共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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基于高光谱指数估测马铃薯植株氮素浓度的敏感波段提取 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
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基于无人机可见光遥感的夏玉米氮素营养动态诊断参数研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
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区域水稻穗期叶片氮素的遥感估测初探 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
快速、无损、准确地监测水稻穗期氮素状况,对于诊断水稻生殖生长特征、提高氮肥运筹水平具有重要意义。本研究在浙江省海宁市晚稻试验点进行田间取样试验,并获取同时期CBERS-1遥感数据,分析了试验点晚稻穗期叶片氮素与CBERS-1影像冠层光谱信息之间的关系。结果表明,水稻穗期叶片氮素含量与同期CBERS-1影像的光谱信息NDVI之间有良好的相关性,可以建立水稻穗期叶片氮素含量反演的相关统计模型。但由于遥感影像特征与水稻穗期叶片氮素含量之间存在较复杂的非线性关系,因此统计模型反演精度不够理想。因而,又尝试运用BP人工神经网络方法来反演水稻穗期叶片氮素含量,发现BP人工神经网络模型具有很强的非线性拟合能力,与统计模型相比,其水稻穗期叶片氮素含量的反演精度有显著提高。由此表明,利用CBERS-1遥感影像可以对水稻穗期叶片氮素含量进行建模并反演,能够在较大的范围里估测水稻的氮素营养状况。 相似文献
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基于氮素营养指数的冬小麦籽粒蛋白质含量遥感反演 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于遥感实现小麦籽粒蛋白质含量提早估测对农业生产具有重要意义。为提高预测小麦籽粒蛋白质含量的准确度,该研究引入能更好反映作物氮素营养状况的农学参数－氮素营养指数,作为衔接遥感信息与产终籽粒蛋白质含量的桥梁。在田间试验的基础上,探讨氮素营养指数与其他农学参数在诊断籽粒蛋白质含量上的优劣,并基于“遥感参数－氮素营养指数－籽粒蛋白质含量”间关系,利用主成分回归算法构建估测籽粒蛋白质含量的遥感反演模型。结果表明,相比于其他参数,冬小麦旗叶期氮素营养指数能更好的反映产终籽粒蛋白质含量;以氮素营养指数为中间变量,所建遥感反演模型能准确预测小麦籽粒蛋白质含量,模型的预测决定系数为0.48,预测标准误差为0.38%,相对误差为2.32%。 相似文献
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数字图像诊断技术在冬小麦氮素营养诊断中的应用 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
本文应用数码相机获取冬小麦冠层图像并对其进行相应色彩参数处理, 结合土壤、植株快速测试技术, 分析了色彩参数与传统氮素营养参数之间的数量关系, 研究了应用数字图像技术进行冬小麦氮素营养诊断的可行性, 建立了应用数字图像技术诊断冬小麦氮素营养状况的图像获取方法, 筛选出了适宜于冬小麦氮素营养诊断的最佳色彩参数以及最佳诊断时期, 建立了冬小麦氮素营养诊断指标体系和推荐施肥方程。研究结果表明, 数字图像技术可以作为冬小麦氮素营养诊断的方法。数字图像获取时, 可将数码相机与冬小麦冠层呈30°~60°角度进行拍摄。在冬小麦拔节期和孕穗期多数冠层图像色彩参数与施氮量、叶片SPAD 值、植株硝酸盐浓度、植株全氮含量、0~90 cm 土壤硝态氮含量之间存在显著或极显著相关关系; 在众多色彩参数中, 拔节期冠层图像绿光标准化值G/(R+G+B)与各项氮素指标的相关性最好, 可作为冬小麦氮素营养诊断的最佳色彩参数指标;拔节期可作为应用数字图像技术进行氮素诊断的关键时期。 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(17):2086-2099
Optimum grain nitrogen (N) concentration and yield in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) can be problematic without proper N fertilizer management. Sensor-based technologies have been used for application of fertilizers and also to predict yield in wheat, although little has been done in the prediction of grain N. Field studies were conducted in South Dakota in 2006 (Gettysburg, Bath, and Cresbard) and 2007 (Gettysburg, Aurora, Leola, and Artas). There were five N treatments (0, 56, 112, 168, and 224 kg N ha?1) applied pre-plant with a second N application applied foliar at anthesis. Sensor readings were taken at growth stages Feekes 10, anthesis, and postfoliar application using the GreenSeeker Hand Held optical sensor. Grain samples were taken at maturity and analyzed for total N. Using similar information collected in 2003 and 2005, a critical normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) value was determined using the Cate–Nelson procedure. The critical NDVI value needed to ensure optimum grain N was 0.70. In 2006 and 2007, the plots that received an application of N at anthesis had higher grain N than the plots not receiving N. There was also a significant response between applied N and grain yield. The results show that with further studies, the Greenseeker could be used to apply N to maximize yield and grain N in a precise and accurate manner. 相似文献
