农牧交错区保护性耕作对土壤含水量和温度的影响   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

常旭虹  赵广才  孟祥云  杨丽珍  皮福忠  毕玉强  刘秀全 《土壤》2006,38(3):328-332

试验比较了保护性耕作与常规翻耕处理土壤的含水量和温度。结果表明,保护性耕作土壤含水量比常规翻耕处理有所增加,整个生长季表现为:秸秆覆盖>留茬>常规翻耕;0-40 cm土层,随着土壤深度的增加含水量逐渐增加,其中留茬处理较常规翻耕处理增加11．8 g／kg,秸秆覆盖较常规翻耕处理增加23．2 g/kg。地温的变化规律表现为玉米大喇叭口期以前保护性耕作各土层地温均低于常规翻耕处理,即常规翻耕>留茬>秸秆覆盖;0-20cm耕作层内,播种时留茬处理土壤温度比常规翻耕处理低0．5℃,秸秆覆盖处理比常规翻耕处理低6．6 ℃;出苗时,留茬处理的土壤温度较常规翻耕处理低0．8℃,秸秆覆盖处理较常规翻耕处理低413℃;大喇叭口期以后,各处理地温逐渐降低并趋于一致。保护性耕作土层的含水量增加,有利于作物生长;而早春地温低则不利于出苗,易对作物生长造成不利影响,两者有一定的补偿效果,有必要进一步深入研究以克服其早春地温低回升慢的缺点。  相似文献   

不同耕作方式对土壤水热变化的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭晓霞  刘景辉  张星杰  张向前  李立军  苏顺和 《中国土壤与肥料》2010,(5)

为了研究各免耕处理下土壤的水热变化,2005～2008年在黄河流域清水河县对玉米进行了5种不同耕作方式的试验研究。结果表明,土壤含水量、温度在5种不同耕作方式下均达到了显著(p0.05)或极显著(p0.01)差异。①三年间在0～10 cm土层,整个生育期内留高茬覆盖、留低茬覆盖、留高茬、留低茬处理的平均土壤含水量分别较常规耕作增加了29.92%、26.23%、17.30%、13.95%。在0～40 cm土层,留茬覆盖处理能有效地抑制土壤水分蒸发,提高作物的水分利用率。在80～100 cm土层,土壤含水量达到最大值。土壤水分变化主要受季节影响,随秸秆覆盖和降雨量的变化而变化。②土壤温度在5 cm土层变化幅度最大,留茬覆盖能有效地调节土壤温度,使土壤温度日变化平缓,且随土层深度的增加土壤温度的变化幅度减小。③不同耕作方式形成的土壤微环境为玉米的生长发育提供了更好的基础,其中留茬覆盖处理效果最佳,由于水热状况良好,留茬覆盖下作物产量较高。  相似文献   

不同耕作制度下荒漠绿洲棉田土壤水分的时空变化     

吕双庆  郑德明  柳维杨  姜益娟 《水土保持通报》2009,29(1):51-55

通过田问试验研究了不同耕作制度荒漠绿洲棉田土壤水分的时空变化.结果表明,0-120 cm土层免耕覆盖土壤容积含水量最高,免耕留茬次之,传统耕作和耕作覆膜最低.0-20 cm土层,免耕覆盖和免耕留茬土壤含水量高于传统耕作和耕作覆膜,0-5 cm差异最大,但随着深度增加差异减小,20-120 cm差异不大.传统耕作、耕作覆膜、免耕留茬棉田表层与底层土壤水分梯度明显,免耕覆盖不明显.头水前不同耕作方式棉田0-120 cm土壤含水量都随时间延长逐渐降低,前期免耕覆盖和免耕留茬与传统耕作和耕作覆膜差异较大,后期差异变小;头水后,免耕覆盖、免耕留茬高于耕作棉田.免耕覆盖和耕作覆膜棉田表层土壤水分状况比较稳定,免耕留茬和传统耕作变化幅度较大.  相似文献   

