knowledge sharing using the passion of recently retired soil scientists to support new and early career soil scientists. The terms ‘legacy science’ and ‘sharing legacy knowledge’ are used here to describe SKN activities. This paper reflects on the progress of the SKN and assesses its positive impact on raising the awareness and understanding of soils using qualitative examples from workshops, a survey of soil team coaches at the 2018 National soil judging competition, and metrics from social media and online resources. SKN successes and learning experiences are discussed along with notions of trust, credibility and the importance of people in delivering positive outcomes. 相似文献
4.
Ulrich Schuler Chalathon Choocharoen Peter Elstner Andreas Neef Karl Stahr Mehdi Zarei Ludger Herrmann 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2006,169(3):444-452
For the development of sustainable land‐management systems in the highlands of N Thailand, detailed knowledge about soil distribution and soil properties is a prerequisite. Yet to date, there are hardly any detailed soil maps available on a watershed scale. In this study, soil maps on watershed level were evaluated with regard to their suitability for agricultural land‐use planning. In addition to common scientific methods (as underlying the WRB classification), participatory methods were used to exploit local knowledge about soils and to document it in a “Local Soil Map”. Where the WRB classification identified eight soil units, the farmers distinguished only five on the basis of soil color and “hardness”. The “Local Soil Map” shows little resemblance with the detailed, patchy pattern of the WRB‐based soil map. On the contrary, the “Local Soil Map” is fairly similar to the petrographic map suggesting that soil color is directly related to parent material. The farmers' perception about soil fertility and soil suitability for cropping could be confirmed by analytical data. We conclude that integrating local soil knowledge, petrographic information, and knowledge of local cropping practices allows for a rapid compilation of information for land‐evaluation purposes at watershed level. It is the most efficient way to build a base for regional land‐use planning. 相似文献
5.
Soil science contributions towards Sustainable Development Goals and their implementation: linking soil functions with ecosystem services 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Johan Bouma 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2014,177(2):111-120
The United Nations effort to define Sustainable Development Goals (SDG's), emphasizing local goals and capacity building, offers a unique opportunity for soil science to demonstrate the role it can play when focusing on these goals. Several strategic reports have presented key issues for sustainable development: food security, freshwater and energy availability, climate change and biodiversity loss are issues most frequently being listed, not soil degradation. Focusing on soil contributions towards interdisciplinary studies of these key issues, rather than emphasizing soils by themselves, is therefore bound to be more effective for the soil science profession. But this is still inadequate when studying land‐related SDG's, requiring a broader ecosystem approach that can be achieved by a direct link between soil functions and corresponding ecosystem services. Thus, the key issues are not considered separately but linked as part of a dynamic ecosystem characterization following a narrative as is demonstrated for food security, that can be well addressed by precision agriculture. As all key issues and at least five of the ten SDG's are directly land‐related, soil science can potentially play an important role in the suggested interdisciplinary studies. But in addition, the current information society with knowledgeable stakeholders requires innovative and interactive transdisciplinary scientific approaches by not only focusing on knowledge generation but also on co‐learning with stakeholders and, important, on implementation. The soil science discipline can become more effective in the transdisciplinary context by: (1) reconnecting the knowledge chain, linking tacit with scientific knowledge both ways, (2) simplifying soil terminology, (3) learning to deal with “wicked” environmental problems for which no single solutions exist but only a series of alternative options for action, balancing economic, social and environmental considerations, (4) educating “knowledge brokers”, linking science with society in land‐related issues, acting within a “Community of Scientific Practice”, and (5) modernizing soil science curricula. Transdisciplinary approaches are crucial to achieve SDG's, linking science and society. There is a need for specific results on the ground illustrating with hard data the key role soils can play in realizing SDG's. 相似文献
6.
Ludger Herrmann 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2006,169(3):464-471
Soil is a public good that has important public functions. However, public knowledge about soils was rather scanty in Germany up until the mid 1990s. This article summarizes and comments on the developments that have taken place in Germany since then with regard to the four major dimensions of soil education—time, target groups, actors, and media. In summary, a wealth of initiatives was started (and has since vanished), leaving behind a number of remarkable results like internet and e‐learning sites, exhibitions, and science trails. Meanwhile, intellectual results have also become visible, with most citizens now being able to respond to questions on what soil and its functions are and how they are endangered. Progress is still lacking, however, in education—a minimum of soil science knowledge is still not sufficiently anchored in official school curricula, and institutions for this task are not in place. Finally, it is strongly urged to use the opportunity that soil protection has recently been on the agenda of the European Union in order to develop international perspectives for soil education, especially in the field of e‐learning. 相似文献
7.
