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1.
多花黑麦草杂交种SSR分子标记鉴定及表型比较分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
多花黑麦草为异花受粉植物,杂交过程中易出现杂交种生物性混杂现象,有必要对杂交后代进行真假鉴定分析.本研究旨在筛选出多花黑麦草优势杂交组合和优异杂交后代材料,为多花黑麦草杂交育种工作提供基础资料.实验利用SSR分子标记辅助鉴定5个多花黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum)骨干品种为亲本创制的杂种后代真实性,并对亲本与杂种后代主要表型进行比较.结果表明:(1)用20对引物组合共得到多态性条带426条,多态性位点百分率为82.41％,说明SSR分子标记能够很好的揭示多花黑麦草材料间的差异;(2)经SSR分子鉴定,将后代分为有父本特征谱带的杂种后代、无父本特征带的后代2类,在150个杂交后代单株中有父本特征谱带的杂种后代有108个为真杂种,其中杂交组合GC、CG真杂种最多均为24个,WG组合真杂种最少为19个;(3)杂交组合CG的F1代部分形态特征显著优于亲本,5个杂交组合内(间)在营养器官与生殖器官性状均存在显著差异,其中杂交组合MG的变异系数最高,WG的变异系数最低,杂交组合CG形态特征显著高于其他杂交组合.由研究结果可以初步判断长江2号×赣选一号多花黑麦草为优势杂交组合,其杂交种为优异杂交后代材料,可为后续杂交选育新品系提供后备材料. 相似文献
2.
花生品种间杂种F1代的SSR标记分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以花育22号和Sunoleic95R为亲本配置杂交组合,获得杂种F1,利用SSR引物对亲本和杂种F1各单株进行扩增,分析其带型,辨别真伪杂种,并对亲本和杂种F1各单株的农艺性状、品质进行调查测定。结果表明：5对引物PM50 、PM179、 PM15、PM384和PM348对亲本、杂种F1各单株的分析结果是一致的,15个杂种F1单株,8株表现为母本带型,是伪杂种;7株表现为杂合带型或父本带型,即真杂种。但5对引物的带型表现存在明显差异,PM50 、PM179、 PM15、PM384表现为双亲互补带型, PM348表现为偏父本型。农艺性状和品质性状分析表明真杂种与伪杂种的籽仁重、侧枝长、亚油酸含量、油酸含量差异大,主茎高、蛋白质含量、脂肪含量差异较小。证实利用SSR标记辨别栽培种花生真伪杂种是可行的。 相似文献
3.
通过组培快繁重点杂交组合(L9712-2×L0202-2)建立F脱毒群体,组培扩繁基因型126份,平均每份基因型生产原原种123粒,共生产15 490粒。经鉴定试验筛选F群体表现优异的基因型20份,田间表现薯形美观、芽眼浅,小区产量平均比对照品种陇薯6号(CK)高44.4%,淀粉含量平均比对照品种陇薯6号(CK)高2.6%。品系F80在2016年甘肃省马铃薯品种比较试验的16份参试品种(系)中表现优异,薯块性状表现良好,薯形椭圆,薯皮黄色、薯肉黄色,表皮光滑、芽眼浅;小区产量居16个参试品种(系)的第2位,比对照品种陇薯6号(CK)增产25.4%;薯块淀粉含量居16个参试品种(系)的第3位,比对照品种陇薯6号(CK)增加48.0%;薯块炸片评分居16个参试品种(系)的第4位,比对照品种陇薯6号(CK)高14.3%。 相似文献
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5.
