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1.
不同来源蜈蚣草吸收富集砷的特征及植物修复效率的探讨 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
蜈蚣草是一种As的超富集植物,在As污染土壤的植物修复上具有极大的潜力.对中国南方广泛分布的蜈蚣草及其生长的土壤的As含量、形态及土壤理化性质的调查分析表明,蜈蚣草生长的土壤As含量范围为33.7～1396 mg/kg,相应地,蜈蚣草地上部As含量范围为48.5～1104 mg/kg.除阳离子交换量(CEC)外,不同采样地区蜈蚣草生长土壤的理化性质指标,包括pH、总有机质(TOM)和质地均存在显著性差异,反映野外蜈蚣草可生长在不同性质的土壤上.基于回归分析的预测模型显示,蜈蚣草对As污染土壤的植物修复效率随土壤As含量的增加而逐渐降低,蜈蚣草较适用于轻度As污染土壤的修复,对于高As污染土壤,需结合其他修复措施. 相似文献
2.
《土壤通报》2014,(4):1003-1007
通过盆栽试验研究砷(As)的超富集植物蜈蚣草(Pteris vittata)对As污染土壤中As总量的吸收,及形态分布的影响。结果表明,蜈蚣草羽叶、叶柄和根系部对土壤中As的吸收量相差很大,蜈蚣草将吸收的88.2%的As转移至地上部。蜈蚣草对土壤中的As污染具有较好的修复效果,供试土壤中总As量降低了12.4%。同时研究结果显示,蜈蚣草的修复作用改变了土壤中As的赋存形态,残留态As的百分含量从97.41%降低到92.96%,而交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁猛氧化态及有机结合态As的百分含量分别从0.10%、0.07%、1.28%和1.23%上升至0.15%、0.09%、1.73%和5.07%。 相似文献
3.
采用盆栽模拟试验,研究了澳大利亚蕨类植物粉叶蕨对砷的耐性及吸收富集砷的特征,同时比较了澳大利亚粉叶蕨(Pityrogramma calomelanos(L.)Link var.austroamericana(Domin)Farw)和中国蜈蚣草(Pteris vit-tats L.)在澳大利亚的Kurosol土壤上对As的吸收积累差异及植物修复效率.研究结果表明,在As投加浓度为2 400 μmol/kg时,虽然粉叶蕨的生长受到一定抑制,但仍维持了较高的地上部生物量;地上部As含量达到2438.33 mg/kg DW时,超过了砷超积累植物的临界含量标准(1 000 mg/kg);地上部As积累量为21.6 mg/株DW时,地上部对As的生物富集系数为18.6,地上部As含量大于根系As含量,基本符合As超积累植物的基本特征.与As超积累植物蜈蚣草相比较,暴露在As浓度为2 400 μmol/kg环境时,中国蜈蚣草对砷的耐性、地上部As含量及生物富集等方面均明显优于澳大利亚粉叶蕨,其地上部As含量和积累量分别为2 936.13 mg/kgDW和41.1 mg/株DW. 相似文献
4.
黔西煤矿区周边土壤重金属形态特征、污染评价及富集植物筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]研究黔西某煤矿区周边土壤重金属污染情况、重金属形态潜在风险及其周边重金属富集植物,为当地的重金属污染防治提供科学依据。[方法]采用潜在生态风险评价及模糊数学法的两种评价方法(单因素决定模型和加权平均模型)对煤矿区及非煤矿区土壤进行重金属生态风险评价,对影响土壤肥力的土壤理化指标进行检测,利用风险评估编码法对重金属形态进行分析,并采用生物富集系数法对煤矿区周边富集重金属植物进行筛选。[结果]煤矿区Hg,Cd,As,Zn,Cr及Ni平均值含量分别是背景值的2.47,3.65,2.00,1.23,1.74,1.69倍。煤矿区潜在生态危害趋势为:CdHgAsNiCrPbZn。模糊数学法单因素决定模型评价显示,非煤矿区污染大于煤矿区,加权平均模型则反之。煤矿区Cd,Cr,Cu,Mn,Ni,Pb及Zn潜在风险指数分别为69.17%,7.97%,8.24%,40.10%,45.29%,53.70%及29.90%。蜈蚣草对As富集系数大于1.00,火棘、构树、盐肤木、马桑、凤尾蕨及金丝梅等对Cd富集系数大于1.00,马桑及白蒿对Pb富集系数大于1.00。[结论]煤矿区存在重金属污染,以Cd,As,Hg较为严重。煤矿区周边土壤中重金属对环境构成的潜在风险顺序为:CdPbNiMnZnCuCr。对当地而言,蜈蚣草可作为煤矿区周边修复As污染的先行植物,凤尾蕨可作为修复Cd污染的先行植物,马桑可作为修复Pb污染的先行植物。 相似文献
5.
