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1.
Summary In high altitude areas (> c. 850 m elevation) in west Asia and north Africa, lentil (Lens culinaris) is grown as a spring crop to avoid severe winter cold. But late fall-sown lentil with winter hardiness has higher yield potential in these areas. In this study a total of 245 accessions of wild lentil, 10 of cultivated lentil and three accessions of Vicia montbretii (syn. L. montbretii) were evaluated for winter hardiness in Syria and Turkey during the 1991/92 season. The absolute minimum temperatures were-16°C in Syria and-18.9°C in Turkey and the susceptible indicators were killed at both locations showing that the cold was sufficient for screening. Although winter hardiness was assessed as percentage of survived plants in Syria and as a visual damage rating on a 1–9 scale in Turkey, there was agreement between the winter hardiness ratings with a correlation of r=–0.56, P<0.001. Accessions of L. culinaris ssp. orientalis exhibited the highest level of winter hardiness, on average; whereas accessions of L. nigricans ssp. ervoides were the most susceptible. Correlations revealed that winter hardiness was concentrated among accessions originating from high elevation areas.  相似文献   

2.
Exploitation of wild gene pool for breeding is a common practice in an increasing number of cultivated plants. The cultivated lentil could not attain the substantial improvement in the yield potential due to loss of genes for higher productivity and lack of resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. The absence of evaluation data of wild lentils for characters of economic importance, besides biotic and abiotic stresses, is one of the constraints in their use in lentil breeding programme. In the present study, 70 wild accessions from four wild Lens subsp./sp. (L. culinaris subsp. orientalis, L. odomensis, L. ervoides and L. nigricans) along with 3 checks (Precoz, PL-406 and PL-639) were evaluated for phenological and agro-morphological characters, for their reaction to three fungal diseases (wilt, powdery mildew and rust) and screened for tolerance to moisture stress. The wild accessions showed higher performance for branches/plant as compared to cultivated genotypes. Similarly, a few accessions of L. culinaris subsp. orientalis were earlier to flower and had higher seeds and seed yield/plant as compared to cultivated lentil. However, some were comparable with cultivated genotypes for flowers/peduncle, peduncle length and plant height. The mean performance for flowers per peduncle, leaflets per leaf, plant height, seeds and seed yield per plant increased, while decreased for days to flowering and maturity, and branches per plant during the evolution of cultivated lentil from the wild Lens taxa. Of Lens taxa, L. nigricans had the maximum resistant accessions for biotic and tolerance to abiotic stresses. The valuable variation existing among wild accessions can be exploited following introgression with cultivated lentils. It will help in the flow of useful genes from wild to cultivated lentil for generating wide spectrum of variability and its subsequent use in genetic restructuring of lentil.  相似文献   

3.
Lentil is one of the important cool-season food legumes grown in many countries in the Mediterranean region. But a substantial yield loss is observed every year due to various biotic stresses. The Sitona weevil (Sitona crinitus Herbst) is a major insect pest limiting lentil productivity mainly in the countries of West Asia and North Africa region. The adult insects feed on the leaflets at seedling stage, and the plant suffers due to reduced photosynthesis. The larvae feed on the root systems and on the nodules, thus decreasing the ability of the plant to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Since sources of resistance to this pest in the cultivated lentil Lens culinaris Medikus subsp. culinaris are lacking, we searched for resistant sources in a collection of wild Lens species available in the ICARDA Gene Bank. We screened 315 accessions of wild lentil covering all known species/sub-species based on nodule damage at ICARDA’s main experimental station (Tel Hadya, Aleppo), a hot-spot for the pest in the region. Large variation was observed in the percent nodule damage among accessions across species. Eight accessions, ILWL 110, ILWL 136, ILWL 166, ILWL 203, ILWL 207, ILWL 245, ILWL 254 and ILWL 258 were identified as resistant, with ≤10% nodule damage, compared to >56% damage recorded on the cultivated lentil. This is the first report of resistance against Sitona weevil in lentil. One resistant accession ILWL 245 belongs to the species L. culinaris Medikus subsp. orientalis (Boiss.) Ponert, progenitor of the cultivated lentil, which is crossable with the cultivated lentil. This line is being used to introgress resistance genes to cultivated lentil and to understand the inheritance of Sitona weevil resistance.  相似文献   