用过氧化物酶同工酶和SSR标记鉴定中油杂12种子纯度 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
杂交种的纯度鉴定是油菜种子生产的重要环节。对甘蓝型油菜（BrassicanapusL.）杂交品种中油杂12及其父母本的过氧化物酶同工酶分析结果显示,父本和杂种F1比母本多一条迁移率（Rf）为0.41的条带,该特征条带可用来进行粗放杂种纯度鉴定,但是难以鉴定出父本杂株。选用173对SSR引物对中油杂12的亲本进行扩增,筛选出了6对扩增效果好的引物,其扩增条带清晰且亲本间的差异能够重复,其中P052、P130、P131和P154这4对SSR引物在杂种F1中可分别扩增出父母本的特征条带。在同一反应体系中同时加入P131和P154两对引物,发现扩增产物带型是单独采用这两对引物分别扩增时产物带型的叠加。对于混杂程度较高的种子,采用P131＋P154引物组合可以在工作量不变的条件下提高检测外来花粉的灵敏度,从而更加准确地鉴定中油杂12的种子纯度。对100份大田制种的中油杂12单株DNA分别用引物P131、P154以及引物组合P131＋P154进行SSR分析,鉴定结果完全一致,并且与田间鉴定结果非常接近。 相似文献
6.
为了建立一套快速可靠的油菜杂交种纯度的鉴定方法,本文以秦优10号及其亲本、杂种ZZH2为试验材料,对前人开发的2对SSR引物（7号引物,9号引物）进行了再次筛选。结果显示,7号引物不但能很好地区别出混入杂交种中的亲本,还能将杂交种子的同母异父组合种子从杂交种中分离出来,能够用于鉴别秦优10号杂交种子的真伪;9号引物能区分出杂交种和母本,但不能区分开杂交种和父本。同时,本试验利用人工制成的秦优10号杂交种标准样（纯度为100%）以及7份大田鉴定不同纯度梯度的杂交种子对7号引物鉴定结果的准确性进行了验证,鉴定结果与大田鉴定结果基本一致。本文结果将为鉴定秦优10号杂交种纯度提供更准确的技术资料。 相似文献
7.
通过组培快繁重点杂交组合(陇薯8号×早大白)建立LZ脱毒群体,组培扩繁基因型144份,平均每份基因型生产原原种196粒,共生产28 178粒。经鉴定试验筛选出LZ群体表现优异的基因型19份,田间表现薯形美观、芽眼浅,小区产量平均比对照品种陇薯6号高67.9%,淀粉含量平均比对照品种陇薯6号低5.5%。品系LZ111在16份入选品系中表现优异,薯形椭圆,薯皮白色、薯肉白色,表皮光滑、芽眼浅;小区产量居参试品种(系)的第2位,比对照品种陇薯6号高65.65%;薯块淀粉含量居参试品种(系)的第8位,比对照品种陇薯6号高11.6%;薯块炸片评分居参试品种(系)的第6位,比对照品种陇薯6号低16.7%。 相似文献
8.
为解决甘肃省乃至西北地区马铃薯专用品种缺乏的问题,天水市农业科学研究所以晋薯11号为母本、天薯9号为父本杂交,利用常规杂交育种技术选育出了晚熟鲜食菜用型马铃薯新品种天薯19号。该品种在2019 — 2020年进行的国家马铃薯西北晚熟组区域试验中,2 a 18点(次)平均折合产量为32 490.0 kg/hm2,较对照品种陇薯6号增产3.0%。该品种生育期119 d左右,薯块卵圆形、黄皮黄肉、芽眼少而浅。薯块品质优良,鲜薯块茎含干物质204 g/kg、淀粉166 g/kg、维生素C 547 mg/kg、粗蛋白22.1 g/kg、还原糖3.5 g/kg。适宜在甘肃中东部、宁夏中南部、青海东部及生态类似区种植。 相似文献
9.
利用复合杂交群体定位陆地棉产量性状QTL 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以共同亲本渝棉1号分别与中棉所35和贝尔斯诺杂交F1代,再次杂交得到复合杂交群体.利用6 565对SSR引物对3亲本进行多态性引物筛选,获得92对多态性引物.以多态性引物检测复合杂交群体172个单株的标记基因型,共获得96个标记位点,其中4对引物产生两个位点.构建的遗传连锁图谱包括63个标记、19个连锁群,总长656.0 cM,标记问平均距离10.4 cM,覆盖棉花基因组14.8%.利用多QTL作图方法,以复合杂交群体F2株系的产量性状鉴定结果,检测到7个产量性状QTL,即1个单株铃数(BN)、2个单铃重(BW)、1个衣分(LP)、1个单株籽棉(SC)和2个单株皮棉(LC).7个QTL分布于4条D基因组染色体,其中第19染色体分布4个QTL.同时,不同亲本之间存在产量性状QTL等位基因的差异. 相似文献
10.
