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1.
以国家土壤质量安定观测实验站黄绵土区的农田长期定位试验为研究平台,研究长期施肥与覆膜对半干旱区马铃薯农田土壤团聚体分布及其有机碳含量的影响。结果表明:耕层土壤团聚体占比随着粒径的减小呈先降低后增加的变化趋势,团聚体有机碳含量随粒径减小呈增加趋势。施肥显著影响马铃薯农田土壤团聚体分布及有机碳含量。长期化肥与有机肥配施(NPK+OM)和单施有机肥(OM)较单施化肥(NPK)显著增加>0.25 mm团聚体含量(R0.25)和平均质量直径(MWD),显著提高大团聚体(>1 mm)对有机碳的贡献率。长期施用有机肥(NPK+OM和OM)较单施化肥(NPK)显著增加0～20 cm土层土壤团聚体有机碳储量,增幅达63.5%～82.8%。长期覆膜导致>2 mm粒径的大团聚体数量和MWD显著下降,覆膜与单施化肥(NPK)对团聚体有机碳含量及其储量影响不明显。综上所述,在西北黄土丘陵半干旱区和黄绵土质地条件下,长期化肥与有机肥配施(NPK+OM)或单用有机肥(OM)可显著提高耕层土壤大团聚体含量(R0.25)及其稳定性,促进新碳向大团聚体富集,增加团聚体有机碳储量,有利于农田土壤固碳。地膜覆盖影响土壤团聚体的分布和稳定性,但对团聚体有机碳影响不明显。 相似文献
2.
地下水位和长期施肥对红壤性水稻土有机碳矿化特征的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以1982年开始的长期定位试验红壤性水稻土为对象,采用室内模拟培养试验方法,对耕层土壤有机碳矿化特征进行分析,以探究两个地下水位(20 cm、80 cm)下,长期不同施肥处理(高量有机肥+化肥(2/3OM)、常量有机肥+化肥(1/3OM)、单施化肥(NPK))红壤性水稻土有机碳矿化特征和差异。结果表明,较高的地下水位促进土壤有机碳累积,提高了高量有机肥和常量有机肥处理的土壤有机碳矿化速率,且增加了其有机碳累积矿化量(C_t)及潜在可矿化有机碳量(C_0),但土壤有机碳累积矿化率在施用化肥的条件下表现为减少。长期不同施肥的红壤性水稻土土壤有机碳矿化特征在不同地下水位条件下变化明显,2个地下水位的土壤有机碳含量、土壤有机碳矿化速率及有机碳累积矿化量高低排序均表现为:2/3OM1/3OMNPK;20cm地下水位长期施用2/3OM和1/3OM土壤有机碳累积矿化率分别较NPK高出53.32%(P0.05)、15.44%,80 cm地下水位则分别低出5.56%、17.95%(P0.05);20 cm地下水位2/3OM和1/3OM处理的土壤潜在可矿化有机碳量(C_0)显著高于NPK处理,而80cm地下水位C_0表现为1/3OM处理显著低于NPK处理;地下水位对相同施肥处理土壤有机碳周转常数(k)影响不明显,而在同为80 cm的地下水位条件下,长期施用有机肥可显著提高k。因此,长期不同施肥对红壤性水稻土有机碳累积矿化率、潜在可矿化有机碳量及周转常数的影响在不同地下水位条件下发生变化。 相似文献
3.
长期施肥下石灰性潮土有机碳变化的DNDC模型预测 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
为探讨长期不同施肥条件下土壤有机碳的变化规律及DNDC模型的应用,利用封丘石灰性潮土不同施肥措施下的长期定位试验数据,选取CK、NPK、1/2NPK+1/2OM、OM4个处理,分析了15年来作物产量及土壤有机碳(SOC)的变化特征,并用DNDC模型预测了试验地近100年(2000~2099)的SOC变化趋势。结果表明,各施肥处理的多年产量平均值和对照处理差异显著;施用化肥(NPK和1/2NPK+1/2OM)处理和有机肥(OM)处理间也有显著差异;产量最高为NPK处理,达10811 kg/ha,CK处理最低,但1/2NPK+1/2OM处理产量与NPK处理无显著性差异。15年来土壤耕层(0—20cm)有机碳平均值,以OM处理最高,达到7.90 g/kg,显著高于1/2NPK+1/2OM、NPK处理;而CK处理仅为4.15 g/kg。从15年来有机碳的变化看出,CK处理略有下降,NPK处理较为平稳,而1/2NPK+1/2OM和OM处理呈现不断上升趋势,OM处理上升幅度较1/2NPK+1/2OM处理大。对试验地SOC变化趋势长期(100a)的模拟结果显示,与初始土壤SOC含量相比,100a后不施肥处理(CK)土壤有机碳含量下降了52%,化肥(NPK)处理土壤SOC含量较为稳定,而1/2NPK+1/2OM处理和OM处理土壤有机碳增加明显,大约25a后基本上稳定,100a后分别较2000年增加了24%和25%。从实测数据的分析和DNDC模型模拟分析可以看出,有机肥和化肥配施能获得较高作物产量,并能有效地增加土壤SOC含量,从而提高土壤的可持续利用能力。 相似文献
4.