4.
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and biological nitrogen (N2) fixation by grain legumes are two major processes of N transformation in agroecosystems. However, the relationship between these two processes is not well understood. The objective of this study was to quantify N2O emissions associated with N2 fixation by grain legumes under controlled conditions. The denitrifying capability of two Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae strains, 99A1 and RGP2, was tested in pure culture in the presence of nitrate and in symbiosis with lentil (Lens esculenta Moench) and pea (Pisum sativum L.), respectively, in sterile Leonard jars. Lentil and pea, either inoculated or N-fertilized, were grown in soil boxes under controlled conditions. Profile N2O concentration and surface N2O emissions were measured from soil–crop systems, and were compared with that of a cereal – spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ac. Barrie). Results indicated that: 1) neither R. leguminosarum strain, 99A1 or RGP2 was capable of denitrification in pure culture, nor in symbiosis with lentil and pea in sterile Leonard jars, suggesting that introducing these Rhizobium into soils through rhizobial inoculation onto lentil and pea will not increase denitrification or N2O emissions; 2) soil-emitted N2O from well-nodulated lentil and pea crops grown under controlled conditions was not significantly different than that from the check treatments, indicating that biological N2 fixation by lentil and pea was not a direct source of N2O emissions.  相似文献   

5.
 A 15N isotope dilution technique was applied to quantify the extent of N2 fixation in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) cultivars as influenced by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strains in a field experiment in Pakistan. The experiment was conducted on a soil with a very small indigenous rhizobial population and where N was a limiting factor for crop production. Significant variations in number of nodules, dry weight of nodules, biomass yield, grain yield, total N yield, proportion of plant N derived from N2 fixation (Pfix) and amount of N derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) were observed among combined treatments of four rhizobial strains and six lentil varieties. In a field previously labelled with 15N, to which a basal dose of 75 kg P2O5 ha–1 was applied as single super phosphate, Ndfa ranged from 15 to 24 kg N ha–1 when calculated according to rhizobial strain and from 4 to 38 kg N ha–1 when calculated according to lentil variety. Lc 26 was the most effective strain and fixed 243% more N than the indigenous population in the uninoculated control. In treatments with the lentil variety PL-406, Ndfa was 38 kg N ha–1, which was 850% higher than with the lentil variety Precoz/F6-20-1×M-85. Generally, the varieties with greater Pfix produced a higher dry matter yield. Received: 26 May 1999  相似文献   

6.
We studied the dynamics of microbial C, N, and P in soil cropped with rice (Oryza sativa) and lentils (Lens culinaris) in a dryland farming system. The crop biomass and grain yield were also studied. The microbial biomass and its N and P contents were larger under the lentil than under the rice crop. Microbial nutrients decreased as the crops grew and then increased again. Farmyard manure and NPK fertilizer applications increased the level of microbial nutrients, crop biomass, and grain yield by 35–80%, 55–85%, and 74–86%, respectively. However, these applications had no significant effect on most of the soil physicochemical properties in the short term. The microbial biomass was correlated with the crop biomass and grain yield. The calculated flux of N and P through the microbial biomass ranged from 30–45 and 10–19 kg ha-1 year-1, respectively. Cultivation of a cereal crop followed by a leguminous crop sustains higher levels of microbial nutrients and hence greater fertility in impoverished tropical arable soils. The soil microbial biomass appears to contribute significantly to crop productivity by releasing nutrients, and applications of manure, either alone or with fertilizers, promote this effect more strongly than the application of NPK fertilizers alone.  相似文献   

7.
Retention of residue on the soil surface following harvest is an effective method of reducing soil erosion from both wind and water. The pea crop produces small amounts of residue to effectively reduce soil erosion. Severe erosion occurs in pea production areas such as the Palouse Region of the US Pacific Northwest (PNW) when low residue crops such as spring pea or lentil are followed by fall-sown wheat. The current study was conducted to determine the range of total aboveground biomass (TAB), seed yield, and straw (residue) production from the plant identification (PI) accessions that comprise the core collection of Pisum germplasm. In addition, the potential for increasing seed yield and straw production simultaneously was evaluated. Three hundred and ninety PI accessions were screened in the field in 1996 and 1997. The variation for TAB, seed yield and straw production among the PI accessions exceeded that of the controls both years. Seed yield was positively correlated with straw production (r = 0.81, p< 0.01) indicating that seed and straw production can be increased simultaneously through positive selection for both traits. Significant favorable variation is present among accessions in the USDA core collection of Pisum germplasm which could be used to increase both seed yield and total biomass production of adapted breeding lines.  相似文献   