免耕留茬覆盖对旱作燕麦土壤养分及微生物量的影响     

王润莲  张志栋  刘景辉  刘慧军  刘金泉  武俊英 《水土保持学报》2016,(4):183-187,193

以旱作燕麦田为试验对象,设置免耕高留茬高覆盖、免耕低留茬高覆盖、免耕高留茬低覆盖、免耕低留茬低覆盖和常规耕作5个处理,研究了免耕留茬覆盖对土壤养分、微生物量及燕麦产量的影响。结果表明,免耕留茬覆盖各处理均能明显提高土壤0—10cm和10—20cm土层中土壤有机质、全量养分及速效养分含量,0—10cm土层各土壤养分含量均高于10—20cm土层;免耕留茬覆盖对土壤微生物碳、氮具有显著的提高作用,整个生育期抽穗期达到最大值,0—10cm土层土壤微生物量碳、氮均大于10—20cm土层,其中免耕高留茬高覆盖处理效果最佳;免耕留茬覆盖对0—10cm和10—20cm土壤微生物商有显著提高作用,免耕留茬覆盖处理间差异不显著;免耕留茬覆盖对燕麦产量影响显著,其中高留茬高覆盖处理产量最高,为2 111.4kg/hm~2,较常规耕作增产18.6%,产量总体表现为免耕高留茬高覆盖免耕低留茬高覆盖免耕高留茬低覆盖免耕低留茬低覆盖常规耕作。  相似文献   

免耕轮作对旱作区土壤水热动态及速效养分含量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

戴云仙  张向前  郭晓霞  杨彦明  王林  刘景辉 《中国土壤与肥料》2016,(6):14-20

免耕轮作对土壤性质有明显改善作用。在免耕秸秆覆盖基础上进行燕麦、玉米、大豆3种作物轮作2个周期的试验研究。结果表明,免耕秸秆覆盖结合不同作物轮作能调节土壤水热环境,增加土壤速效养分含量。土壤贮水量在不同处理间总体表现为免耕留高茬覆盖(NHS)免耕留低茬覆盖(NLS)免耕留高茬(NH)免耕留低茬(NL)常规翻耕(T),3种轮作方式中均以燕麦-大豆-玉米方式最高。轮作2个周期后NHS、NLS、NH、NL分别较T土壤贮水量在作物苗期增加了16.24%、12.16%、8.75%、5.56%,可见免耕覆盖能明显提高土壤水分蓄储能力。土壤温度在0~5 cm土层受外界环境影响最大;免耕覆盖在低温时起"保温作用",能提高土壤温度1.4~2.4℃;高温时起"降温作用",能降低土壤温度1.8~3.4℃;秸秆覆盖后土壤温度日变化平缓。同时免耕结合轮作处理能不同程度增加土壤有机质及速效养分含量,说明免耕轮作在该地区能较大程度的改善土壤性质,为提高作物产量提供了基础和有效保证。  相似文献   

晋西北不同土地恢复管理措施下土壤物理性状分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘爽  王雅  刘海龙  张鸾 《植物营养与肥料学报》2019,25(2):235-244