长期施肥对水稻土碳氮矿化与团聚体稳定性的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
水稻土有机碳、氮矿化过程对水稻土质量和作物养分吸收具有重要的作用,但是它们对施肥措施的响应及其与土壤结构之间的关系尚不清楚。本研究基于红壤性水稻土长期施肥定位试验,分析了不施肥(CK)、施用常量化肥(NPK)、2倍化肥(NPK2)和常量化肥配施有机肥(NPKOM)等处理下水稻土碳氮矿化特征,并研究了其与土壤团聚体稳定性的关系。结果表明NPKOM处理显著提高了土壤有机碳和全氮含量(P0.05),而单施化肥处理(NPK2和NPK)则同CK处理没有显著差异。土壤有机碳矿化速率、累积矿化量和矿化率均为NPKOMNPK2NPKCK处理,其中NPKOM处理显著高于其他处理(P0.05),而后3个处理间没有显著差异。土壤氮矿化速率、累积矿化量和矿化率同土壤碳矿化的规律一致,NPKOM、NPK2和NPK处理累积矿化氮量较CK处理分别提高110.0%、29.4%和8.8%,矿化率分别提高110.8%、25.6%和13.0%。单施化肥处理(NPK和NPK2)的平均质量直径(MWD)分别降低了17.1%和15.5%,而NPKOM处理则增加了19.4%。相关分析表明,土壤碳氮矿化主要取决于土壤有机碳氮含量,而与土壤团聚体水稳定性无直接关系。在今后研究中,应重点分析土壤孔隙结构与有机碳氮周转的关系。 相似文献
5.
长期施肥对浙江稻田土壤团聚体及其有机碳分布的影响 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
以浙江省稻田长期定位试验站为依托,研究长期不同施肥措施对土壤团聚体及其有机碳分布的影响。研究结果表明,与不施肥对照(CK)相比,栏肥与化肥配施(NPKOM)、单施栏肥(OM)、秸秆与化肥配施(NPKRS)和单施秸秆(RS)处理均显著提高了2 mm和2~0.25 mm水稳定性大团聚体的含量和团聚体平均重量直径(p0.05),强化了团聚体对土壤有机碳的物理保护作用。此外,长期有机无机配施(NPKOM和NPKRS)处理显著提高了各个粒级团聚体中有机碳含量,并且显著增加水稳定性大团聚体有机碳的贡献率,而长期单施化肥和单施秸秆处理并未有效增加土壤总有机碳含量。不同施肥处理下,2~0.25 mm粒级团聚体有机碳占土壤总有机碳的34.2%~48.6%,是土壤有机碳的主要载体。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)技术对2~0.25 mm和0.053 mm团聚体进行结构表征,发现长期单施有机肥或者有机无机配施下芳香族C较CK提高29.9%~45.2%,较NPK处理提高22.3%~36.6%,提高了土壤有机碳的芳构化。在有机碳积累方面,施用有机肥,尤其是栏肥与化肥配施,同时强化了团聚体对有机碳的物理保护以及促进了化学抗性有机碳组分的积累,是加强稻田土壤有机碳库积累的合理施肥模式。 相似文献
6.