利用InDel标记鉴定大白菜杂交种豫新四号种子纯度 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
InDel(insertion deletion length polymorphism)是基于基因组测序的第三代分子标记,已在一些作物的遗传研究中得到运用。本研究以大白菜(Brassica rapa L.ssp.pekinensis)杂交种豫新四号及其亲本和8个同父异母、同母异父的杂交组合为实验材料,利用InDel标记和引物组合方法对大白菜杂交种纯度进行了快速鉴定。结果表明,从104对InDel引物中筛选到3对(BrID10667、BrID90107和BrID90147)在豫新四号及其亲本间表现多态性且带型清晰稳定,这3对InDel引物对两批杂交种进行检测,第一批材料所测纯度全部为98.00%。第二批材料所测纯度分别为:100.00%、98.30%和99.10%,与田间鉴定结果 100.00%的纯度高度一致,吻合度达99.13%。利用筛选出来的3对特异性InDel引物分别对豫新四号及其4个同母异父和4个同父异母的杂交组合进行InDel分析,没有一对引物能够将豫新四号以及其4个同母异父和4个同父异母杂交组合同时区分开来。然而在这3对引物中引物BrID90107和BrID10667退火温度相同均为55℃,但是各自扩增产物位置不同,应用引物组合BrID90107和BrID10667就可以将豫新四号与其亲本及4个同父异母和4个同母异父的杂交组合完全区分开。实验结果显示,InDel标记可以快速、准确、经济地鉴定大白菜杂交种纯度,同时证明,利用引物组合的方法可以更有效地鉴别大白菜杂交种子中的生物学混杂,表明InDel标记技术在大白菜杂交种纯度室内快速检测中具有广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
11.
为阐明杂种一代在氮素吸收方面的优势,研究了不同氮效率茄子基因型及其杂种 F1的氮素吸收特性。试验以3个典型氮效率的茄子基因型及其F1代为材料,研究其在正常供氮和低氮胁迫条件下的根系体积、根系干重、氮素吸收总量、根系活力、硝酸还原酶活性及谷氨酰胺合成酶活性。结果表明,与高氮低效-低氮低效基因型L相比,氮高效基因型H1、H2的单株根系体积、根系干重、根系活力以及氮素吸收总量均较大; 且具有较高的硝酸还原酶与谷氨酰胺合成酶活性。三个杂交组合F1-1（L×H1）、F1-2（L×H2）和F1-3（H1×H2）的单株根系体积、根系干重、根系活力、硝酸还原酶活性、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性以及氮素吸收总量的中亲优势（Hm）和超亲优势（Hp）多为正向优势; 其中,组合F1-3杂种优势最为明显。利用杂种在氮素吸收方面的优势,对于改善植株体内的氮代谢水平进而提高氮效率具有重要意义。 相似文献
12.
Stan Cox Pheonah Nabukalu Andrew H. Paterson Wenqian Kong Susan Auckland Lisa Rainville Sheila Cox Shuwen Wang 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(2):387-390
A perennial version of grain sorghum [S. bicolor (L.) Moench] would create opportunities for greatly reducing tillage and preventing soil degradation. Efforts to select for perenniality and grain production among progeny of hybrids between S. bicolor (2n = 20) and the weedy tetraploid perennial S. halepense (L.) Pers. (2n = 40) are complicated in that F1 hybrids produced by diploid × tetraploid sorghum crosses are usually tetraploid. In 2013, a set of random pollinations between 19 diploid cytoplasmic male-sterile inbred lines and 43 tetraploid perennial plants produced 165 F1 hybrid plants, more than 75% of which had highly atypical plant, panicle, and seed phenotypes. Phenotypic segregation in F2 populations derived from atypical hybrids was also anomalous. Examination of mitotic metaphase cells in F1 or F2 root tips revealed that 129 of the 165 hybrids were diploid. Parentage of the diploid progenies was confirmed using simple-sequence repeat analysis. The mechanism by which diploid hybrids arise from diploid × tetraploid crosses is unknown, but it may involve either production of monohaploid (n = 10) pollen by the tetraploid parent or chromosome elimination during early cell divisions following formation of the triploid zygote. The ability to produce diploid germplasm segregating for S. bicolor and S. halepense alleles could have great utility, both for the development of perennial sorghum and for the improvement of conventional grain sorghum. 相似文献
13.