环江县是广西粮食主产区,该地区重金属污染严重,但国内对于重金属复合污染的修复技术缺乏。为了降低复合污染土壤上种植的农作物体内重金属的含量,越来越多的人开始研究不同种植模式对作物吸收重金属的影响,间种模式可以调节田间养分利用,减少植物对重金属的吸收,对土壤修复及产品改良有效。以矿区污染农田为背景,供试土壤为铅锌硫铁矿山的尾砂坝坍塌污染的土壤,进行了蜈蚣草- 玉米、蜈蚣草- 大豆、大豆- 玉米、甘蔗- 大豆的间种试验,试验采用随机区组设计,试验时间1 年,用原子吸收光谱法和石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定重金属含量,通过对比分析单种与间种作物各部位中的Zn、As、Cd、Pb 的含量,探究间种模式对作物重金属的富集量和作物安全性的影响。结果表明,作物重金属含量变化受间种影响明显,玉米- 大豆间种模式比玉米单种籽粒中Pb 的含量下降38%。作物不同部位对重金属的富集能力也不同,As 在大豆体内的分布规律为叶> 茎> 根,而Pb 则为根> 叶> 茎。综上所述,在复合污染土壤中,间种可明显改善重金属对植物的污染,这些结果肯定了间作是重金属污染土壤修复的一个可能切入点。但在试验区种植粮食作物存在较大的健康风险,污染土壤还需进一步治理。 相似文献
6.
土壤中砷吸附机理及其影响因素研究进展 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：15
土壤中砷(As)的生物可利用性、迁移、转化及归宿在很大程度上依赖于其在土壤中的吸附反应.本文首先概述了土壤中As污染物的主要形态、价态及其与吸附的关系,较为系统地介绍了土壤中As吸附的主要影响因素和土壤中As吸附机理等方面的最新研究进展,并重点对X-射线吸收精细结构光谱(XAFS)、红外光谱(IR)等现代分析技术和方法在As吸附研究中的应用和进展进行了论述.由于土壤组分与结构的复杂性,As在环境介质中的吸附机理研究目前仍集中在单纯矿物上的吸附行为,为As在土壤中的吸附研究提供了理论基础.X-射线吸收精细结构光谱及红外光谱研究结果证明As在土壤中的吸附主要与含Fe、Al等矿物结合,形成以双齿双核结构为主的配位结构;其吸附机理与土壤矿物及As污染物的价态、吸附浓度等有关,主要包括表面络合反应和表面沉淀作用:但是土壤中As吸附机理研究还需要进一步深入研究.文章最后分析了有关土壤中As吸附研究的发展趋势和重要动向. 相似文献
7.
蚯蚓对As污染土壤酶活性及其P养分的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从湖南石门县的As矿区附近采集不同程度As污染的农田土壤,分别设置添加秸秆、接种蚯蚓等处理,研究蚯蚓对As污染土壤酶活性及其P养分供给的影响。结果发现,高浓度As土壤的脱氢酶活性显著低于中、低浓度As土壤,而酸性磷酸酶活性及有效P含量则与之相反。蚯蚓+20g秸秆处理在50d时脱氢酶活性最高,而酸性磷酸酶活性则是秸秆处理在100d时最高,且接种蚯蚓和施用秸秆有利于土壤P素的释放。结果表明在施用秸秆条件下接种蚯蚓有利于改善As污染土壤的养分供给,从而改善根际营养。 相似文献
8.