For twenty‐one years, soil information and knowledge in Victoria, Australia has been shared via the Victorian Resources Online (VRO) website. VRO has been the primary online repository for soil and landscape information generated from land resource assessment studies, field days, training workshops, and the visualization and animation of soil and landscape processes. User surveys and qualitative feedback have highlighted the value of online soil information to users, with many considering it a useful “tool of trade,” particularly those involved in agricultural research, extension, planning and education. An extensive series of “Healthy Soils” training workshops (2007–2010) focused on topics such as “soil types and structure,” “soil chemical testing,” “soil biology,” “soil erosion” and “organic matter.” Evaluation has demonstrated their usefulness and relevance, with learning outcomes achieved by >80% of overall participants, many of whom planned to make better management decisions and change management practices on‐farm. The information and knowledge generated through the series of workshops remains a valuable online resource. The development of more sophisticated knowledge visualization tools, such as animations, has broadened the potential audience for soil‐related information. Analytical profiling of VRO users in recent years has highlighted it as a source of information and knowledge for a local, national and international audience. This supports the notion that increasing access to public‐sector data and information provides significant benefits. Lessons learnt from enduring programs such as VRO can inform future information and knowledge management initiatives. 相似文献
8.
In traditional rural societies that still represent the majority of small farmers worldwide, the use of conventional soil survey information frequently fails because it does not take into account or underestimates soil knowledge and experience of local people. Innovative approaches have been proposed to utilize the soil knowledge of rural communities through the participation of local farmers. This paper reports experience of participatory soil survey in the Purhépecha community of San Francisco Pichátaro in the volcanic highlands of central Mexico. Ethnographic and ethnopedologic techniques were applied to acquire soil and land data. Local soil knowledge was incorporated through plenary workshops designed to produce a participatory soil map based on a Purhépecha soil classification. This soil map reflects farmers’ soil–landscape understanding and correlates fairly well with a scientific soil map of the same area because in both approaches terrain plays a key role in the delineation of soil units. Participatory soil mapping promoted cooperation between local and external participants and formed the basis for an agreed land‐use plan. 相似文献
9.
Encouraging the uptake of sustainable soil management practices often requires on‐farm experiential learning and adaptation over a sustained period, rather than the traditional knowledge transfer processes of identifying a problem and implementing a solution. Farmer‐to‐farmer learning networks are emerging with farmers experimenting and sharing knowledge about these practices amongst themselves. One potential communication channel for such interaction and knowledge sharing is social media and Twitter in particular. A content analysis of a Twitter account for an EU research project, SoilCare, and in‐depth qualitative interviews with five farmers using Twitter, was used to illustrate the extent and type of farmer‐to‐farmer knowledge sharing in relation to sustainable soil management practices. Evidence of farmer learning and knowledge sharing on Twitter with respect to these practices was identified. Twitter can capture the immediacy of the field operations and visual impacts in the field. Furthermore, the brief messages channelled through Twitter appeal to time‐constrained farmers. The ability for interaction around particular hashtags in Twitter is developing virtual networks of practice in relation to sustainable soil management. Within these networks, farmer champions are emerging that are respected by other farmers. Twitter works best for those actively seeking information, rather than passive recipients of new knowledge. Therefore, its use with other forms of face‐to‐face interaction as part of a blended learning approach is recommended. Twitter also offers a potential space for other actors, such as researchers and advisers, to interact and share knowledge with farmers. 相似文献
10.
Effective extension of soil research builds landholder capacity to manage soils productively and sustainably. Government‐funded extension programmes also aim to improve the state of the environment through efficient use of resources and mitigating or preventing further land degradation. To these ends, a soil extension programme aimed at farmers in south‐eastern Australia was conducted during 2005–2008. The programme was designed to equip landholders with the knowledge, skills and confidence to diagnose and address soil constraints, as well as compile spatial information on soil properties. The programme involved four workshops that covered agricultural productivity, soil management and potential off‐site impacts. Workshops were held on‐farm and involved discussion, theory supported with practical exercises, and field visits. More than 1,400 participants were provided with subsidized soil tests to encourage soil monitoring and underpin the workshop theory on land capability and soil constraints (e.g., soil acidity, sodicity, salinity, nutrient decline and toxicities). Prior to the course, most participants did not regularly soil test so training on monitoring protocols was provided. The soil data indicated considerable phosphorus deficiencies, low organic carbon levels, and acidity across both cropping and pasture systems. Participant knowledge and land management intentions were tracked throughout the workshop series using surveys. The surveys identified a positive shift in the knowledge, understanding and confidence of most participants. However, a follow‐up survey 10 years later indicated that these changes may not have been broadly sustained. Based on our study, we recommend continued engagement of landholders along a learning pathway to maximize investment in soil extension. 相似文献
11.