【目的】晋西北丘陵风沙区由于受风蚀影响,土壤沙化十分严重,生态恢复是缓解此问题的主要措施之一。研究不同土地恢复管理措施旨在为提高晋西北黄土高原丘陵风沙区农田土壤质量及植被恢复提供理论依据。【方法】本研究以晋西北五寨县作为研究区,设置4种土地恢复措施:传统翻耕播种玉米(CTC)、免耕播种玉米(NTC)、免耕播种苜蓿(NTA)、撂荒地(WL)。通过野外和室内分析的方法,分析了0—50 cm土层土壤粒度组成、粒度参数和土壤质量含水量、土壤饱和持水量、毛管持水量。【结果】1)晋西北地区土壤主要以砂粒和粉粒为主。撂荒地砂粒含量最大,且随着深度的增加变化不明显;其它3种措施下的土壤表层砂粒含量均小于深层。不同土地恢复措施间粒度参数差异较大,翻耕分选较差,免耕玉米和免耕苜蓿属于分选中等到分选较好范围,表明翻耕地块土壤受到人为扰动较大,导致土壤偏细,其粉粒含量在0—50 cm土层变化范围为6.5%～15.3%,而免耕苜蓿和免耕玉米土壤环境相对较好。2) 4种土地恢复措施下表层0—40 cm的土壤容重均低于深层土壤,翻耕、免耕播种玉米和免耕播种苜蓿的土壤容重范围在1.10～1.50 g/cm^3之间,表现为WL>NTA>NTC>CTC,撂荒地土壤容重与其它三种处理措施的土壤容重差异显著(P <0.05),其他三种措施间差异不显著,40—50 cm土层四种土地恢复措施之间无显著差异;表层0—30 cm的土壤孔隙度以翻耕总孔隙度最大。翻耕地块土壤孔隙度显著高于其它三种恢复措施,其它三种恢复措施间无显著性差异,40—50 cm土层四种土地恢复措施之间无显著差异。3)不同土地恢复措施之间土壤质量含水量、饱和持水量和毛管持水量存在较大差异,翻耕地块表层0—20 cm土壤毛管持水量显著高于其它三种恢复措施;免耕苜蓿和免耕玉米地块毛管持水量无显著差异,两者均显著高于撂荒地,20—30 cm土层免耕苜蓿地块显著低于翻耕和撂荒地,30—40 cm土层撂荒地与免耕玉米显著低于翻耕和免耕苜蓿,40—50 cm土层四种土地恢复措施之间无显著差异。4)土壤毛管持水量和饱和持水量与毛管孔隙度和非毛管孔隙无显著相关关系,与总孔隙度呈显著正相关关系。土壤质量含水量和毛管持水量与粘粒含量无显著相关;与砂粒含量呈极显著负相关,相关系数分别为–0.619和–0.474;与粉粒含量呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.639和0.584。【结论】晋西北丘陵风沙区翻耕、免耕玉米和免耕苜蓿三种土地恢复措施都不同程度地降低了表层土壤砂粒含量,提高了土壤孔隙度,降低了土壤容重,改善了土壤的保水和供水能力,7年常规耕种和免耕种植作物都显著改善了土壤的物理性状,有助于生态的恢复和提高土壤的生产力。因此,在晋西北地区不提倡土地撂荒。  相似文献   

残茬覆盖与耕作方式对土壤性状及夏玉米水分利用效率的影响   总被引：65，自引：16，他引：49  

付国占  李潮海  王俊忠  王振林  曹鸿鸣  焦念元  陈明灿 《农业工程学报》2005,21(1):52-56

采用田间和小面积模拟降水试验的方法,对小麦机械收获后残茬覆盖与不覆盖两种条件下免耕、翻耕和间隔深松3种土壤耕作方式夏玉米田的土壤物理性状和水分利用效率进行了研究。结果表明,残茬覆盖与深松相结合,可平衡和改善耕层土壤温度状况,在土壤温度较低时具有保温作用,在土壤温度较高时具有降温作用;可以增加土壤的蓄水和保水能力,模拟降水后24 h测定1 m土层含水量比免耕不盖多26.1 mm,全生育期平均耕层土壤含水量比免耕不覆盖高9.37%;土壤通透性也得到改善;最终水分利用效率比免耕不盖提高25.26%。  相似文献   

科学耕作与留茬改良小麦-玉米两熟农田土壤物理性状及增产效果   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

赵红香  迟淑筠  宁堂原  田慎重  王丙文  李增嘉 《农业工程学报》2013,29(9):113-122

为了探讨不同覆盖耕作方式对农田土壤物理性状及作物产量的影响,该试验研究了免耕、常规2种耕作方式和4种留茬高度的玉米秸秆还田处理,对麦-玉两熟农田土壤含水率、容重、孔隙度以及作物产量的影响。结果表明:在0～40cm土层内,秸秆还田的集雨和保水效果显著,免耕留茬0.5m还田处理的含水率比免耕无覆盖处理增加了15.95%。秸秆还田量对0～40cm内土壤贮水量的影响不同。耕作措施显著影响了土壤容重,小麦播种前常规留茬1m还田、常规全量还田处理容重低至1.0g/cm3左右。秸秆还田能增加土壤总孔隙度、降低毛管与非毛管孔隙度的比值。单一免耕处理降低了作物产量,而免耕覆盖能增产,其留茬1m还田处理比无还田处理增产22.44%,比常规留茬0.5m还田处理高3.64%。因此,免耕留茬1m还田处理在改善农田土壤物理性状和增加作物产量方面显著,该研究可为农田管理过程中耕作措施和秸秆还田量的选择提供参考依据。  相似文献   

绿洲灌区玉米农田土壤团聚体组成及其稳定性对绿肥还田方式的响应     

《中国生态农业学报》2021,(7)