《土壤与作物》2014,(3)
以长春近郊蔬菜种植区土壤为研究对象,研究了土壤中As、Hg含量的分布特征及其潜在生态风险。结果表明:研究区域内蔬菜土壤中As、Hg的含量均低于国家土壤环境质量Ⅱ级标准值,即土壤中As、Hg含量基本上不会对植物生长造成危害,适合于蔬菜种植,但As、Hg含量普遍超过了长春市土壤背景值,且呈现出明显的累积效应。分布特征表明:长春市近郊蔬菜土壤中As、Hg含量可能主要来源于煤炭等燃料的燃烧,最终通过干湿沉降进入土壤,其中东北与西南区域土壤中As、Hg含量最高。相关性分析表明,As、Hg具有一定的同源性,与有机质显著相关,而由于人类活动的影响,As、Hg含量均与pH无显著相关性。总体上菜地土壤具有低潜在生态风险,但局部地区达到了较强的生态危害程度;As呈现低度潜在生态风险,而Hg具有较强潜在生态风险,故应着重加强控制Hg的输入量。 相似文献
9.
砷污染土壤的生物修复研究进展 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
土壤As污染已是全球性问题,我国也不例外,对As污染土壤的生物修复已是研究热点,但相关机理仍不完全清楚.本文综述了国内外微生物、蚯蚓、植物在As污染土壤中吸收转化As及其解As毒机理,以及微生物-植物复合系统修复As污染土壤方面实验室内研究情况.目前广泛认为植物修复土壤重金属/非金属污染较有应用前景,可限于甚至是使用超富集植物单一作用下仍有较多缺陷,如通过微生物技术及蚯蚓调节根际微生态,以利于植物在污染土壤中存活或/和吸收更多的As,将极具应用前景. 相似文献
10.
几种酸和盐对As污染土壤的化学萃取修复 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过实验室浸泡试验,研究了4种酸溶液和2种盐溶液对As污染土壤化学萃取修复的效果及其机理,同时从土壤pH的改变和土壤组分的溶出2个方面研究了化学萃取对土壤的负面影响.结果表明,4种酸溶液中,H3PO4对土壤As的去除效果较好.其次是C6H8O7,HCl和HCIO4则没有明显效果;2种盐溶液中,KH;PO4的效果较好,NH4HCO3的效果不理想.5～200 mmol/L的H2PO4和KH2PO4对土壤As的去除率分别为7.76%～22.85%,6.81%～20.21%.H3PO4对土壤As的去除是风化溶解土壤组分带来As的释放与PO3-4置换土壤As这2种机理共同作用的结果.其中PO3-4发挥了主要的作用;KH2PO4对土壤As的去除则完全归因于PO3-4对土壤As的置换.在去除As的同时,酸溶液不同程度地造成土壤酸化,导致Ca,Mg,Si等土壤组分的溶出,而盐溶液对土壤pH值影响较小,导致土壤组分的溶出也很少.KH2PO4能有效去除土壤As,而且对环境友好,是修复As污染土壤较理想的萃取剂. 相似文献
11.