Moses M. Muraya Hartwig H. Geiger Fabrice Sagnard Lassana Toure Pierre C. S. Traore Sabine Togola Santie de Villiers Heiko K. Parzies 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(1):83-93
Gene flow between cultivated and their wild relatives is one of the main ecological concerns associated with the introduction
genetically modified (GM) cultivars. GM sorghum cultivar has been developed and its commercial production may be possible
in the near future. The rate of gene flow depends on the fitness of wild × cultivated sorghum hybrids. The study aimed at
estimating adaptive values of wild × cultivated sorghum hybrids in generations F1, F2, and F3 compared to their parents. Artificial crosses of four wild sorghums, five cultivated sorghums, and two male sterile lines
were made to produce the F1 generation, which were advanced to F2 and F3. Each hybrid generation and their respective parents were evaluated for their adaptive value at two sites in a randomised
complete block design with seven replicates. The resulting progenies did not show serious fitness penalties. Some hybrids
were as fit as their respective wild parents and no consistent differences exist between the three generations studied. Thus,
the resultant wild × cultivated hybrids may act as avenue for introgression. 相似文献
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《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10-11):2267-2276
Abstract Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) causes soybean yield loss to growers when certain varieties are planted on calcareous soils. Planting IDC‐resistant varieties is the best management practice, although they may still exhibit chlorosis under certain environmental conditions. Environmental variation for chlorosis expression impedes progress in improving IDC resistance. Breeders could use molecular marker‐assisted selection (MAS), an environment‐independent tool, to improve soybeans' resistance to IDC. Our objective was to determine the efficiency of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in selecting for IDC resistance in soybean. A breeding population was developed using parents differing in IDC resistance and yield potential. The population was advanced to the F2 and F2:4 generations. Foliar chlorosis data were recorded for parents and F2:4 lines in replicated field tests planted on calcareous soils at two Iowa locations in 2000 and 2001. Chlorosis scores between parents and F2:4 lines varied according to location and year. Genotypic data were obtained on individual F2 plants, and association between chlorosis scores and allele segregation was tested by single‐factor analysis of variance using 2001 data. Three SSR markers were associated (P ≤ 0.1) with chlorosis scores at each location; however, the identity of the markers associated with chlorosis scores was different at each location. In addition, two SSR markers associated with IDC resistance were examined for their efficacy in improving breeding efficiency. Preliminary data presented herein demonstrate the importance of environment on expression of this soil‐stress factor and the potential of using SSR markers as an environment‐independent selection tool for breeding IDC resistance in soybean. 相似文献
16.
Moses Adeolu Adebayo Adesike Oladoyin Kolawole Ibraheem Raji Joseph Ajayi 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(9):1292-1300
The present study aims at identifying potentially high-yielding testcross maize hybrids using different selection indices that consider agronomic traits other than grain yield alone. Forty-one (41) testcross hybrids developed from 20 elite drought-tolerant maize inbred lines and two inbred testers plus three hybrid checks were evaluated in the rainy seasons of 2013 and 2014 in Ogbomoso in the derived savanna agroecological zone of Nigeria. Hybrids were planted in each year in 11 × 4 lattices with two replications. Testcross hybrids and checks exhibited significant differences for all measured traits except ear height, husk cover and number of ears per plant. Grain yield of hybrids and checks averaged over the 2 years varied from 3117 to 8393 kg ha?1 with a mean of 5935 kg ha?1. Top 11 hybrids produced vigorous plants, each yielding >7000 kg ha?1. Base index and multivariate index methods identified EXL11 × 9071 whereas base index and Smith–Hazel selection index methods identified EXL18 × 9071 as superior hybrids at 5% selection intensity. These hybrids will be considered for advanced breeding program and release to farmers as high-yielding drought-tolerant hybrid maize varieties in the increasingly drought-prone derived savanna agroecology of Nigeria. 相似文献
17.