生物炭及秸秆长期施用对紫色土坡耕地土壤团聚体有机碳的影响 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
依托紫色土坡耕地长期施肥试验观测平台,研究生物炭、秸秆对紫色土坡耕地团聚体有机碳分布的影响。长期施肥试验处理包括不施肥(CK)、无机氮磷钾肥(NPK)、秸秆还田(RSD)、生物炭与无机氮磷钾配施(BCNPK)、秸秆与无机氮磷钾配施(RSDNPK)。利用湿筛法,进行土壤团聚体粒径分组,随后测定各粒径团聚体含量及其有机碳含量,并计算团聚体平均质量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)。结果表明,RSD、RSDNPK和BCNPK处理的表层SOC含量比CK处理增加43.1%～90.5%,SOC储量提高65.1%～74.3%,其中RSDNPK处理、BCNPK处理较NPK处理SOC显著增加25.2%～33.1%(P0.05), SOC储量显著提高23.2%～30.0%(P0.05)。团聚体MWD和GMD均为RSD处理RSDNPK处理BCNPK处理NPK处理CK处理; RSD处理0.25～2 mm的团聚体含量高达45.5%,较CK处理提高57.7%;秸秆和生物炭配施处理(RSDNPK处理和BCNPK处理)0.25～2mm的团聚体含量为41.3%～45.7%,而0.053mm粒径团聚体含量却降低54.1%～55.4%。NPK处理、RSD处理与CK处理的增长趋势相似,呈随团聚体粒径减小,团聚体有机碳含量先增大后减小,继而再增大的趋势;而RSDNPK、BCNPK处理则呈随粒径减小团聚体有机碳含量增加的趋势。生物炭和秸秆的施用能显著提升土壤有机碳含量,增强土壤结构稳定性,但生物碳的施用对提升土壤有机碳含量效果优于秸秆的施用,秸秆的施用对稳定土壤结构效果更优,因此生物炭和秸秆的施用可作为紫色土耕地土壤肥力维持和提升的有效管理措施。 相似文献
7.
长期施肥对黄棕壤细菌多样性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
8.
不同施肥处理对红壤性水稻土团聚体的分布及有机碳、氮含量的影响 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：12
土壤采自江西省红壤研究所历经22年的肥料定位试验地,各施肥处理为:不施肥(CK)、施N肥(N)、施P肥(P)、施K肥(K)、施N、P肥(NP)、施N、K肥(NK)、施N、P、K肥(NPK)、施双倍N、P、K肥(2NPK)、施N、P、K肥和有机肥(NPK OM).研究了不同施肥处理对水稻土团聚体分布的影响以及土壤有机C、N在各级团聚体上赋存的情况.研究结果表明:有机C、N主要分配在2～0.25 mm的大团聚体上,C/N比随着团聚体粒级的减少而降低;水稻土团聚体的形成与有机C(SOC)密切相关,表现出与“层次性“机制相符的现象;施P、K、NK肥和NPK OM显著提高大团聚体的含量和团聚体的稳定性;NPK OM也显著提高土壤有机C、N和各级团聚体上的有机C、N的含量. 相似文献
9.
团聚体的物理保护是土壤有机碳稳定的重要机制之一,团聚体的形成也必须依赖土壤中的有机碳。通过31年的长期定位试验,研究不同养分管理措施对土壤有机碳及团聚体稳定性的影响,探明土壤各粒级团聚体结合碳的分配状况,探讨土壤团聚体对有机碳的物理保护机制,为西北干旱区农田土壤碳优化管理提供依据。采集6个不同施肥措施的长期试验处理的土样,采用湿筛法对土壤团聚体组分和团聚体结合有机碳进行分离并测定,对土壤总有机碳、团聚体分布状况、团聚体结合有机碳等进行分析,并对土壤团聚体稳定和大团聚的周转进行评价。结果显示,长期施用有机肥的土壤有机碳含量达39.7 g·kg-1,比不施肥和秸秆还田分别提高了1.8、1.4倍。有机肥和秸秆还田均可提高土壤有机碳,而单独施化肥或撂荒土壤有机碳仅能维持平衡。除此之外,施用有机肥或秸秆还田,土壤大团聚体分别提高了246%和147%,显著提高了土壤团聚化程度,大团聚体的周转速率分别是不施肥的33%和53%,速率显著减缓(P<0.05),而且还可进一步提高土壤大团聚体,团聚体结合的有机碳向较为稳定的细颗粒态有机碳转化,更有利于有机碳的固定。单独施化肥或撂荒土壤有机碳维持平衡,土壤大团聚体密度和团聚体稳定性均比不施肥有显著提高,大团聚体的周转速率显著减缓。土壤有机碳含量较低时,粉粘粒有机碳含量占主要优势,而当土壤富含有机碳时,细颗粒有机碳含量占主要优势。综上所述,施用有机肥不但可以弥补因耕作的破坏导致的大团聚体下降,还可促进土壤大团聚体的形成,增强土壤团聚体稳定性,新增的有机碳首先与大团聚体结合,然后主要以细颗粒态有机碳固定,效果好于秸秆还田。长期单独施用化肥难以提高土壤有机碳、微团聚体包裹的有机碳和大团聚体中的细颗粒有机碳相对稳定,通过撂荒可减少对土壤的物理破坏,促进大团聚体的积累。 相似文献
10.
