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1.
《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2012,58(1):58-69
ABSTRACTIn order to study the mechanism of thermotolerance of cotton cultivars with different heat tolerance, the response of yield component and photosynthesis to short-term heat stress (HT; average temperature 34°C) was studied. Pot experiments were carried out in 2015 and 2016 by using cotton cultivar PHY370WR (heat tolerant cultivar) and Sumian15 (heat susceptible cultivar). Results showed that heat (34°C) treatment resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in cotton yield. Path analysis showed that the direct path coefficient (0.89) of boll weight was higher, compared with the boll number (0.46). With high-temperature stress, it was the difference of boll weight reduction contributed the majority to the difference of yield reduction between cultivars, not the difference of boll number reduction. Different decrease in photosynthesis between cultivars leads to the different decline in boll weight. Different thermotolerance between the two cultivars were as follows: the heat tolerant cultivar could maintain higher photosynthesis rate under HT, and it could recover more quickly and highly in photosynthesis than the heat susceptible cultivar. More importantly, the leaf functional period of heat tolerant cultivar was less shortened by HT than that of heat susceptible cultivar. 相似文献
2.
Muhammad Ashfaq Wahid Muhammad Saleem Sohail Irshad Shahbaz Khan Mumtaz Akhtar Cheema Muhammad Farrukh Saleem 《Journal of plant nutrition》2020,43(16):2411-2424
AbstractCotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is of prime importance because of its quality fiber and edible oil production. Boron (B) is among essential micronutrients for plant growth; it aids in the transfer of sugars and nutrients from leaves to fruit that are involved directly or indirectly in many plant functions. Cotton growth, yield and quality are strongly affected with boron application. A two-year study was conducted to evaluate the impact of foliar applied B (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10?g of B L?1 of water) on the performance of cotton cultivars (FH-113, MNH-786 and CIM-496). The results indicated that growth, yield and quality traits of cotton were significantly influenced by different levels of foliar applied boron as well as cultivars of cotton. Among cotton cultivars, the yield and quality parameters were superior in cultivar “FH-113.” Foliar application of boron at 6?g L?1 of water improved leaf area index and leaf area duration and eventually improved the number of bolls per plant, boll retention percentage, average boll weight, lint yield, ginning out turn, fiber length and uniformity ratio of cotton. Foliar application of B at 6?g per liter of water, showed promising results by improving growth and quality parameters and is recommend to enhance the economical yield production of cotton cultivar “FH-113” with improved quality. 相似文献
3.
为研究不同液体有机肥对新疆棉花生长及土壤养分的影响，进而确定滴灌棉田最适宜的液体有机肥类型，为优化新疆滴灌棉花施肥技术提供理论依据，采用盆栽试验，设置5个处理包括不施肥（CK）、常规施肥（化肥，CF）、含氨基酸液体有机肥（AF）、含腐殖酸液体有机肥（HF）、酸性有机肥浸提液（BF），考察了不同施肥处理对棉花生长、叶片光合能力、产量构成、土壤养分以及养分利用率的影响。结果表明：与CF处理相比，不同液体有机肥均能促进棉花生长，提高土壤有效养分含量。其中，AF处理较CF处理显著提高了棉花叶片气孔导度（Gs），增加7.18%；与CF处理相比，HF处理对棉花株高、茎粗、叶片蒸腾速率（Tr）、总根表面积的促进作用最显著，分别增加了6.38%、3.92%、11.01%和14.52%~11.84%，棉花茎和地下部干物质量最高；BF处理棉花总根长显著提高41.21%~49.48%，同时叶片净光合速率（Pn）最强，棉花单株成铃数、衣分最高，棉花蕾铃、籽棉和整株干物质量显著提高了27.91%、11.83%和9.76%。对于土壤理化性质，AF、HF和BF处理较CF处理均显著提高了土壤有效磷含量；BF处理显著降低了土壤pH，且土壤有机质、碱解氮和速效钾含量均高于其他处理。BF处理棉花肥料偏生产力、肥料农学效率和肥料贡献率较CF处理提高了5.83%~19.33%，显著高于其他处理。总之，3种液体有机肥均能促进棉花生长，增加棉花干物质积累，提高土壤有效养分含量以及肥料利用率，其中以酸性有机肥浸提液效果最佳。因此，在滴灌棉田应用酸性有机肥浸提液可以获得更高的棉花产量及肥料利用率，有利于新疆滴灌棉田可持续发展。 相似文献
4.