A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate and compare arsenic accumulation from four arsenic contaminated soils by two arsenic hyperaccumulators, Pteris vittata and Pteris cretica. After growing in soils for six weeks, the plants were harvested and separated into above- and below-ground biomass. Total As, P, Ca, K, glutathione and biomass were measured for the plants, and total As, Mehlich-3 P and As, exchangeable K and Ca, and arsenic fractionation were performed for the soils. Pteris vittata had significantly higher total biomass (14 g/plant) and As accumulation than P. cretica. Arsenic accumulation in both ferns followed the arsenic concentrations in the soil. The P/As molar ratio in the fronds, growing in arsenic contaminated soils, ranged from 80 to 939 in P. vittata and 130 to 421 in P. cretica. Plant arsenic concentrations were significantly positively correlated with Mehlich-3 arsenic in the soils. Soil pH was also significantly correlated with Mehlich-3 arsenic before and after plant uptake. Plant As uptake was significantly correlated with exchangeable potassium in the soil before plant uptake. Glutathione availability was not implicated as a major detoxification mechanism in these ferns. Though both plants were effective in taking up arsenic from various arsenic contaminated soils, P. vittata was overall a better candidate for phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated soils. 相似文献
12.
磷影响下根际无机砷的形态分布及其对水稻生长的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
两种有代表性的紫色土的水稻盆栽试验结果表明 ,磷的加入可减轻受砷污染的红紫泥中砷对水稻的毒害 ;但磷的加入会加剧受砷污染的红棕紫泥中砷对水稻的毒害。根际无机砷的形态分布研究表明 :试验土壤上 ,根际砷各形态都比非根际高 ,砷在根际呈富集状态 ;在根际环境的作用下 ,红紫泥中 ,磷的加入加剧了砷由有效态砷 (Al As、Fe As)向相对无效态砷 (O As)转化 ,砷对水稻的毒性减弱 ;红棕紫泥中 ,磷的加入加剧了砷由相对无效态砷Fe As和Al As向有效态砷Ca As和A As(表示水溶态砷及松结合态砷 )的转化 ,砷对水稻的毒性增强 相似文献
13.
Adsorption of arsenic onto soil was investigated as a means of understanding arsenic-induced release of phosphate. In batch adsorption experiments As adsorption was accompanied by P desorption. At low As additions, the ratio As adsorbed: P desorbed remained constant. At higher As additions, P desorptionreached a maximum while As adsorption continued to increase. The P desorption maximum coincided with an increase in pH.Barley plants were grown on soils spiked with arsenate(0–360 mg As kg-1) to investigate the effect on plant growth and P uptake. As arsenic concentration increased, above ground plant yield decreased and the plants showed symptoms typical of As toxicity and P deficiency. At low As additions to the soil, uptake of As and P by barley increased. At higher As additions P uptake decreased. It is argued that this was due to the change in As:P ratio in the soil solution. It is concluded that input of arsenic to thesoil could mobilise phosphate. Crop yield is likely to be affected, either due to reduced phosphate availability at low arsenic additions or arsenic toxicity at higher additions. 相似文献
14.
不同类型土壤对汞和砷的吸附解吸特征研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
为了探明不同类型土壤对重金属汞和砷吸附、解吸的影响,以性质差异显著的红壤、黑土和潮土为供试土壤,采用批量平衡法,研究了Hg(Ⅱ)和As(Ⅴ)在不同土壤中的吸附-解吸行为。结果表明:(1)Freundlich方程和Langmuir方程均能较好地拟合这3种土壤对Hg(Ⅱ)和As(Ⅴ)的吸附,其中Hg(Ⅱ)的最大吸附量分别为451.33、1699.46和1635.21mg/kg,大小顺序为黑土>潮土>红壤,相关系数(R2)在0.8533～0.9911之间;As(Ⅴ)的最大吸附量分别为818.44、561.87和112.77mg/kg,大小顺序为:红壤>黑土>潮土,相关系数(R2)在0.9223～0.9949之间;而线性方程则不能较好地拟合这3种土壤对Hg(Ⅱ)和As(Ⅴ)的等温吸附。(2)Hg(Ⅱ)和As(Ⅴ)的解吸量随Hg(Ⅱ)和As(Ⅴ)吸附量的增加而增加,两者之间呈显著或极显著的线性正相关,Hg(Ⅱ)的相关系数(R2)分别为0.8668**、0.8971**、0.9969**,As(Ⅴ)的相关系数(R2)分别为0.9987**、0.9964**、0.9858**。研究结果对于探明土壤中汞和砷的环境行为具有重要意义。 相似文献
15.