针对西北绿洲灌区禾本科作物长期连作造成土壤质量下降问题,研究了不同绿肥还田利用方式对土壤团聚体组成、稳定性及土壤容重的影响。试验设绿肥覆盖免耕(NTG)、绿肥全量翻压(TG)、地上部移除根茬覆盖免耕(NT)、地上部移除根茬翻压(T)以及传统翻耕不复种绿肥(CT,对照)5个处理。两年结果表明,与CT相比, 4种还田利用方式均可提升0～30 cm各土层土壤大团聚体含量、平均重量直径、几何平均直径与平均质量比表面积(P0.05);与其他3种还田利用方式相比, NTG增幅最为显著。与CT相比, 4种还田利用方式均可降低各土层团聚体分形维数(P0.05); NTG处理和NT处理显著低于TG处理与T处理;与NT处理相比, NTG处理0～20 cm土层差异不显著, 20～30 cm土层显著降低。与CT相比,翻压还田(TG和T)能够降低各土层土壤容重(P0.05), NT处理显著增加各土层土壤容重(P0.05), NTG处理仅在2019年0～10 cm和20～30 cm土层显著低于CT,其他不显著。相对于其他绿肥还田利用方式及传统翻耕不复种绿肥,麦后复种绿肥地表覆盖免耕是增加绿洲灌区农田0～30 cm土层土壤大团聚体形成及稳定性、降低土壤容重的适宜措施。  相似文献   

轮耕对土壤物理性状和冬小麦产量的影响   总被引：25，自引：12，他引：25  

孔凡磊  陈阜  张海林  黄光辉 《农业工程学报》2010,26(8):150-155

针对华北地区土壤连续单一耕作存在的主要问题,进行了土壤轮耕效应的研究。试验选择冬小麦夏玉米玉两熟区连续5 a免耕田,设置免耕、翻耕和旋耕3种轮耕处理（即免耕一免耕,免耕一翻耕和免耕一旋耕）,冬小麦播种前进行耕作处理。研究结果表明：多年免耕后进行土壤耕作（翻耕、旋耕）可以显著降低土壤体积质量;旋耕显著降低0～10 cm土壤体积质量,翻耕则降低0～20 cm体积质量;随时间变化各处理土壤体积质量差异逐渐降低。翻耕、旋耕均显著增加了0～10 cm土壤总孔隙,同时翻耕显著增加了10～20 cm土壤总孔隙;翻耕、旋耕显著提高了5～10 cm毛管孔隙。0～10 cm土壤饱和导水率表现为旋耕＞翻耕＞免耕,翻耕、旋耕在5%水平上显著高于免耕;10～20、20～30 cm土层均表现为翻耕＞旋耕＞免耕,且10～20 cm翻耕5%水平上显著高于免耕;饱和导水率与体积质量呈显著线性负相关。翻耕、旋耕有效穗数与免耕相比分别提高了24.1%、22.3%;冬小麦的实际产量表现为：旋耕＞翻耕＞免耕,翻耕、旋耕分别比免耕增产11.8%、16.9%。总之,长期免耕后进行土壤耕作有利于改善土壤物理性状,提高作物产量。  相似文献   

黄土塬区长期不同耕作、覆盖措施对表层土壤理化性状和玉米产量的影响   总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13  