盐氮效应对棉花氮素分配、转运和利用效率的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
探究盐氮效应对棉花氮素动态积累、运转及利用效率的影响机制。以棉花“新陆中68号”为材料,设置土壤盐分含量为S1(2.5~3 g/kg)、S2(5~6 g/kg)和S3(8~9 g/kg),施氮量分别N1(105 kg/hm2)、N2(210 kg/hm2)、N3(315 kg/hm2)处理进行田间小区试验。通过Logistic生长函数模型对各器官生物量氮素累积进行拟合,以V m(最高累积速率)和Δt(持续时间)为2个动态特征指标分析盐氮对棉花生物量氮素快速累积时间和速率的影响。结果表明,营养器官(根、茎、叶)生物量S1N3处理最大,棉铃生物量S1N2处理最大,S3条件下棉铃生物量表现为N3>N2>N1。各营养器官积氮量S2处理均达到较大,在S1和S2中茎积氮量为N2>N3>N1。在S2和S3中叶积氮量为N3>N2>N1,棉铃积氮量为S1>S2>S3和N3>N2>N1,根积氮量N3>N2>N。N1S3处理各营养器官生物量积氮量Δt最小,V m最大。盐分显著抑制棉花各器官生物量和氮素积累量及V m(P<0.5)。施氮量与土壤盐分存在明显的互作效应。氮肥在盐分S1和S2中N2和在盐分S3中氮肥N3最利于生殖器官生物量积累及V m。盐分越高,氮素运转率越低。施氮量促进氮素运转率。各器官积氮量累积和营养器官氮分布使作物氮分布更均衡,导致产量的最优。S1N2产量最大达到6683 kg/hm2。氮肥在盐分S1和S2中N1氮利用效率最优,盐分S3中氮肥N2最利于氮利用效率。因此在盐分<6 g/kg土壤施用氮肥105 kg/hm2或210 kg/hm2,最利于棉花生产和效益。盐分在8~9 g/kg土壤应施用氮肥315 kg/hm2。研究结果为合理利用盐碱土和施肥管理提供科学依据。 相似文献
5.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(13):1627-1643
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is widespread in calcareous soils. Therefore, we conducted a 2-year field experiment to investigate the impact of graded Zn levels on growth, yield, and fiber and oil quality of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L., cv. CIM-473) grown in a calcareous Aridisol having 0.54 mg diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Zn kg?1 soil. Zinc use increased boll bearing, boll weight, seed index, and seed cotton yield (P ≤ 0.05). Maximum yield increase was 15%, with 7.5 kg Zn ha?1; however, greater Zn levels depressed yield. Leaf chlorophyll, membrane permeability, seed protein, and oil content and quality improved (P ≤ 0.05), and fiber quality remained unaffected with Zn use. Critical Zn concentration in cotton leaves was 36 mg kg?1. Positive relationships of leaf Zn concentration were observed with boll weight, protein content, total unsaturated fatty acids, and fiber characteristics. Thus, Zn fertilization of low-Zn Aridisols is suggested for improving cotton productivity and seed quality. 相似文献
6.
施氮量对油后直播棉花产量、品质及生物量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究施氮量对油后直播棉花生物量累积特征及其与产量、品质的关系,于2016-2017年在湖南常德设置了施氮量分别为0、90、180、270、360 kg·hm-2氮肥水平试验。结果表明,在施氮量为0~360 kg·hm-2范围内,施氮量越大棉株营养器官生物量累积越多,而棉株生殖器官生物量则在施氮量为270 kg·hm-2时累积最多;皮棉产量、成铃数和单铃重均在施氮量为270 kg·hm-2时达到最大;0~270 kg·hm-2范围内,衣分随施氮量增加而增加。在施氮量为270 kg·hm-2条件下,纤维长度和断裂比强度最高;适宜施氮量有利于纤维长度、断裂比强度的提高和马克隆值的优化,对伸长率和整齐度基本无影响。综上所述,适宜施氮量可提高棉花的产量、品质,洞庭湖棉区适宜的施氮量为180~250 kg·hm-2。本研究结果为环洞庭湖棉区的氮肥合理运筹提供了技术参考。 相似文献
7.