8.
Lentil (Lens culunaris L.) is one of the major sources of protein and the second most important legume crop of the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) in India. Powdery mildew (Erysiphe trifolii) is one of the important fungal diseases of lentil that affects the entire plant and causes great reduction in yield and quality of seed. Mineral nutrition, especially with sulfur (S) and zinc (Zn), plays a great role in powdery mildew management. A research trial was conducted from 2008–2009 to 2010–2011 at ICAR Research Complex of Eastern Region, Patna, India, to ascertain the role of residual sulfur (S) and zinc (Zn) in powdery mildew management in lentil under a rice–lentil cropping system. A field experiment was conducted in randomized block design with three replications. Four levels of S and Zn were tested. Sulfur and Zn were applied directly to rice crop as basal application and the residual response of lentil was ascertained in the rice–lentil cropping system. Powdery mildew disease index was prepared and it was noticed that plots treated with 40 kg sulfur + 5 kg Zn had less powdery mildew disease index (5.5%). Significantly greater disease index (15.5%) was documented in the fields where both the nutrients were not applied. Maximum lentil seed yield (1147 kg ha?1) was recorded with 30 kg residual S, whereas minimum seed yield (1015 Kg ha?1) was noticed with no application of S in the previous crop in the cropping system.  相似文献   

9.
The nutritional effects in the rat of raw lentil meal or its fractions have been evaluated in three feeding trials. Growth, gain/feed ratio, apparent N digestibility, and N retention were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by the inclusion of whole lentil meal, dehulled lentil meal, or ethanol-extracted lentil meal as the sole source of protein in the diet. Pure lentil lectin and lectin-depleted albumin proteins had no significant negative effect on nutritional performance. In contrast, growth, gain/feed ratio, protein conversion efficiency, N digestibility, and N retention were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by diets containing lentil globulins or lentil hulls. The poor nutritional quality of raw lentil meal for rats is therefore likely to be primarily due to the combined effects of these two components.  相似文献   

10.
A polymorphic population of Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. aborigineus (Burkart) Baudet growing in northwestern Argentina was studied. In order to know the origin of this polymorphism, plants belonging to the var. aborigineus, others showing floral dimorphism and individuals with weedy type characters were collected. Their seeds, obtained after fieldwork treatments of autogamy and free pollination in order to know their reproductive system, were sown in a greenhouse. Information of their growth was recorded and several numerical analyses were performed. With the results obtained, we concluded that those individuals that showed floral dimorphism are probably a result of hybridization and/or introgression between the var. aborigineus and cultivated forms that grow in the area. This hypothesis is supported by the presence of divergent segregation in the offspring. Also, the offspring of the F1 was followed and allowed us to conclude the possible existence of degeneration of the hybrid progeny. This degeneration indicates that an unwanted gene flow in the area could lead to a decline in the wild bean population. The vigour and high reproductive success of the offspring belonging to the individuals corresponding to the var. aborigineus, whose progenitor was treated for outcrossing, and the existence of plants with weedy type characteristics, are indicative of the necessity to preserve this germplasm in order to evaluate its agronomic potential as brief as possible. The population here studied constitutes a wild-weed–crop complex growing in Argentina.  相似文献   

11.
Summary Ascochyta blight induced by Ascochyta fabae f.sp. lentis is a major foliar disease affecting lentil. Screening 248 accessions of the ICARDA wild lentil germplasm collection for resistance to a Syrian isolate of this fungus was conducted under artificial inoculation in a plastic house. The reaction of resistant accessions was confirmed in a second trial. Twenty-four out of 86 accessions of Lens culinaris ssp. orientalis were resistant, as were 12 of 35 accessions of L. culinaris ssp. odemensis, 3 of 35 accessions of L. nigricans ssp. nigricans, 36 of 89 accessions of L. nigricans ssp. ervoides, and all 3 accessions of Vicia montbretii. Sixty-four per cent of resistant sources were from Syria and southeastern Turkey. Disease reaction was uncorrelated both to the altitude of collection and its annual average rainfall. A significant correlation (r = 0.281) between leaflet width and disease reaction was due more to the frequency of the resistant reaction within the narrow-leaved L. nigricans ssp. ervoides than as a function of small leaf area. Disease reaction was uncorrelated with a range of other morphological traits.  相似文献   

12.
Carrier-based (soil/FYM, 1:1) plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolates (Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella planticola and Proteus vulgaris) were tested individually and in combination with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae under field conditions on soybean and lentil crops, respectively, under field conditions. Inoculation of soybean (Glycine max) cv. Pusa 22 with B. subtilis produced maximum nodule number, mass and nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction activity, ARA) followed by B. japonicum (SB 271). Maximum soybean yield was registered with the coinoculation of B. japonicum and B. subtilis over an uninoculated control. Maximum nodulation in the lentil (Lens culinaris) cv. L 4147 was obtained with a combination of R. leguminosarum (L-12-87) and P. vulgaris inoculation followed by a single inoculation with Rhizobium and B. subtilis. None of the PGPR isolates either singly or in coinoculation with R. leguminosarum could significantly influence the yield of the lentil crop.  相似文献   