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小麦——土壤系统氮肥转化利用的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
施用氮肥是提高小麦籽粒产量、改善品质的重要措施,但是不合理施氮会导致氮肥利用率的降低,氮肥损失的增加。本文综述了小麦-土壤系统中氮肥对土壤氮素转化和小麦氮素吸收利用的影响及氮素损失等方面的研究进展。 相似文献
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Jan U.H. Eitel Lee A. VierlingDan S. Long E. Raymond Hunt 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2011,151(10):1338-1345
In-season, spatially variable nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications in agricultural systems can help to maximize crop N use efficiency and minimize N losses via hydrological leaching, runoff, and atmospheric volatilization. N fertilizer management often relies upon measurements of crop spectral reflectance using ground-based optical on-the-go sensors or hand-held chlorophyll meters. However, soil background reflectance can confound on-the-go sensing, especially during early crop growth stages, and hand-held chlorophyll meters are impractical for spatially explicit mapping at the field scale. Scanning laser technology is available that measures the intensity of the reflected laser light plus height information within a mm-scale ground instantaneous field of view at a very high sampling rate (up to 50,000 points s−1 in this study). We examined the ability to quantify foliar N status of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using a green (532 nm) terrestrial laser scanner during an early stem extension growth stage (Zadoks growth stage 3.2). Laser data were processed by (1) removing soil background returns based on laser-determined height information, (2) standardizing green laser intensity based on white-reference panel readings, and (3) filtering noisy laser returns from leaf edges based on a laser return intensity threshold value. The return intensity of the reflected green laser light more accurately (r2 = 0.68, RMSE = 0.30 μg g−1) predicted foliar N concentration than conventional chlorophyll meter readings (r2 = 0.36, RMSE = 0.41 μg g−1) and spectral indices measured by a ground optical on-the-go sensor (r2 < 0.41, RMSE > 0.39 μg g−1). The results indicate that laser scanners are useful for measuring the N status of wheat during early growth stages, and provide justification for incorporating laser scanner based measurements into developing spatially-explicit estimates of foliar N during this critical growth period. Further research is needed to evaluate the operational practicality of a green scanning laser from a moving platform. 相似文献
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作物需氮的遥感测量及变量施肥技术 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
为了替代在作物播种前就决定施氮量的传统技术,提出了一种基于作物生长过程中根据作物及土壤状况来决定施肥量的氮肥管理系统。在作物刚发芽时,系统只供给少量的氮肥;在作物需要并能够吸收利用大量氮肥时,系统在最佳的时间和地点施加足量的氮肥。该文叙述了该系统中必不可少的两项技术:作物需氮遥感测试技术和变量施肥技术。专门研究了利用多光谱图像传感器的遥感技术,发现多光谱图像与叶绿素含量之间有密切联系。这说明可利用多光谱图像传感器的测试结果来描述玉米需氮的状况。另外,还开发了一种由脉宽调节管(PWM)、压力控制器、由电脑设定的喷嘴控制系统和基于含量分布图的应用软件组成的变量控制系统。这种变量控制系统包含25个能各自单独调节流量的18m覆盖宽的喷嘴。该文展示了该系统在伊利诺斯州和爱荷华州试验田中应用的研究结果。1998年,在伊利诺斯州和爱荷华州4块试验田中,玉米平均产量每公顷增长了1440kg。1999年,在爱荷华州的6块试验田,玉米平均每公顷产量增长了440kg。 相似文献
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基于红边位置的马铃薯植株氮浓度估测方法研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