8.
氮肥中不同硝化抑制剂DCD添加比例对棉花生长发育及产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
9.
Huma Lubna Shaheen Muhammad Iqbal Muhammad Shahbaz Misbah Shehzadi 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2016,62(6):759-768
Being macronutrient, K+ is involved in a number of metabolic processes including stimulation of over 60 enzymes. The present study was conducted to investigate whether K-priming could alleviate the effects of salinity on the growth and nutrient status of cotton seedlings. The seeds of two cotton cultivars, namely FH-113 and FH-87, were primed with solutions of three potassium sources (KNO3, K2SO4 and K2HPO4) using three concentrations (0%, 1.25% and 1.5%) of each potassium source. After 1 week of germination, the seedlings were subjected to salinity (0 and 200 mM NaCl) stress. The results showed that salinity significantly affected growth and nutrients status of cotton seedlings. The K-priming alleviated the stress condition and significantly improved dry matter as well as nutrient uptake in cotton seedlings. Of the priming treatments pre-sowing treatment with KNO3 (1.5%) was most effective in increasing shoot and root lengths and biomass of cotton seedlings. The seedlings raised from seed treated with KNO3 (1.5%) showed varied accumulation of cations (Ca2+, Na+ and K+) and faced less oxidative stress irrespective of cotton cultivars under salt stress. The results suggested that pre-sowing seed treatment with KNO3 (1.5%) might be recommended for synchronized germination and sustainable production of cotton crop under saline environments. 相似文献
10.
膜下滴灌水氮耦合对棉花干物质积累和氮素吸收及水氮利用效率的影响 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
在膜下滴灌条件下,设3个氮素水平和2个水分水平,研究了水氮耦合对棉花干物质积累、氮素吸收及产量、水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明,增加水分或氮素供应,花铃期根冠生物量和氮素吸收增加; 增加灌水量,吐絮期地上部干物质和氮素积累量增加,根干物质积累量在低氮或高氮下增加,中氮降低; 产量和氮素利用效率增加,水分利用效率下降。水分胁迫条件下,增加氮素的供应吐絮期地上部干物质、氮素积累量、产量差异不大,根干物质积累量以N276处理最高,氮素利用率下降,水分利用率增加。水分充分条件下,增加氮素的供应吐絮期根干物质下降,地上部干物质、氮素积累、产量和水氮利用效率以N276处理最高。水分不足或高氮限制了干物质在花铃期至吐絮期的积累、导致棉花提早衰退,引起产量下降。 相似文献
11.
Response of cotton fiber quality to the carbohydrates in the leaf subtending the cotton boll 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study investigated the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilization on leaf and boll N and carbohydrate concentrations in the development of fiber quality. A two‐year field study was conducted with two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars, Kemian 1 (average fiber strength 35 cN tex–1) and NuCOTN 33B (average fiber strength 32 cN tex–1) at five (2008) and four (2009) N levels. The relationship between leaf and boll N and carbohydrate concentrations was assessed from measurements of N, carbohydrates, chlorophyll (based on SPAD readings), and free amino acids in the leaf subtending the boll, together with fiber carbohydrates and development of fiber quality. Results indicate that leaf N concentration more accurately reflected boll N status than the concentration of chlorophyll or free amino acids. Leaf sucrose and nonstructural carbohydrate had a quadratic relation with leaf N concentration (p < 1%). The optimal leaf N concentration ranged from 3.0% to 2.4%. During 24–38 d post‐anthesis (DPA), fiber sucrose was positively related to leaf sucrose and nonstructural carbohydrate (p < 5%), but was not correlated with leaf starch or total soluble carbohydrates. Fiber strength was positively correlated with fiber sucrose before 38 DPA, and it appeared to be more easily influenced by the fiber sucrose concentration than fiber length, fineness, or maturity. These results suggest that 24–38 DPA is a crucial period for fiber development which might be significantly influenced by physiological and ecological factors. In addition, sucrose or nonstructural carbohydrates in the subtending leaf could be used as a monitoring index to evaluate sucrose levels in the developing fiber, and also for predicting the final fiber strength. 相似文献
12.