13.
Vanilla is naturally distributed in Mexico and parts of Central America and the history of origin of cultivated vanilla suggests that the entire stock outside Mexico may be from a single genetic source. In the present study, RAPD polymorphism was used to estimate the level of genetic diversity and interrelationships among different collections of Vanilla planifolia Andr., and few related species, including both leafy and leafless types such as V. tahitensis J.W.Moore, V. andamanica, Rolfe, V. pilifera Holtt., and V. aphylla Blume. Studies revealed that there are very limited variation within collections of V. planifolia, indicative of its narrow genetic base, and of the related species we tested, V. tahitensis is nearest to V. planifolia. The species studied are diverse and have a similarity ranging from 1.2 to 57.3 %. Of the sampled taxa, V. andamanica is the most divergent and there is also reasonable variability within its collections, indicating the possibility of natural seed set. A total of 82 polymorphic bands expressed in the RAPD profiles were used to generate a genetic distance matrix, which was then used in cluster analysis. Specific groupings were revealed by the cluster analysis whereby the leafless forms (V. aphylla, V. pilifera and the new species) and V. andamanica formed separate clusters. This is the first report of species interrelationship studies, including both cultivated and wild vanilla species.  相似文献   

14.
Lentil anthracnose (Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus et W.D. Moore is a potential threat in many lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) production regions of North America. In the lentil germplasm maintained in Germany and North America, 16 lines were reported to have resistance to race Ct1, but none has resistance reported to race Ct0. The objective of this study was to examine accessions of wild Lens species for their resistance to races Ct1 and Ct0 of lentil anthracnose. Five hundred and seventy-four wild accessions of six species and control lines were screened in two replications under both field and greenhouse conditions using a 1–9 scoring scale (1, highly resistant; 2–3, resistant; 4–5, moderately resistant; 6–7, susceptible; and 8–9, highly susceptible). Indianhead and PI 320937 were resistant while Eston and Pardina were susceptible to race Ct1 as expected. However, none of the check lines were resistant to race Ct0. Among the six Lens wild species tested, accessions of Lens ervoides (Brign.) Grande had the highest level of resistance, 3–5 to race Ct1 and Ct0 followed by L. lamottei Czefr. in the field and greenhouse. Lens orientalis (Boiss.), L. odemensis L., L. nigricans (M. Bieb.) Godron and L. tomentosus L. were highly susceptible, 8–9 to race Ct0 in the greenhouse. The highest frequency of resistance, especially in L. ervoides (Brign.) Grande, was found in accessions originating from Syria and Turkey. The usefulness of these L. ervoides (Brign.) Grande accessions as sources of resistance to the more virulent race of anthracnose in a lentil breeding program is discussed.  相似文献   

15.
《Cereal Chemistry》2017,94(3):417-423
The present study aimed to broaden the concept of nutraceutical products by increasing the nutritional and functional properties of rice pudding, locally known as kheer, with improved physicochemical and sensory traits. Three germinated legumes—namely, lentils (Lens culinaris ), green gram (Vigna radiata ), and black gram (V. mungo )—were added at 5, 15, and 25% levels (based on total milk weight) in rice puddings, and rice pudding without legumes was considered the control. Results showed that germinated legumes compared with their nongerminated counterparts were rich in dietary antioxidants and phenolic content of the puddings. Rice pudding incorporating 5% nongerminated and germinated lentil, 5% nongerminated green gram, 5–25% germinated green gram, and 5% nongerminated and germinated black gram showed peak viscosity similar to that of the control, suggesting that the legumes could be incorporated into pudding without bringing any significant changes in peak viscosity of rice pudding. Moreover, it was also observed that control rice pudding and rice puddings containing 5–15% nongerminated and germinated lentils, 5% nongerminated green gram, and 5% nongerminated and germinated black gram were insignificantly different from each other in overall acceptability, as judged by sensory panelists. For this reason, addition of germinated legumes to rice pudding is a unique way to enhance the phenolic content of this dessert without affecting its appetizing flavor.  相似文献   