对硝酸盐含量有明显差异的2个小白菜品种江苏矮脚黄(P1)、上海青(P2)及其杂交一代(F1)、杂交二代(F2)和回交一代(B1、B2)6个群体共计460株进行了硝酸盐含量的检测,并采用联合尺度检验法分析其硝酸盐含量性状的遗传规律。结果表明,小白菜硝酸盐含量属于数量性状,其遗传表现符合加性 显性遗传模型,小白菜高硝酸盐含量对低硝酸盐含量性状为部分显性,显性度为0.45。通过对遗传力的估计值计算结果表明,小白菜硝酸盐含量广义遗传力为56.1%,狭义遗传力为21.6%,显性作用和环境影响都较大。因此,选育低硝酸盐含量的品种,应注重在高世代(如F5或F6)进行选择,不宜采用个体选择。 相似文献
18.
Navdeep S. Jamwal H. K. Chaudhary Anila Badiyal Waseem Hussain 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2016,66(3):282-289
Gene introgression in wheat is not only limited by crossability but also affected by environmental conditions, genotypic differences and necrotic genes. Hence, the present investigation was formulated to determine the influence of genotypic and environmental factors on the crossability of elite triticale and wheat genotypes, screen the effect of necrotic genes in the F1 hybrids and the relative performance of hybrids towards haploid induction following the Imperata cylindrica-mediated chromosome elimination approach. The dry temperate region was observed to be significantly better than sub-humid mid-hills for seed set in intergeneric crosses. Lower rate of crossability (17.49–48.33% and 14.46–36.51%) was found in triticale?×?wheat crosses at both locations. The hybrids having HPW236 as one of the parent revealed necrosis ranging from the lowest to highest grade. Further, negative influence of the necrotic genes on the haploid induction parameters was apparent due to significant hybrid necrosis symptoms in F1 hybrids. Statistically significant variation in haploid induction parameters was also evident between and within different cross combinations, indicating that haploid induction parameters were profoundly influenced by genotypic specificity. 相似文献
19.
Reciprocal crosses were made between Brassica carinata and its related species Sinapis alba. Pollen germination studies indicated the presence post-fertilization barriers in both ways. Sequential ovary–ovule culture
helped to realize the intergeneric hybrids from the cross S. alba × B. carinata. The F1 obtained was confirmed as a hybrid based on morphology, cytology and isozyme studies. The hybrid was backcrossed to its male
parent and obtained BC1 seeds, which were used to raise BC1 generation. The BC1 generation plants were further backcrossed to B. carinata in order to develop alloplasmic lines. 相似文献
20.
Oswaldo Taboada‐Gaytan Linda M. Pollak Lawrence A. Johnson Steven R. Fox Kevin T. Montgomery 《Cereal Chemistry》2010,87(3):175-181
Hybrids with high grain yield and higher starch, protein, or oil content are available to corn growers; however, they result from crossing adapted Corn Belt inbred lines that rarely include exotic germplasm. This study was conducted to determine whether Corn Belt lines introgressed with exotic materials from Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Cuba, and Florida have appropriate wet‐milling characteristics in their hybrids. Ten lines from the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) project with different starch contents were crossed to three adapted inbred lines used as testers. The B73×Mo17 hybrid was used as a control. The F1 generation of these 30 experimental hybrids was analyzed using both near‐infrared transmittance (NIT) technology and a 100‐g modified wet‐milling procedure, and measuring test and 1,000‐kernel weight. There was great variation among physical, compositional, and wet‐milling characteristics of the experimental hybrids, suggesting that exotic germplasm can be used to improve wet‐milling characteristics of Corn Belt hybrids. 相似文献