探索不同氮肥基追比水平下杂交棉的氮素吸收、干物质积累及产量的变化规律,为南疆杂交棉高产高效栽培技术提供理论依据。以兆丰1号和鲁棉研30号为试验材料,设3个氮肥基追比处理(N1,基肥∶追肥=0∶10;N2,基肥∶追肥=2∶8;N3,基肥∶追肥=4∶6),研究了氮肥基追比对杂交棉氮素吸收、干物质积累及产量的影响。结果显示,随着氮肥追肥比例的减少,植株生物量和氮素吸收量先升后降。其中N1处理不利于棉株干物质积累和氮素的吸收,显著降低了累积速率,使棉花生育期提前、衰老加快;N2处理提高了干物质快速积累速率,延长了快速积累持续时间,增加了开花后生物量积累、氮素吸收量以及花后同化物与氮素向生殖器官中的转运;N3处理由于追肥比例较少,开花后干物质与氮素的积累量以及花铃期干物质与养分向生殖器官中的分配比例减少。本试验条件下,两个杂交棉品种的基肥∶追肥=2∶8处理的棉花干物质及氮素累积最为协调,并能同步增加单株结铃数和铃重,进而实现增产。 相似文献
13.
遮荫条件下氮肥运筹对棉花生长和氮素积累的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】果棉间作下棉花贪青晚熟现象明显,霜前花率低,产量下降严重,而合理的氮肥追施可以调控作物生育进程,优化各器官生物量和氮素的积累分配。为此,本文探讨果棉间作下棉花适宜的氮肥追施模式,以期为间作棉合理施氮提供理论依据。【方法】以中棉所49为材料,采用裂区设计,主区为遮荫50%(S50)与不遮荫(CK),副区为3个氮肥追施方式,即N1(氮肥前移)、 N2(正常追肥)、 N3(氮肥前移比例大于N1),总施氮量N 320 kg/hm2,随机追施量为160 kg/hm2,追施时期与比例见表1。研究其对棉花生物量、 氮素动态累积特征的影响。【结果】遮荫50%(S50)与不遮荫(CK)相比,营养器官生物量理论最大值和最大生长速率较大; 生殖器官生物量理论最大值、 最大生长速率和生长特征值较小; 总氮快速积累提前5~8 d; 单株铃数、 单铃重和衣分显著降低,皮棉产量平均减少35.61%。遮荫50%时,以N1处理地上部营养器官和生殖器官生物量进入快速增长期的起始日和结束日、 最大生长速率出现日提早,生殖器官生物量理论最大值表现为N1＞N2＞N3; 氮积累量理论最大值、 快速积累持续时间及生长特征值最大; 有利于营养器官对氮的净吸收、 净转移和对棉纤维的贡献; 单株铃数、 单铃重最高,皮棉产量比N2、 N3提高18.90%和29.07%。不遮荫时,以N2处理地上部营养器官生物量的最大生长速率和生长特征值最大; 氮积累量理论最大值、 氮快速积累持续时间及生长特征值也最大; 皮棉产量比N1、 N3提高13.03%和23.67%。【结论】遮荫50%条件下,氮肥追施适度前移(N1),即提前至盛蕾期(6月中下旬)开始追肥,在盛铃期(8月上旬)前结束,可改善遮荫条件下棉花快速生长期的生长特征值,显著增加生物量和氮素积累量,有利于营养器官对氮的净吸收、 净转移和对棉纤维的贡献,最终增加单株铃数、 单铃重和产量。 相似文献
14.