不同有机肥施用模式下黄壤稻田根际和非根际土壤有机碳的矿化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】研究长期施用有机肥对土壤有机碳矿化特征的影响,为提高土壤碳库稳定性和培肥土壤提供理论依据。【方法】贵阳黄壤肥力与肥效长期定位试验始于1994年,种植制度为单季水稻。2021年水稻收获后,选取不施肥(CK),平衡施用化肥(NPK),25%和50%有机肥氮替代化肥氮(0.25MNPK、0.5MNPK)和单施有机肥(M) 5个处理的水稻植株,用抖根法采集根际和非根际土壤样品,分析活性碳组分含量,以采集的土样进行室内培养试验,研究有机碳矿化特征。【结果】1)与NPK相比,3个有机肥处理的根际土壤有机碳(SOC)含量提升了26%～43%,非根际土壤SOC含量提高了24%～32%;根际土壤微生物量碳(MBC)含量提升了16%～31%,且比非根际土壤高148%;非根际土壤易氧化有机碳(LOC)含量显著提升了36%～75%;0.5MNPK处理非根际土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量显著提升了54%,且根际土壤的DOC含量平均高于非根际土壤10%。2)有机肥施用可明显增加黄壤稻田根际及非根际土壤有机碳矿化量,非根际土壤有机碳矿化量和矿化率分别高于根际土壤30%和33%;较CK和NPK处理,有机肥施用... 相似文献
11.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(6):367-375
Abstract Soil samples were obtained at 0–3, 3–6, 6–9 and 0–9 inch depths from experimental plots receiving five tillage treatments. Each of two samplers composited approximately six one‐inch cores from each plot. Soil samples were analyzed for acidity, P and K using routine analysis procedures in the University of Illinois Soil Testing Laboratory. Few significant differences were attributed to sampler and it was concluded that samplers using similar sampling techniques were obtaining soil samples from the same population. No significant differences in soil acidity at different depths were observed. The different tillage methods did significantly affect soil P at the 0–3 inch depth, but had no significant effect on soil P at deeper depths. Different tillage methods also significantly affected soil K values at different depths. 相似文献
12.
E. A. Mikhailova C. J. Post M. A. Schlautman J. M. Galbraith H. A. Zurqani 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(15):1826-1834
Soil textural information is an important component underlying other soil health indicators. Soil texture analysis is a common procedure, but it can be labor intensive and expensive. Soil texture data typically are available from the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database, which may be an option for determining soil health texture groups (SHTG). The SSURGO database provides soil texture information in the soil map unit (SMU) name, taxonomic class category (family), and detailed values (≤ 2 mm soil fraction) of percent sand, silt and clay by soil horizon. The objective of this study was to examine the possibility of using SSURGO data for SHTG at the 147-ha Cornell University Willsboro Research Farm in New York state as an alternative for soil texture data determined manually on collected soil core samples. Comparative results revealed that representative values for soil texture from the SSURGO database generally matched measured mean values for all SMUs. 相似文献
13.
土壤含水率与土壤碱度对土壤抗剪强度的影响 总被引：11，自引：11，他引：11
土壤含水率和土壤碱度是表征土壤物理化学性质的两个重要参数。通过室内三轴不固结不排水试验，研究了土壤含水率和土壤碱度对土壤抗剪强度的影响。试验处理采用5种土壤碱度(土壤可交换钠百分比ESP=0、5、10、20、40)和4种土壤质量含水率(0.05、0.10、0.20以及饱和含水率0.34)水平。试验结果显示，土壤黏聚力随着土壤含水率的增加基本上呈先增大后减小之趋势；当土壤含水率在0.10附近时黏聚力达到其最大值。土壤内摩擦角随着土壤含水率的增加而线性减小。土壤碱度对土壤黏聚力的影响机理较为复杂，其影响效果随土壤含水率的增加而减小；但土壤碱度对土壤内摩擦角的影响较小。土壤碱度对土壤抗剪强度的影响程度明显地小于土壤含水率对其的影响程度。 相似文献
14.