【目的】高光谱遥感技术可以用于植被生长状况的监测和研究光谱与植被理化性质间的关系。红边位置是与作物氮素营养关系较为密切的光谱参数,常用于作物叶绿素或氮素的含量监测,监测参数以及数据的计算都影响着该方法的准确性和实用性。为此,本研究优化了红边位置方法的参数,比较了六种方法对所得马铃薯氮浓度预测数据的翻译的准确性和精确度。【方法】于2014—2016年在内蒙古阴山北麓,进行了三个马铃薯品种、不同施氮量的田间试验。在马铃薯苗期、块茎形成期、块茎膨大期、淀粉积累期和收获期,使用红边位置获取了马铃薯冠层反射光谱,采用六种方法计算了该数据翻译的马铃薯地上部氮浓度,并分别与实测值进行了相关性分析。【结果】马铃薯生育后期一阶导数光谱中双峰现象较为明显。不同生育时期中苗期由于受到噪声光谱的影响氮浓度,与红边位置相关性较差,块茎形成期至淀粉积累期的氮浓度与红边位置相关性较高,其中块茎膨大期相关性最高。最大一阶导数法和拉格朗日内插法所得红边位置无连续性;线性外推法所得红边位置变幅与标准差最高,最大分别可达到44.6和9.3;多项式拟合法次之,变幅和标准差分别为15.1和2.6;倒高斯拟合法和线性四点内插法的变幅和标准差较小。在六种方法所得红边位置与马铃薯地上部氮浓度的预测模型中,线性外推法决定系数最高(R^2=0.55),预测值与观测值相关性最好(R^2=0.44,RMSE=3.96 g/kg,RE=11.46%);倒高斯拟合法与多项式拟合法模型决定系数相近,R^2均在0.40左右,倒高斯拟合法对氮浓度的预测能力更高一些(R^2=0.31,RMSE=4.33 g/kg, RE=12.03%)。【结论】红边位置能够对块茎形成期至淀粉积累期的植株氮浓度进行诊断,花期红边位置有轻微的饱和现象,但并不影响整体的预测,在花期和块茎膨大期采集光谱时需要注意传感器与植物冠层的距离,保证采集数据的准确性。线性外推法是最适合马铃薯冠层光谱的红边位置计算方法,所得红边位置变幅大,对马铃薯地上部氮浓度的变化较为敏感,回归模型决定系数和预测精度也最高,而且对于高氮浓度处的饱和现象有较好的缓解作用。 相似文献
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Mats Söderström Kristin Piikki Maria Stenberg Henrik Stadig Johan Martinsson 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2017,67(7):637-650
Responsive fertilisation of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is often adopted, with N applied two or three times between the developmental stages of tillering and booting. Satellite-based decision support systems (DSS) providing vegetation index maps calculated from satellite data are available to aid farmers in adjusting the topdressing nitrogen (N) rate site-specifically to the current season and to variations in growth conditions within the field. One example is the freely available CropSAT DSS used in Scandinavia, which provides farmers with raster maps of the modified soil-adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI2) calculated mainly from data obtained from satellites Sentinel-2 (ESA, EU) and DMC (DMCii Ltd, Guildford, UK). This study investigated the possibility of calibrating MSAVI2 maps with data from handheld proximal sensor measurements of N uptake covering the main agricultural regions in Sweden during growth stages Z30-45 on the Zadok scale, in order to facilitate farmers’ decisions on N rate. More than 200 N-sensor measurements acquired during 2015 and 2016 in seven different winter wheat cultivars were combined with MSAVI2 values from CropSAT. It was found that N uptake could be predicted in a general, national model, i.e. for sites and dates other than those for which the calibration model was parameterised, with a mean absolute error of 11–15?kg?N?ha?1. A cultivar-specific model performed better than this general model, but a regional model showed no improvement compared with the model parameterised with national data. Vegetation indices calculated from the two narrow bands of Sentinel-2 in the red edge-near infrared region of the crop canopy reflectance spectrum proved to be promising alternatives to the broadband index MSAVI2. Based on the results, we suggest that data from a monitoring programme involving handheld N sensor measurements can be integrated with a satellite-based DSS to upscale N uptake information. 相似文献
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阐述了3S技术的原理及其在精准农业中的应用,采用差分GPS大大提高定位精度,应用归一化植被指数NDVI值对叶面积指数和植株含氮量进行监测,依GPS定位导航将田块按网格取样,经分析后生产施肥处方图已指导变量施肥。 相似文献
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中国稻田施氮技术研究进展 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
提高N肥利用率,加强稻田养分管理已经成为水稻生产中研究的热点。针对我国稻田N肥利用率低和N素损失严重的现状,综述了国内外提高稻田N肥利用率技术途径的研究进展,包括改进施肥方法(确定适宜施N量、N肥深施、前N后移、平衡施肥、有机与无机肥配施、水肥综合管理)、新型肥料的研制(硝化抑制剂、脲酶抑制剂、表面分子膜、缓控释肥)、计算机决策支持系统指导施肥和实时、实地N肥管理等。展望了今后需要加强研究的几方面工作。 相似文献