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1.
大气CO2浓度增加对作物光合性能及叶片水分利用效率的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用可精准控制CO_2浓度的大型气候箱设置2个CO_2浓度400和800μmol/mol,研究CO_2浓度升高对大豆(Glycine max (L.) Merr.)、冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)、草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis L.)、黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)和高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)生理特性及叶片水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,大气CO_2浓度升高对大豆、冬小麦、草地早熟禾和高羊茅叶片的净光合速率没有产生显著影响,但却使黑麦草叶片的净光合速率显著增加43%(P0.05)。升高CO_2浓度增加冬小麦、黑麦草和高羊茅的最大羧化速率,而对大豆和草地早熟禾的最大羧化速率和最大电子传递速率没有产生显著的影响。另外,提高大气CO_2浓度导致黑麦草蒸腾速率的降低;同时,草地早熟禾、黑麦草和高羊茅的水分利用效率分别提高161%、175%和74%。不同作物水分利用效率对升高CO_2浓度的响应存在明显差异,3种草坪草的适应能力均高于大豆和冬小麦2种作物。研究结果有助于深入理解CO_2浓度倍增下不同农作物发生光合下调现象的潜在机理,为未来大气CO_2浓度升高情形下生态系统适应性管理提供理论支持。 相似文献
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为了筛选出适合在盐碱地生长的草坪草品种,研究了高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea Schreb．)、多年生黑麦草(Lolium perennel L．)、匍匐翦股颖(Agrostis stolonifera L．)、草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis L．)的耐盐性。通过4种混合盐不同浓度的胁迫处理,测定了种子的发芽率、丙二醛(MAD)和脯氨酸的含量。结果显示,盐临界浓度黑麦草最高(0．94％),其次是高羊茅(0．6％),早熟禾和翦股颖都在0．32％以下。盐极限浓度中黑麦草达到1．22％,其次是高羊茅0．99％,早熟禾和翦股颖都在0．8％以下。黑麦草和草地早熟禾均在含盐量1．2％时MAD达到最大:高羊茅在盐浓度为0．8％时,匍匐翦股颖在盐浓度为1．0％时,MAD达到最大。翦股颖叶片脯氨酸含量增加最快,其次是高羊茅;黑麦草和草地早熟禾的脯氨酸含量变化较小,在浓度为1．0％～1．2％的浓度时才有所增加。根据隶属函数综合分析认为,黑麦草抗盐性最强,其次是高羊茅、翦股颖,早熟禾最差。 相似文献
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草坪锈病是一种流行非常广泛、为害非常严重的真菌性病害,它可以为害绝大多数冷季型草坪草,如早熟禾、黑麦草、狗牙根及高羊茅等,其中以早熟禾、黑麦草受害最为严重。在适宜的环境条件下,锈病夏孢子可以大量发生并迅速蔓延,几天之内就会使草坪大面积感染。初期叶片上出现黄色斑点,发病区草坪看上去颜色不正常,有些发黄; 相似文献
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北京地区典型冷季型草坪草灌水量模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了减少北京地区草坪草灌水量、提高降水量的利用率,该文研究了充分利用降雨条件下的典型冷季型草坪草灌水量。根据典型冷季型草坪草（早熟禾、高羊茅）2003年的田间试验资料对灌溉制度模拟模型（ISAREG模型）进行了率定,然后用2004年的田间试验资料对ISAREG模型进行了验证,最后应用此模型对所研究的两种冷季型草坪草在干旱年、平水年和丰水年及不同养护条件下的灌水量进行了模拟研究。研究结果表明：生长季节内早熟禾、高羊茅的作物系数在0.5～1.0之间;在特级养护条件下,早熟禾和高羊茅所需灌水量分别为432～682 mm/a、462～752 mm/a;在一级养护条件下,早熟禾和高羊茅所需灌水量分别为252～432 mm/a、312～492 mm/a。研究结果可为北京地区冷季型草坪草的灌溉管理提供科学依据。 相似文献
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再生水灌溉草坪对土壤质量影响的试验研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用随机区组设计,研究了再生水(Reclaimed Water)灌溉黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)、早熟禾(Poapratensis)、高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)、结缕草(Zoysia japonica)、野牛草(Buchloe dactyloides)、麦冬(Radix liriopes)6种草坪草对土壤质量的影响,结果表明:(1)再生水灌溉能增加土壤养分,但根据养分在土壤中迁移的难易程度及不同草坪的根系分布特征,再生水灌溉输入的养分在土壤剖面分布不同;(2)再生水灌溉后的土壤虽然碱化度处在5%～10%弱碱化范围,但与自来水灌溉相比,其在土壤剖面中的分布有扩大的趋势;(3)在6种供试草坪草中,再生水灌溉后黑麦草和结缕草土壤质量最好,可见黑麦草和结缕草比较适宜进行再生水灌溉。 相似文献
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北京地区常用草坪草的耗水规律及适宜灌溉量研究 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：17
研究了在北京地区不同供水条件下，草地早熟禾、高羊茅、多年生黑麦草、野牛草、结缕草和狗牙根整个生长季的蒸散量差异和耗水规律。结果表明，蒸散量主要与草坪草的生物学特性有关，受水分条件影响；冷季型草坪草中多年生黑麦草耗水最少，暖季型草坪草中结缕草耗水最少；通过比较坪草和北方主要农作物的KC值，得出草坪与大田作物的需水量相当；北京地区常用草坪草整个生长季的适宜灌溉量为：高羊茅(391.8 mm)>草地早熟禾(368.3 mm)>多年生黑麦草(315.1 mm)>狗牙根(300.7 mm)>野牛草(184.0 mm)>结缕草(110.5 mm)。 相似文献
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植物滞留系统草本植物对人工雨水中铅的富集及去除效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用盆栽试验研究4种草本植物(黑麦草,地毯草,早熟禾,高羊茅)对人工雨水中重金属铅的吸收富集和去除效率,并分析测定不同植物滞留系统介质、不同入口浓度情况下,植物地上部与根部铅含量及铅的去除率。结果表明,4种草本植物对人工降雨径流中的铅均有较好的去除效果,铅的平均去除率在94.73%～98.11%之间。不同草本植物去除人工降雨径流中铅的能力,从强到弱依次为高羊茅>黑麦草>地毯草>早熟禾。其中,4种草本植物对铅的去除率随着入口浓度的增加而增加;对于同一种草本植物同样的入口浓度情况下,沙土Ⅱ为最佳土壤介质,具有最佳的去除铅能力。4种草本植物地上部和地下部磷累积量分别在52.51～111.24μg和34.79～73.54μg之间;其中黑麦草铅累积总量最高,其次是地毯草,最低的是早熟禾。综合考虑污染物去除率和铅在植物体内的累积量,交替种植高羊茅和黑麦草能够提高植物滞留系统去除铅的能力且有利于延长植物滞留系统寿命。 相似文献