潘雅文  樊军  郝明德  陈旭 《植物营养与肥料学报》2016,22(6):1558-1567

【目的】研究不同耕作、覆盖措施对土壤理化性质及对作物农艺性状的影响,为选择适合黄土高原沟壑区最佳耕作、覆盖措施提供参考。【方法】田间定位试验设置12个处理,分别为传统耕作、传统耕作+膜上种植、传统耕作+秸秆覆盖、传统耕作+膜侧种植、传统耕作+全膜覆盖、传统耕作+秸秆覆盖+地膜覆盖、隔年耕作、免耕、免耕+地膜覆盖、免耕+秸秆覆盖、免耕+生草覆盖、免耕+秸秆覆盖+地膜覆盖,每个处理3个重复。于2014年对已持续12年的不同耕作、覆盖措施土壤理化性质与农艺指标进行测定与分析。【结果】免耕处理降低了土壤容重,提高了土壤饱和导水率和4月下旬至10月上旬表层土壤含水量,降低了作物出苗期温度,降低了成熟期土壤全磷与速效磷含量,降低了株高、叶面积指数和产量。相反,地膜覆盖极显著增加了土壤容重(P < 0.01),显著降低了土壤饱和导水率(P < 0.05),降低了成熟期土壤有机质、全氮含量,有较为明显的保持和调节温度的作用,不同类型的地膜覆盖均能极显著提高玉米株高和叶面积指数进而提高产量(P < 0.01)。秸秆覆盖对土壤容重和含水量的影响与耕作方式有关,翻耕条件下,秸秆覆盖增加了土壤容重;免耕条件下,降低了土壤容重且均不显著。翻耕+秸秆覆盖土壤表层含水量最高;免耕+秸秆覆盖处理的土壤含水量最低。但秸秆覆盖下土壤有机质含量、全氮含量、作物株高、叶面积指数和产量与未覆盖时相比均有增加,影响皆达到显著水平(P < 0.05),且均有降低地表温度的作用。【结论】免耕虽有利于改良土壤物理性状,却较传统耕作降低了作物产量。免耕条件下秸秆+地膜处理显著提高作物产量和土壤全氮、有机质含量(P < 0.05),是免耕处理组中最优选择。不同类型的地膜覆盖均可显著提高作物产量(P < 0.05),而且秸秆+地膜双覆盖增产效果最显著,并显著提高土壤全氮、有机质含量,是黄土塬区最适宜的覆盖措施。  相似文献   

轮耕对渭北旱塬春玉米田土壤理化性状和产量的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李娟  李军  尚金霞  贾志宽 《中国生态农业学报》2012,20(7):867-873

为了揭示不同轮耕处理对渭北旱塬春玉米田土壤理化性状及春玉米产量的影响,于2008—2010年在陕西合阳设置了免耕深松免耕(NT/ST/NT)、深松翻耕深松(ST/CT/ST)、翻耕免耕翻耕(CT/NT/CT)、免耕免耕免耕(NT/NT/NT)、深松深松深松(ST/ST/ST)和翻耕翻耕翻耕(CT/CT/CT)6种轮耕模式,测定和分析了各轮耕处理下土壤容重、土壤养分与玉米产量差异。结果表明:(1)各轮耕处理降低了土壤容重,提高了土壤孔隙度,增加了田间持水量,且以NT/ST/NT处理效果最佳;与对照CT/CT/CT相比,NT/ST/NT处理0～20cm和20～40 cm土层土壤容重分别降低11.43%和9.79%,土壤孔隙度分别增加11.05%和9.87%。(2)NT/ST/NT处理对耕层0～20 cm土层土壤有机质和全氮含量影响显著(P<0.05),0～60 cm土层土壤有机质平均含量最高(10.36 g.kg 1),土壤全氮含量平均值比试验开始前和对照CT/CT/CT分别提高10.65%和4.31%;各耕作处理对0～20 cm土层土壤全氮和碱解氮含量影响较大,而对20～40 cm土层土壤有效磷和速效钾含量影响较大,保护性轮耕处理对土壤培肥效应显著(P<0.05)高于传统翻耕处理。(3)NT/ST/NT、ST/CT/ST、CT/NT/CT、NT/NT/NT和ST/ST/ST处理产量比对照CT/CT/CT处理分别增产22.42%、16.33%、3.77%、9.91%和14.18%(P<0.05),以NT/ST/NT处理春玉米增产率最高。  相似文献   

耕作方式对滨海盐渍土有机碳含量及团聚体特性的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

候晓静  杨劲松  赵曼  金雯晖  李芙荣  姚荣江  余世鹏  王相平 《土壤》2015,47(4):781-789

为探明不同耕作措施对滨海盐渍土耕层土壤有机碳含量和团聚体特征的影响,本研究在江苏省东台市滨海滩涂农田区开展田间试验,选择玉米-大麦的旱-旱轮作方式,采用传统翻耕、深翻、少耕和免耕4种耕作方式,分别对耕层土壤的有机碳含量、土壤体积质量(容重)、水稳性团聚体含量和稳定性进行测定。结果表明:与传统翻耕相比,免耕措施利于促进土壤有机碳的积累,免耕能使土壤有机碳含量增加18%~32%;少、免耕措施能使0~10 cm土层0.25 mm团聚体增加10%~31%,并且能显著增加0~20 cm土层土壤平均重量直径和几何平均直径值;团聚体中有机碳含量表现为,除0.25~0.5 mm团聚体外,在5 mm至0.5~1 mm粒径之间,粒径愈小,有机碳含量愈高。  相似文献   