The interaction of soil microbes with their physical environment affects their abilities to respire, grow and divide. One of these environmental factors is the amount of moisture in the soil. The work we published almost 25 years ago showed that microbial respiration was linearly related to soil-water content and log-linearly related to water potential. The paper arose out of collaboration between two young researchers from different areas of soil science, physics and microbiology. The project was driven by not only our curiosity but also the freedom to operate without the constraints common to the current system of science management. The citation history shows three peaks, 1989, 1999 and from 2002 to the present day. Interestingly, the annual citation rate is as high as it has ever been. The initial peak is due to the application of the work to studies on microbial processes. The second peak is associated with the rise of simulation modelling and the third with the relevance of the findings to climate change research. In this article, our paper is re-evaluated in the light of subsequent studies that allow the principle of separation of variables to be tested. This re-evaluation lends further credence to the linear relationship proposed between soil respiration and water content. A scaled relationship for respiration and water content is presented. Lastly, further research is suggested and more recent work on the physics of gas transport discussed briefly. 相似文献
15.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):833-840
Abstract The design, dimensiors and materials for constructing volumetric soil measures for routine soil testing use are presented. Scoop calibration techniques are also described. Reproducibility of results obtained under routine laboratory, conditions are shown. The measures include volumes of 1.0‐, 2.5‐, 5.0‐ and 10‐ cm3 respectively. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(6):567-571
Abstract The design, materials and dimensions for constructing a coring device for sampling soil fauna and flora at different depths is described. 相似文献
17.
Microbial activity is affected by changes in the availability of soil moisture. We examined the relationship between microbial activity and water potential in a silt loam soil during four successive drying and rewetting cycles. Microbial activity was inferred from the rate of CO2 accumulating in a sealed flask containing the soil sample and the CO2 respired was measured using gas chromatography. Thermocouple hygrometry was used to monitor the water potential by burying a thermocouple in the soil sample in the flask. Initial treatment by drying on pressure plates brought samples of the test soil to six different water potentials in the range -0.005 to -1.5MPa. Water potential and soil respiration were simultaneously measured while these six soil samples slowly dried by evaporation and were remoistened four times. The results were consistent with a log-linear relationship between water potential and microbial activity as long as activity was not limited by substrate availability. This relationship appeared to hold for the range of water potentials from ?0.01 to ?8.5 MPa. Even at ?0.01 MPa (wet soil) a decrease in water potential from ?0.01 to ?0.02 MPa caused a 10% decrease in microbial activity. Rewetting the soil caused a large and rapid increase in the respiration rate. There was up to a 40-fold increase in microbial activity for a short period when the change in water potential following rewetting was greater than 5 MPa. Differences in microbial activity between the wetter and drier soil treatments following rewetting to the original water potentials are discussed in terms of the availability of energy substrate. 相似文献
18.
《CATENA》1998,32(1):15-22
Evaluation of various soil erosion models with large data sets have consistently shown that these models tend to over-predict soil erosion for small measured values, and under-predict soil erosion for larger measured values. This trend appears to be consistent regardless of whether the soil erosion value of interest is for individual storms, annual totals, or average annual soil losses, and regardless of whether the model is empirical or physically based. The hypothesis presented herein is that this phenomenon is not necessarily associated with bias in model predictions as a function of treatment, but rather with limitations in representing the random component of the measured data within treatments (i.e., between replicates) with a deterministic model. A simple example is presented, showing how even a `perfect' deterministic soil erosion model exhibits bias relative to small and large measured erosion rates. The concept is further tested and verified on a set of 3007 measured soil erosion data pairs from storms on natural rainfall and run-off plots using the best possible, unbiased, real-world model, i.e., the physical model represented by replicated plots. The results of this study indicate that the commonly observed bias, in erosion prediction models relative to over-prediction of small and under-prediction of large measured erosion rates on individual data points, is normal and expected if the model is accurately predicting erosion rates as a function of environmental conditions, i.e., treatments. 相似文献
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20.
在总结分析国内有关自然侵蚀量、容许土壤流失量研究成果的基础上,探讨自然侵蚀量与容许土壤流失量的关系,讨论制订水土流失治理标准的思路。认为水土流失治理标准的确定有3个参考值：1）标准值,即一定条件下的容许土壤流失量,是水土流失治理至少要达到的目标,且随着对不同土地利用类型的功能需求与可实施的最佳水土保持措施、以及所在水土流失类型区的侵蚀危害与治理约束条件的不同而不同;2）理想值,即正常自然侵蚀状态下的土壤流失量;3）极端值,即土壤流失量为0,不发生水土流失。水土流失治理应是先控制到现时生态环境与社会经济条件下的容许土壤流失量范围内,逐步达到自然正常侵蚀量或制止水土流失的发生;还应引入环境伦理、环境美学及景观设计等理念,最终实现土地的可持续利用、区域生态系统的健康稳定及人与自然的和谐友好发展。 相似文献