16.
Diversity in morphological characters of 206 accessions of 14 wild Vigna species from India was assessed. Of these, 12 species belonged to Asian Vigna in the subgenus Ceratotropis and two were V. vexillata and V. pilosa belonging to subgenus Plectotropis and Dolichovigna, respectively. Data on 71 morphological traits, both qualitative and quantitative, were recorded. Data on 45 qualitative and quantitative traits exhibiting higher variation were subjected to multivariate analysis for establishing species relationships and assessing the pattern of intraspecific variation. Of the three easily distinguishable groups in the subgenus Ceratotropis, all the species in mungo-radiata group, except V. khandalensis, viz. V. radiata var. sublobata, V. radiata var. setulosa, V. mungo var. silvestris and V. hainiana showed greater homology in vegetative morphology and growth habit. The species, however, differed in other plant, flower, pod and seed characteristics. Within species variation was higher in V. mungo var. silvestris populations and three distinct clusters could be identified in multivariate analysis. V. umbellata showed more similarity to V. dalzelliana than V. bourneae and V. minima in the angularis-umbellata (azuki bean) group. Within species variations was higher in V. umbellata than other species in the group. In the aconitifolia-trilobata (mothbean), V. trilobata populations, were more diverse than V. aconitifolia. The cultigens of the conspecific wild species were more robust in growth, with large vegetative parts and often of erect growth with three- to five-fold increase in seed size and seed weight, except V. aconitifolia, which has still retained the wild type morphology to a greater extent. More intensive collection, characterisation and conservation of species diversity and intraspecific variations, particularly of the close wild relatives of Asian Vigna with valuable characters such as resistance to biotic/abiotic stresses, more number of pod bearing clusters per plant etc. assumes great priority in crop improvement programmes.  相似文献   

17.
Previously, there has not been any in situ conservation sites for crop germplasm within the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). Using morphologic and molecular (SSR markers) techniques, we assessed the genetic variation present in populations of rock grape (Vitis rupestris Scheele), a native American grape species, throughout its range. We identified seven in situ conservation sites for rock grape using a strategy based on morphologic and molecular data, taxonomic information, population size and integrity, and landholder commitment. In collaboration with federal and state landholding agencies, we have established the first NPGS in situ conservation sites for American wild relatives of a crop.  相似文献   

18.
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19.
几种不同农艺措施对土壤甘薯茎线虫种群动态的影响   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  
以连作5年、甘薯茎线虫病发病严重的甘薯地块为试验田,研究甘薯连作过程中轮作玉米／黑麦、轮作玉米／黑麦＋覆膜、轮作玉米／黑麦＋覆膜＋抗病品种和种植冬季覆盖作物黑麦4种防治方法对土壤甘薯茎线虫种群数量动态的影响。结果表明,轮作玉米／黑麦、轮作玉米／黑麦＋覆膜和轮作玉米／黑麦＋覆膜＋抗病品种3种处理可在甘薯生育前期和收获期显著抑制土壤甘薯茎线虫的种群水平,与连作甘薯相比甘薯茎线虫种群数量分别下降37．24％、49．45％和54．33％。甘薯增产幅度分别为130．34％、132．74％和161．73％。而种植黑麦处理不能显著抑制甘薯茎线虫的种群水平,与连作甘薯相比,甘薯茎线虫种群数量下降23．26％,甘薯增产83．26％,但二者间差异不显著。相关性分析表明,土壤中甘薯茎线虫种群数量与甘薯经济产量呈负相关,相关系数为-0．9789;与甘薯发病率和病情指数呈正相关,相关系数分别为0．9581和0．9754。4种防治方法中轮作玉米／黑麦＋覆膜＋抗病品种处理对土壤甘薯茎线虫种群抑制效果最好,提倡在生产上积极推广。  相似文献   

20.
Climate change has emerged as a major concern for crop production. This study used a field experiment to examine the differential yield responses of barley, lentil, common vetch, and bitter vetch to weather in the Mediterranean region. Crops were grown in a 10-year rotation trial in Lebanon. Precipitation and temperature were used as explanatory variables in simple linear correlation and standardized multiple-regression analyses. Grain yields were not correlated with annual precipitation. Barley grain yield was correlated positively with precipitation from March to May (r = 0.70) and the rainfall distribution index (r = 0.71), but negatively with mean May temperature (r = –0.62) and absolute minimum temperature in January (r = –0.91). Unlike barley, legume grain yield was not correlated with any rainfall parameters. Common vetch grain yield was negatively correlated with mean May temperature (r = –0.68). Grain yield of the two vetches were also correlated negatively with the absolute minimum temperature in January, but grain yield of lentil was not correlated with any weather variable. Standardized multiple-regression analyses showed that mean May temperature had the strongest influence on grain yield of barley, lentil, and common vetch, indicating that, under climate change, higher temperature may have a more deleterious effect on grain yield than lower rainfall. The negative correlation between common vetch and barley grain yields and temperature in May suggests that early sowing to induce earlier flowering and maturity to escape the hot summer may be an option to increase common vetch and barley grain yields.  相似文献   

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