Impact of tillage on maize rooting in a Cambisol and Luvisol in Switzerland   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Ruijun Qin  Peter Stamp  Walter Richner 《Soil & Tillage Research》2006,85(1-2):50-61

Soil conditions under no-tillage (NT) are often unfavorable for the growth of maize roots in comparison to conventional tillage (CT). In 1997 and 1999, the impacts of tillage on the morphology and spatial distribution of maize (Zea mays L.) roots at anthesis were investigated in a 5-year field trial at two sites (loamy silt and sandy loam soils) in the Swiss midlands. Four soil cores, perpendicular to the maize row, were taken to a depth of 100 cm in each plot; the root length density (RLD), the mean root diameter (MD), and the relative length per diameter-class distribution (LDD) of the roots were determined.

Roots were longer and thinner in 1999 than in 1997. The RLD was significantly higher and the MD was smaller on the loamy silt than on the sandy loam. The RLD and MD decreased with the distance from the plant row. Most of the maize roots, about 80% of the total root length, were in the layer from 0 to 40 cm, with maximum values from 5 to 10 cm; the thickest roots were in the soil layer from 10 to 50 cm. Significant differences in RLD with increasing distance from the row of plants were found in the top 30 cm.

Averaged over the whole soil profile, RLD was higher and MD was smaller under CT than under NT. The impact of tillage on RLD and MD interacted with spatial factors and years. Within the soil profile, RLD was significantly higher under NT than under CT at a depth of 5 cm, whereas it was higher under CT than under NT below 10 cm. Below 50 cm, there was no difference in RLD between the tillage systems. In a horizontal direction, MD was consistently higher in the row and lower in the mid-row under NT than under CT.

Our results show that differences in maize root growth between tillage systems, which were reported in previous studies, persist until anthesis. The accumulation of maize roots near the soil surface in NT suggests that subsurface-banding of starter fertilizer is a more efficient way of applying fertilizer (particularly immobile nutrients such as phosphorus) compared with broadcasting in order to supply sufficient nutrients for NT maize.  相似文献   

Budgets for root-derived C and litter-derived C: comparison between conventional tillage and no tillage soils     

《Soil biology & biochemistry》2001,33(7-8):1067-1075

Placement of plant residues in conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) soils affects organic matter accumulation and the organization of the associated soil food webs. Root-derived C inputs can be considerable and may also influence soil organic matter dynamics and soil food web organization. In order to differentiate and quantify C contributions from either roots or litter in CT and NT soils, a ¹⁴C tracer method was used.To follow root-derived C, maize plants growing in the field were ¹⁴C pulse-labeled, while the plant litter in those plots remained unlabeled. The ¹⁴C was measured in NT and CT soils for the different C pools (shoots, roots, soil, soil respiration, microbial biomass). Litter-derived C was followed by applying ¹⁴C labeled maize litter to plots which had previously grown unlabeled maize plants. The ¹⁴C pools measured for the litter-derived CT and NT plots included organic matter, microbial biomass, soil respiration, and soil organic C.Of the applied label in the root-derived C plots, 35–55, 6–8, 3, 1.6, and 0.4–2.4% was recovered in the shoots, roots, soil, cumulative soil respiration, and microbial biomass, respectively. The ¹⁴C recovered in these pools did not differ between CT and NT treatments, supporting the hypothesis that the rhizosphere microbial biomass in NT and CT may be similar in utilization of root-derived C. Root exudates were estimated to be 8–13% of the applied label. In litter-derived C plots, the percentage of applied label recovered in the particulate organic matter (3.2–82%), microbial biomass (4–6%), or cumulative soil respiration (12.5–14.7%) was the same for CT and NT soils. But the percentage of ¹⁴C recovered in CT soil organic C (18–69%) was higher than that in NT (12–43%), suggesting that particulate organic matter (POM) leaching and decomposition occurred at a higher rate in CT than in NT. Results indicate faster turnover of litter-derived C in the CT plots.  相似文献   