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水土保持草坪草种抗旱及返青性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
种植水土保持草坪是防治水土流失的一种有效措施。在气候干旱、土壤侵蚀严重地区研究草坪的抗旱性和返青率具有现实意义。甘肃省水土保持科学研究所于 1997～ 1998年对 10个供试草种进行测定分析 ,结果表明 :匍匐剪股颖、草地早熟禾、拉苏草地早熟禾、卡特多年生黑麦草、猎犬高羊茅、佛浪Ⅰ号高羊茅、皮歇高羊茅 7种草抗旱性较强。草地早熟禾、拉苏草地早熟禾的返青率最高 相似文献
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燕麦幼苗对盐胁迫和碱胁迫的生理响应差异 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
《水土保持学报》2015,(5)
为探讨‘定莜6号’燕麦对盐胁迫和碱胁迫的生理响应差异,采用砂培法研究了不同浓度(0mmol/L,50mmol/L,100mmol/L,150mmol/L和200mmol/L)NaCl和NaHCO3胁迫对幼苗生长、活性氧代谢和渗透调节物质积累的影响。结果表明:(1)随着NaCl和NaHCO3浓度增大,燕麦植株干重及叶片K+含量和K+/Na+明显下降,叶片Na+含量及O2·产生速率、H2O2和MDA含量显著提高。NaHCO3胁迫的上述指标变幅大于NaCl胁迫。(2)不同浓度NaCl和NaHCO3胁迫均引起燕麦叶片SOD、CAT、POD和APX活性提高或降低;NaHCO3胁迫与NaCl胁迫相比抗氧化酶激活或受抑的程度在不同Na+浓度下表现不同。NaHCO3胁迫的燕麦叶片ASA和GSH含量低于相同Na+浓度下的NaCl胁迫,100 mmol/L Na+浓度下GSH含量则相反。(3)50~150 mmol/L Na+浓度下,NaHCO3胁迫的燕麦叶片具有比NaCl胁迫更高的可溶性糖含量,200mmol/L Na+浓度下可溶性糖含量则相反。NaHCO3胁迫的燕麦叶片游离氨基酸含量明显高于NaCl胁迫,脯氨酸含量则相反。上述结果表明,燕麦的耐碱性低于耐盐性,这可能与碱胁迫引起Na+、K+更严重的失衡及活性氧清除系统变化和渗透调节物质积累存在差异有关。 相似文献
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Salinity stress is a major factor limiting the growth of turfgrass irrigated with recycled wastewater. The change in lipid peroxidation in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxide (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) in the shoots and roots of Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue were investigated under salinity stress. Plants were subjected to 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mmol L 1 NaCl for 40 d. The MDA content under salinity stress was lower in tall fescue than in Kentucky bluegrass in both shoots and roots. Activities of SOD in the shoots of both species increased with salinity stress. The activities of CAT and APX decreased in Kentucky bluegrass, but no significant difference in the activities of CAT and APX was observed in tall fescue. The activities of SOD, CAT and APX in the shoots of tall fescue were higher than those in Kentucky bluegrass. In the roots of Kentucky bluegrass, SOD and GR activities increased and CAT and APX activities decreased in comparison with the control. In the roots of tall fescue, salinity increased the activities of SOD, CAT, and APX. These results suggested that tall fescue exhibited a more effective protection mechanism and mitigated oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation by maintaining higher SOD, CAT and APX activities than Kentucky bluegrass. 相似文献
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Efficient use of potassium (K) by turf depends on the ability of roots to absorb a high proportion of the fertilizer K applied to the soil. Among turfgrass genotypes, variation in K absorption kinetics of roots and its inheritance is important in the development of genotypes that are more efficient in K absorption from the soil. Therefore, K uptake kinetics of six cultivars each of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were compared under greenhouse conditions. In 1990 and 1991, field studies of the same cultivars were conducted comparing clipping production rate, leaf blade K concentration, K recovery rate in clippings, K efficiency ratio and visual quality under a moderate K fertilization of 59 kg K/ha/year. Significant differences among species and cultivars were obtained for both absorption kinetics and field recovery of K. Significant correlations between some K uptake parameters and field performance were identified. These results show that genetic differences exist among turfgrasses for K utilization at both the interspecific and intraspecific levels and suggest that a screening program could be developed to identify turfgrass genotypes possessing superior K utilization. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(22):2948-2959