The present study was conducted to assess the effect of soil salinity on yield attributes as well as nutrient accumulation in different plant parts of seven Brassica cultivars from two different species raised in pot culture experiment with two levels of salinity treatments along with control corresponding to soil electrical conductivity (EC) values of 1.65 (S0), 4.50 (S1) and 6.76 (S2) dS m?1. The experiment was consisted of twelve replications in a completely randomized design. Imposition of salinity stress affected various yield attributing characters including plant height, which ultimately led to severe yield reduction. However, tolerant cultivars, CS 52 and CS 54 performed better under salt treatment showing lesser yield loss. Salinity stress reduced the nitrogen (N) content in leaves of the Brassica plants, which reflected in decreased seed protein content. Reduced accumulation of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) was observed in leaf, stem and root at flowering and post-flowering stages, while CS 52 and CS 54 showed less reduction than susceptible cultivars under salinity stress. 相似文献
15.
滨海盐碱地不同施肥模式对棉花氮磷养分积累和产量的影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
为探索盐碱地棉花种植最佳施肥模式,在山东省东营市中度滨海盐碱地设置了6种施肥模式(包括不施肥对照、习惯施肥、优化施肥、一次性施肥、减量化肥以及减量化肥+有机肥),通过对棉花关键生育时期植株调查取样和测定分析,探讨了不同施肥模式对棉花养分积累及产量的影响。结果表明:一次性施肥处理(非控释氮和控释氮1∶2配合)与同等养分水平的优化施肥处理相比,棉花的干物质积累量和各器官氮磷含量均有显著提高,前者花铃期氮磷养分总积累量分别比优化施肥处理高23.39%和13.97%,比不施肥处理高50.98%和46.94%。减量化肥(N、P_2O_5、K_2O减量20%)+有机肥处理棉花产量最高,比不施肥处理高31.14%,比习惯施肥处理高13.37%,经济效益增长1 925元/hm~2;一次性施肥处理棉花产量与习惯施肥相近,经济效益比习惯施肥增长了279元/hm~2。籽棉产量与吐絮期土壤碱解氮、有效磷含量呈显著正相关。在中度滨海盐碱地采用减量化肥(N、P_2O_5、K_2O减量20%)+有机肥和一次性施肥处理措施节本增产效果较好。 相似文献
16.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(7):1295-1317
Abstract A field experiment was conducted at Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan, Pakistan on Miani soil series, silt loam soil (Calcaric, Cambisols and fine silty, mixed Hyperthermic Fluventic Haplocambids) to assess the response of four cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars to potassium (K) fertilization. The treatments consisted of four cotton cultivars (CIM-448, CIM-1100, NIAB-Karishma, S-12), four potassium rates (0, 62.5, 125, 250 kg K ha?1), and two sources of potassium fertilizer [muriate of potash (KCl) and sulphate of potash (K2SO4)]. The cotton cultivars differed significantly in response to various potassium fertilizer levels and its sources with respect to seed cotton yield and its components. The highest yield was obtained with the application of 250-kg K ha?1, however, it was economical to add 125 kg K ha?1. Seed cotton yield of cv. CIM-448 was considerably greater than that of the other cultivars in K-unfertilized treatments, which was related to cultivar differences in K uptake efficiency in utilizing native potassium nutrient. Potassium added as muriate of potash caused a significant depression in seed cotton yield than that of sulphate of potash. The increase in yield seemed to have resulted largely from the higher K concentration of leaf tissues at bloom stage and available soil-K because of potassium application. A significant relationship between the yield and number of bolls per plant (r = 0.92**) and boll weight (r = 0.85**) indicated that these two growth attributes were responsible for enhancing the quantum of final harvest of seed cotton. 相似文献
17.
施磷量对小麦物质生产及吸磷特性的影响 总被引：14，自引：7，他引：14
在低磷土壤条件下,以中筋小麦扬麦12号和弱筋小麦扬麦9号为材料,研究了施磷量对小麦物质生产和吸磷特性的影响。结果表明,在施磷量(P2O5)0～180.kg/hm2范围内,植株对磷的吸收量、吸收速率和磷的积累量随施磷量增加而上升;以施磷量108.kg/h2处理的叶面积指数(LAI)、植株茎蘖数、茎蘖成穗率、干物质积累量、花后干物质积累量和子粒产量最高。当施磷量超过108.kg/hm2时,相关物质生产指标则呈下降趋势,说明即使在缺磷土壤上,施磷量有其适宜值。小麦一生对磷的吸收存在两个高峰,出苗至越冬始期为第一个吸收高峰,拔节至孕穗期为第二个吸收高峰。植株磷素积累量的70%～75%是在拔节后吸收,表明拔节期施磷对满足小麦第二个吸磷高峰和磷的最大积累期需磷有重要意义。 相似文献
18.