深松一体化播种对夏玉米农田土壤水热特征及微生物动态的影响   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

尹宝重  甄文超  马燕会 《中国生态农业学报》2015,23(3):285-293

为明确深松一体化播种下海河低平原区夏玉米农田土壤水热特性和微生物动态变化,于2012—2013年在河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所深州试验站,以玉米品种‘郑单958’为试验材料,设置夏玉米深松一体化播种和免耕播种两个处理,从玉米出苗开始,根据生育进程定期测定农田土壤水热特性和微生物状况。结果表明,深松一体化播种处理可提高土壤温度,并扩大温度日较差,玉米全生育期深松一体化播种处理比免耕播种处理土壤温度平均提高1.5%。免耕播种处理有利于表层土壤水分储蓄,而深松一体化播种处理有利于深层土壤水分储蓄。其中,在0~20 cm土层,免耕播种处理比深松一体化播种处理土壤含水量高17.5%;在40~100 cm土层,深松一体化播种处理比免耕播种处理含水量则提高9.2%。在0~40 cm土层中,深松一体化播种处理土壤中真菌数量、细菌数量、土壤微生物量碳和土壤有机碳含量2年平均分别增加26.8%、17.5%、23.5%和57.8%,均显著高于免耕播种处理;放线菌减少18.62%,显著低于免耕播种处理。整体来看,深松一体化播种可促进玉米农田真菌数量、细菌数量、土壤微生物量碳和土壤有机碳含量的增加,扩大土壤温度日较差,提高了土壤对水分的储蓄能力。这对改善海河低平原区夏玉米农田生产力,促进农田可持续利用,提高作物产量具有积极意义。  相似文献   

Tillage effects on soil aggregation,organic carbon fractions and grain yield in Eum‐Orthic Anthrosol of a winter wheat–maize double‐cropping system,Northwest China          下载免费PDF全文

Q. Ji  Y. Wang  X‐N. Chen  X‐D. Wang 《Soil Use and Management》2015,31(4):504-514

Conservation tillage has been applied in vast semi‐arid regions of the Guanzhong Plain, Northwest China. The tillage effects on soil aggregation, organic carbon (OC) stabilization and grain yield on this plain have not been fully elucidated. A 9‐year field experiment was established from 2002 on a silty clay loam soil (Eum‐Orthic Anthrosol) growing winter wheat–maize in a double‐cropping system. Six conservation tillage treatments were applied by different combinations of rotary tillage (RT), subsoiling (SS) and no‐till (NT), with or without finely chopped straw retention. Conventional tillage (CT) acted as the control. Results showed that in the surface (0–10 cm) soil, the proportion of water‐stable aggregates (WSA) <0.05 mm was 18% less while that for WSA >2 mm was 98% more under NT treatments compared with CT. Additionally, the oxidizable OC content in WSA 0.25–2 mm was 27% greater under NT treatments compared with CT. The OC stocks increased under SS by 17%, RT by 16% and NT by 15% relative to CT. Grain yield (wheat + maize) showed similar increasing trends in all the tillage treatments compared with CT. Both OC stocks and grain yield were larger in treatments with than without straw retentions. These results indicate that NT is beneficial for OC accumulation in WSA but is limited in its ability to improve soil structure in this region. SS plus straw retention (fine‐chopped or as a mulch) is an effective practice to improve soil structural stability, OC accumulation and soil productivity of Eum‐Orthic Anthrosols in Northwest China.  相似文献   

长期保护性耕作对土壤有机碳和玉米产量及水分利用的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王碧胜  蔡典雄  武雪萍  李景  梁国鹏  于维水  王相玲  杨毅宇  王小彬 《植物营养与肥料学报》2015,21(6):1455-1464