Anna Krzywoszynska 《Soil Use and Management》2019,35(1):160-168
Social learning is gaining popularity as a tool for understanding and designing interactions between experts and farming communities to enhance the uptake of sustainable and innovative farming practices. To date, the literature has mainly focused on the technical role scientists and researchers play in social learning, as sources of or co‐producers of knowledge. Social learning, however, implies a dynamic between the creation of knowledge (what can be done) and the creation of meaning (what is considered worth doing). This paper addresses this research gap by exploring the roles that “expert” actors and their narratives perform in meaning‐creation. I argue that a sustainable soil management community of practice is emerging in England and discuss the dynamics of farmer participation in this community. I further argue that members of this community use scientific “experts” and narratives to inspire, justify and legitimise sustainable soil management as a valid way of being a “good farmer.” This paper thus stresses the role that scientific or “expert” actors and narratives play in communities of practice as contributors to meaning‐creation inherent to social learning. How soil degradation will be addressed is as much a technical question, a question of what can be done, as a question of meaning, a question of what land managers consider worthwhile doing. The scientific community thus needs to work with the farming community not only to co‐produce technical solutions, but also to co‐produce shared visions of agrarian futures which put soils at their heart. 相似文献
12.
The concept of soil health has been extensively reviewed in the scientific literature, but there is only patchy and inconsistent information available to farmers and growers who are concerned about the declining condition of their soils and are looking for appropriate test methods and management interventions to help reverse it. Although there are well‐established laboratory methods for soil chemical analysis, and a range of laboratory and field methods for measuring soil physical properties, only now are methods starting to emerge for soil biological analysis. This study provides an overview of the methods that are currently available commercially (or are close to commercialization) for farmers and growers in the UK. We examine the science underpinning the methods, the value of the information provided and how farmers and advisors can use results from such assessments for informed decision‐making in relation to soil management. 相似文献
13.
Urs Schmidhalter 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2005,168(4):432-438
Crop management can be optimized and nitrogen (N) losses can be reduced with a better knowledge of soil‐nitrogen availability, especially if this information becomes directly available on‐site in a fast and cost‐effective way. In this paper, simple on‐farm methods to determine nitrate‐N in field‐moist soil samples immediately after sampling are described. The procedures include volumetric soil sampling, extraction based on manual shaking with tap water as universally available extractant, filtering soil/extractant mixtures on‐site, on‐site determination of the soil water content, and reflectometric nitrate measurements based on test strips. Using correction factors can compensate the impact of the temperature during the final nitrate measurement. An excellent agreement was found between the developed quick‐test procedures and the standard laboratory procedure. The proposed quick‐test has great potential to enable economical savings for farmers as well as benefiting the environment. 相似文献
14.
Xingchen Li Jianqin Zhang Lina Fan Xinzhi Li Huizhong Jiang Nan Lu 《Soil Use and Management》2023,39(3):1036-1039
The decommissioning and overall relocation of urban industrial enterprises have generated a large number of decommissioned contaminated sites, and the leftover soil pollution is gradually becoming a major problem that restricts urban green development and damages human health. Deep mining and efficient management of site soil pollution information through digitization and informatization are needed to solve these problems more accurately and efficiently. Knowledge mapping for visual analysis of relevant pathways is a forward-looking approach in soil contamination management that does not require complex testing instruments, thus saving research manpower, time and cost. Data associated with contaminated sites come from a wide range of sources and have different structures. Through the natural language processing technology of computer, suitable methods such as entity recognition, relationship recognition and knowledge fusion are selected to extract various types of information from contaminated sites and establish semantic networks for fast targeting of soil contamination sources, thus providing a more convenient solution. In this paper, we propose a knowledge graph construction method for multi-source heterogeneous data of contaminated sites, find sulphide contamination sources through visual analysis of knowledge graph and explore the application prospects of natural language processing techniques such as knowledge graph in contaminated site management. 相似文献
15.