ABSTRACTThe Solvita Soil Labile Amino-Nitrogen (SLAN) and Soil CO2-Burst (SSCB) tests are used in soil health assessments. Field experiments were conducted from 2014–2016 in Connecticut, USA to: (1) determine if SLAN and SSCB concentrations are correlated for a sandy loam soil under predominately Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.] turfgrass lawns, and (2) compare the response of SSCB–C and SLAN–N concentrations in relation to varying rates of an organic fertilizer. Concentrations of SLAN–N were positively and significantly (P < .001) correlated with concentrations of SSCB–C for all years, both species, and combinations of years and species (r = 0.477 to 0.754). The response of SSCB–C and SLAN–N concentrations to organic fertilizer rates were positively linear and significant (P < .01) in all cases but one (2014 tall fescue SSCB–C concentrations). Rates of change across fertilizer rates were generally greater for SLAN–N concentrations. There was greater variation within the SSCB test than within the SLAN test. The results suggest that the SLAN and SSCB tests are well-correlated and both may be able to provide an estimate of a turfgrass soil’s N mineralization potential. 相似文献
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Effect of plant growth-promoting Bacillus sp. on color and clipping yield of three turfgrass species
Esvet Acikgoz Ugur Bilgili Fikrettin Sahin Karl Guillard 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(10):1404-1411
A two-year irrigated field study was conducted to determine the effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR; Bacillus subtilis OSU-142 and Bacillus megaterium M3) as biofertilizer, and in combination with a chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer, on turf color and clipping yield, and interaction of biofertilizer and chemical N fertilizers in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L. Schreb.), and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). The three turf species were tested separately in split-plot design experiments with three replications. Three fertilizer sources (ammonium nitrate only, ammonium nitrate + B. megaterium M3, and ammonium nitrate + B. subtilis OSU-142) were the main plots. N applications with monthly applications of 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 g N/m2 were the subplots. Color ratings and clipping yields increased with increasing chemical N fertilizers in all species. Both Bacillus sp. significantly increased color ratings and clipping yields in perennial ryegrass and tall fescue. However, there were no significant differences among the three fertilizer sources in color and clipping yield of Kentucky bluegrass. The experiments showed that there is a small but significant benefit from applying biofertilizers for turf color, and that N fertilization may be reduced in some turf species when biofertilization are made for this purpose. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(13-14):1861-1877