【目的】通过研究保护性耕作对旱地春玉米土壤有机碳(SOC)、产量及水分利用的影响,分析保护性耕作的增产机制,为旱作农田耕作技术应用提供理论和技术支持。【方法】采用2003~2013年连续11年的田间定位试验,设传统耕作(CT)、少耕(RT)和免耕(NT)3种耕作措施,分析土壤0-20 cm和20-40 cm土层有机碳含量、土壤0-20 cm含水量、作物耗水量、玉米产量和水分利用效率的年际变化和耕作处理间的差异,并对玉米产量与影响因素的相关性进行分析。【结果】1)保护性耕作能有效提高土壤有机碳含量,少耕、免耕处理0-20 cm土层有机碳含量11年平均值较传统耕作分别提高了11.2%和3.4%;至2013年少耕、免耕20-40 cm土层有机碳含量分别较传统耕作增加了5.53和3.29 g/kg;土壤0-20 cm有机碳储量净增加速率分别为C 0.365和0.754t/(hm2·a)。2)保护性耕作具有明显的增产效果,少耕产量最高,增产效果最好2003~2013年均产量为5.83t/hm~2,较传统耕作提高了14.7%;免耕次之,年均产量为5.39 t/hm~2,较传统耕作增产6.1%。3)各耕作处理玉米产量与土壤0-20 cm土层含水量之间存在显著的二次方程关系,与作物耗水量之间具有显著的乘幂方程关系。4)保护性耕作可以增加土壤水分减少玉米生育期内的耗水量,提高水分利用效率,其中免耕土壤0-20 cm土层水分含量最高2003-2013年平均含水量为15.2%,较传统耕作和少耕提高了1.90和1.66个百分点,且生育期耗水量最少2003~2013年均耗水量为403.5 mm,较传统耕作和少耕减少了16.1 mm和7.6 mm;少耕、免耕的水分利用效率较传统耕作分别提高了16.1%和10.2%,降水利用效率较传统耕作提高13.9%和5.8%。【结论】长期保护性耕作可以有效地提高土壤有机碳含量、增加土壤水分、减少作物耗水量,从而显著提高了玉米产量和水分利用效率,3种耕作措施中以少耕效果最好,免耕次之在旱作农田推广少、免耕保护性耕作措施是一种增产、节水的有效途径。  相似文献   

Effects of soil tillage,canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars and planting date on canola yield,and oil and some biological and physical properties of soil     

Hossein Torabi  Hasan Ali Naghdibadi  Hossein Omidi  Heshmat Amirshekari 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(2):175-188

Determination of different agronomical properties including soil-related parameters for enhanced canola (Brassica napus L.) production can be of great significance. Hence, the objectives were to determine the effects of different tillage systems, canola cultivars and different planting dates on: (i) canola yield and oil, and (ii) soil moisture and microbial carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Two field experiments were planned as split-plot experiments in three replicates. The main plots were different tillage systems including no-tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT), and the subplots were the combination of different canola cultivars (PF and Hyola 401) and different planting dates (PD): 8 and 23 September and 7 October. Soil moisture under CT and PF was significantly less than that of MT and NT, and Hyola 401, respectively. Carbon and N microbial biomass was the highest at NT and on the first PD. The tillage method and planting date also significantly affected canola yield, oil content and the amount, and the number of earthworms. We may conclude that although the amount of yield was the highest at CT, it may be more agronomically sustainable to plant canola under NT or MT earlier during the autumn growing season.  相似文献   

Changes in soil properties and soil solution nutrients due to conservation versus conventional tillage in Vertisols     

Beatriz Lozano-García  Luis Parras-Alcántara 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(10):1429-1444

Understanding of tillage effects on soil chemical properties and cations in soil solution dynamics is essential for making appropriate land-management decisions. Measurements were made after more than 25 years of different tillage treatments: conventional tillage (CT) and conservation tillage, which includes no-till (NT) and minimum tillage (MT). pH and bulk density did not show important changes but exchangeable cations and cations in soil solution were affected by depth and different tillage. The highest concentration of exchangeable Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ was found in NT, decreased in MT and the lowest concentration was found in CT (mean values were 26.0, 24.4 and 23.3 cmol_c kg^?1 for exchangeable Ca²⁺ and 4.2, 3.7 and 3.3 cmol_c kg^?1 for exchangeable Mg²⁺ in NT, MT and CT, respectively). In addition, the highest concentration of exchangeable Na⁺ was found in NT, decreased in CT and the lowest concentration was found in MT. However, the highest concentration of exchangeable K⁺ was found in MT. A significant depth effect was observed for cations in soil solution: Na⁺ increased with depth whereas K⁺ and Ca²⁺ decreased with depth. This study aims to demonstrate the effect of tillage on the distribution and concentration of certain chemical soil properties.  相似文献