A. E. Hartemink 《Soil Use and Management》2008,24(4):327-330
In the 1990s and early 2000s, there was widespread pessimism on the status of soil science in most parts of the world. This was mainly due to dwindling research budgets, reduced number of students and the overall perception that soil science and pedology were dead and buried. Renewed interest in agriculture for food, feed and fuel has brought soils back onto the global research agenda. Soil erosion, nutrient depletion and pollution are key issues brought up in many recent reports by UN and other international organizations. The need for up‐to‐date and fine resolution soil information and the revival of soil research is highlighted and prioritized in several studies. There is increased interest in soils in the popular press and media, and soils have entered the policy arena. For the global soil science community, there are challenges ahead and there is a direct need to educate a new generation of soil scientists. 相似文献
16.
Farmer knowledge,perception and management of soils in the Las Vegas agricultural district,Madrid, Spain 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 C. Barbero‐Sierra M. J. Marques M. Ruíz‐Pérez R. Bienes J. L. Cruz‐Maceín 《Soil Use and Management》2016,32(3):446-454
A sample group of 119 farmers from a semi‐arid district of Madrid was interviewed to determine the knowledge of individuals about soil conservation and management. Farmers commonly identify physical factors in the landscape that are visually recognizable and those chemical factors that clearly affect productivity. Often, factors, such as salinity or pH that require laboratory analysis, are less readily identified. Farmer knowledge of soils is influenced by their main source of income, gender, education and age. Although there is a high degree of correspondence between scientific and traditional knowledge of soil, some gaps have been identified, notably those related to erosion. Key steps identified for promoting the adoption of sustainable soil management practices to farmers were as follows: involvement of public institutions, the need for increased agricultural prices and an improvement in training and public awareness. Farmers were aware of their own limitations and demanded capacity building, technical and policy support. 相似文献
17.
18.
Data and information about farmers' perceptions of soil degradation were collected using household survey, focus group discussion and field observations. The results indicate that farmers in the Sidama zone of southern Ethiopia are able to identify soil erosion and fertility loss indicators, take a holistic view of soil degradation and have a broad knowledge of the reasons for soil degradation. They perceive soil degradation mainly by reduced yields, soil changing in appearance and becoming stoney or coarse. The most frequently mentioned soil erosion indicator was soil becoming coarse and stony, followed by rill formation, dissection of fields and gullies and topsoil removal. The most important perceived indicator of soil fertility loss was reduced crop yield, followed by poor crop performance and yellowing of the crop. Farmers also have knowledge of solutions; however, participation in soil conservation activities is minimal because of the immediate threat of food insecurity. Any programme designed to address soil degradation in the region will have to be cognisant of farmers' knowledge and holistic view of soil degradation, and be integrated with aid measures to guarantee food security. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
Understanding of the soil resource is pivotal to our ability to use, manage and modify soils effectively and responsibly. Yet those who make the most decisions concerning soil use and management – farmers and landholders – rarely have access to reliable soil information at scales suitable for farm decision making. By default, many rely on limited local soil knowledge when making decisions that determine farm performance and environmental impact. Providing detailed nationwide soil information that is appropriate for farm decision making is feasible, as demonstrated by the achievements of several European countries and the USA. For New Zealand, a stratified programme at scales of 1:10 000 for versatile land; 1:25 000 for other agricultural land; and 1:50 000 for non‐domesticated land, would cost NZD $280 million, or NZD $11.2 million per year if spread over the useful life of the information. This investment is small relative to the economic value of agriculture, and necessary if New Zealand is to make meaningful advances in reducing current agri‐environmental trends. 相似文献
20.
Abstract. This article explores the question of how scientific information can improve local agronomic management using concepts of uncertainty classification and uncertainty management. Information and data on local management of soil fertility based on a local classification system of soil quality were collected from a small watershed in Cauca (Colombia). The analyses suggest that farmers hold local knowledge about soils at two levels. The first is based on empirical observations and refers to local knowledge about soils and landscape, which shows that the classes identified in the local soil quality classification are consistent with results obtained using measured soil parameters. At the second level, farmers have some awareness of ecological processes and the appropriate use of relationships between key soil characteristics and management options. It is argued that local knowledge is not sufficient to cope with uncertainty introduced by a rapidly changing agriculture, including, for example, increasing land pressure, unpredictable market forces and climate change. We have suggested how scientific knowledge can contribute to the solution, based on an analysis that relates Cohen's ( Heuristic reasoning about uncertainty: an artificial intelligence approach . Pitman London, 1985) and Rowe's ( Risk Analysis 14, 743–750, 1994) uncertainty concepts to local knowledge. 相似文献