施氮量对棉铃干物质和氮累积及分配的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
以高品质棉（科棉1号）和常规棉（美棉33B）品种为材料,2005年在江苏徐州（11711E, 3415N）、2007年在河南安阳（11413E, 3604N）设置施氮量（低氮N 0 kg/hm2,适氮N 240 kg/hm2,高氮N 480 kg/hm2）试验,研究施氮量对棉铃干物质、氮累积分配和棉铃（纤维、棉子）品质的影响。结果表明:施氮可改变棉铃各部分干物质和氮素的累积特征,进而影响棉铃重和棉铃品质。在本试验N 240 kg/hm2水平下,单铃棉子和纤维的干物质累积量最大,棉铃各部分（铃壳、纤维、棉子）氮含量适中、氮累积量最高,最终铃重最大,棉纤维和棉子品质最优;在不施氮（N 0 kg/hm2）时,棉铃干物质和氮快速累积期开始较早、累积速率较低,最终干物质和氮累积量均较低,铃重最低,棉纤维和棉子品质最差。在N 480 kg/hm2水平下,棉铃各部分（铃壳、纤维、棉子）的氮含量和累积量提高,且在成熟棉铃中棉纤维干物质的分配系数下降,棉子中的氮分配系数提高,最终棉子中蛋白质含量上升,铃重和棉纤维比强度、棉子油分含量均降低。综上所述,施氮量过低影响棉铃干物质和氮素的累积,而施氮量过高则主要影响棉铃干物质和氮素在铃壳、棉子和纤维间的分配,二者均导致最终的铃重降低、棉纤维和棉子品质变劣。 相似文献
19.
播期对麦(油)后直播棉产量、品质及氮磷钾利用的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为明确长江流域下游棉区麦(油)后直播棉生产的适宜播期,本研究以?中棉所50‘为材料,于2017—2018年进行大田试验,研究不同播期(5月15日、5月25日、6月4日、6月14日和6月24日)对直播棉产量、品质及养分利用的影响。结果表明,播期推迟,棉花生育进程推迟;花铃期日均温和日照时数降低、有效积温先升高后降低且以6月4日播期花铃期有效积温最高。可见,前3个播期棉花花铃期温光条件较好。棉株与生殖器官的生物量及氮磷钾累积量随播期推迟降低,且前3个播期的棉株生物量和养分累积进入较高速率累积期早于后2个播期的棉株。随着播期的推迟,直播棉成铃数与皮棉产量显著降低。与5月15日播期相比,其余4个播期直播棉的皮棉产量分别降低15.9%～16.9%、13.1%～16.9%、26.9%～33.5%、58.2～62.0%。100kg皮棉氮、磷和钾吸收量随播期推迟而增加,但养分利用效率降低。不同播期间,以6月4日和6月14日播期棉纤维综合品质较优。综上,本试验条件下,5月15日—6月4日是长江流域棉区麦(油)后直播棉获得较高产量的适宜播期,该播期内适当推迟播种有利于棉花优质纤维的形成。 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(20):2590-2602
Influences of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizer doses were assessed on iron (Fe) accumulation in leaves and grains of three high-yielding rice cultivars differing in grain Fe concentration. Effects of these treatments were also measured on grain yield, leaf area, and plant biomass of the cultivars. Nitrogen, P, and K applications improved plant biomass and grain yield of all cultivars. Among the nutrients, N was most effective in increasing leaf Fe concentration, followed by P and K in all three rice cultivars. Sharbati accumulated the greatest concentration of leaf Fe followed by IR-64 and Lalat. However, greater doses of these nutrients adversely affected grain yield and Fe content of leaf and grain. Application of excess N, P, and K fertilizers may, thus, sometimes results in lowering of grain Fe content in rice. Judicious application of the elements is recommended for prevention of Fe-induced malnutrition. 相似文献