选取华南地区广泛种植的杂交水稻品种“培杂泰丰”,利用外源添加砷（50 mg·kg-1）的土壤盆栽试验,研究不同施用量的磷硅肥对水稻生长特性和砷积累的影响。结果表明,施用磷硅肥的处理,水稻糙米中砷含量为0.504~0.586 mg·kg-1,低于农业部颁布的粮食中砷限量标准（NY 861—2004）中大米砷限值。相关性分析表明,水稻糙米砷含量与水稻植株的生物量、稻谷千粒重和秸秆中硅/砷摩尔比呈显著负相关,与秸秆中磷/砷摩尔比呈极显著负相关;糙米的砷含量随磷、硅肥的施加而降低。综合分析表明,在华南地区同类中度砷污染土壤中可有效控制砷向水稻籽粒运输累积的磷、硅肥最优施加量及配比为40 mg P·kg-1土、50 mg Si·kg-1土。 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(14):2152-2167
The arsenic (As) resistance of Silene vulgaris is studied on two Mediterranean soils, spiked with As and grown under semicontrolled conditions. The results showed that this species accumulates high amounts of As in roots, but both transfer and translocation factors were far from the values found in the As hyperaccumulator species. Arsenic availability in both tested soils is related to soil parameters as follows: Phosphorus (P) > iron oxides > pH. Silene plants studied did not show visual symptoms of As toxicity except for growth reductions at the greater As doses and in the soil with greater P availability; this would indicate the As resistance ability of this plant population. 相似文献
17.
Maria Martin Rakiba Ferdousi K. M. Jakeer Hossain Elisabetta Barberis 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,212(1-4):27-36
The arsenic contamination of Bangladesh groundwater involves heavy arsenic inputs to irrigated rice fields. Beside adsorption on soil colloids, iron–arsenic co-precipitation phenomena can affect arsenic retention in soils. In paddy fields of Satkhira District, Bangladesh, the study of the arsenic and iron forms in the irrigation waters and in soils at different times and distances from the irrigation well evidenced that a higher Fe/As ratio in the well water was related to a faster oxidation of Fe(II) and As(III) in water and to a close Fe–As association in soils, together with a greater accumulation of arsenic and poorly ordered iron oxides. The concentration of arsenic and of labile iron forms decreased with the distance from the well and with the depth, as well as the reversibility of arsenic binding. The fate of the arsenic added to the soils by irrigation hence resulted strongly influenced by iron–arsenic co-precipitation, depending on the Fe/As ratio in water. Irrigation systems favouring the sedimentation of the Fe–As flocks could help in protecting the rice from the adverse effects of dissolved arsenic. 相似文献
18.
Kenan Gedik Manoch Kongchum Muhammet Boran Ronald D. Delaune 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2016,62(6):856-864
Adsorption and desorption of arsenic (As) in the soil are dominant parameters that affect the mobility and bioavailability of arsenic. Batch arsenate adsorption and desorption experiments were conducted using soils collected from three Louisiana, USA, aquaculture ponds representing different crayfish farming and rice cultural practices. Arsenate adsorption behavior in the soils was investigated using Freundlich and Langmuir sorption equations. Results demonstrated that the Langmuir isotherm model was the best fit based on statistical correlation with soil properties governing adsorption, for the entire range of arsenate concentrations for all soils. Adsorption of As(V) was governed by soil physicochemical properties especially Fe and Al oxides, clay and organic matter. Desorption of As(V) was initially fast, but with increasing incubation times desorption occurred progressively slower. Chemical fractionation of arsenic in the soils showed that the most mobile fraction represented 4.74–5.18% of the total arsenic. A part of this mobile fraction could potentially be taken up by rice and enter the food chain, but would require additional research to quantify. 相似文献