Abstract An irrigated field trial was conducted to test the effects of white clover in three turfgrass species (perennial ryegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and creeping bentgrass) on color, clipping yield, and botanical composition and to estimate nitrogen (N)2 fixation and N transfer from white clover to associated turfgrass species under different N‐fertilization conditions in 1999–2002. Nitrogen fertilizers significantly increased color ratings in all observations. Grass–white clover mixtures had better color ratings than pure grass at all sampling dates and seasonal averages in unfertilized conditions. Fertilized pure grass plots yielded significantly more than control plots in all turfgrass species. Nitrogen fertilization did not affect clipping yield greatly in turfgrass–white clover mixtures. Nitrogen application significantly decreased white clover percentage in the harvested clippings in second and third year. Nitrogen fertilization increased tissue N concentration positively in all turfgrass species grown alone. In contrast, N fertilization did not greatly affect tissue N concentration of either turfgrass species or white clover in the mixtures. Nitrogen fixation of white clover was estimated as 24.6, 30.7, and 33.8 g m?2 year?1 in perennial ryegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and creeping bentgrass, respectively. The total estimated N2 fixation gradually decreased with increasing N fertilization. Nitrogen transfer from white clover to the associated turfgrass varied from 4.2 to 13.7% of the total N that the white clover fixed annually. 相似文献
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Greenhouse pot trials were conducted to compare the effects of compost sources and planting treatments on turfgrass germination and emergence. Eight seeding treatments and 4 turfgrass types were factorially combined and replicated four times in a completely randomized block design. The seeding treatments were: 1) seed planted on surface of 2.6 cm compost overlying soil, 2) seed planted on soil surface below 0.65 cm compost, 3) seed planted on soil surface below 1.3 cm compost, 4) seed planted on soil surface below 2.6 cm compost, 5) seed planted on soil surface covered with a 2.6 cm straw mat, 6) seed planted below 1.3 cm soil, 7) seed planted below 1.3 cm of 1:1 compost:soil mix, and 8) seed planted on soil surface. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.), and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) were used as the bioassay crops. The experimental design was repeated over time using composts produced with the following feedstocks: yard waste, food waste, dairy manure, biosolids, and paper mill sludge. Emerged seedlings were counted at 11 days for tall fescue, at 3 weeks for Kentucky bluegrass and at 7 weeks for bermudagrass and zoysiagrass. There were significant (P<0.05) effects of seeding treatment x turfgrass type on germination and emergence for each compost type. All of the composts appeared to be well stabilized using routine compost laboratory testing except the biosolids compost, whose use resulted in the lowest overall germination and emergence rate. The highest rates of germination and emergence occurred in the treatments in which the seeds were planted on the surface, regardless of whether the surface was compost or soil. The lowest rate of germination and emergence occurred where the seed was placed under 2.6 cm compost, regardless of compost maturity. 相似文献
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La(NO3)3 对盐胁迫下黑麦草幼苗生长及抗逆生理特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探讨稀土元素镧(La)对牧草盐胁迫伤害的缓解作用, 采用水培法研究了叶面喷施20 mg·L-1La(NO3)3 对NaCl 胁迫下黑麦草幼苗生长及其抗逆生理特性的影响。结果表明: 盐胁迫显著抑制黑麦草幼苗的生长, 提高叶片电解质渗漏率及丙二醛(MDA)、O2- 和H2O2 含量, 其作用随盐浓度的增大而增强。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性和抗坏血酸(AsA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、可溶性蛋白质、脯氨酸含量随盐浓度增大呈先升后降趋势, 可溶性糖和Na+/K+比逐渐增大, 质膜H+-ATP 酶活性逐渐降低, 过氧化物酶(POD)活性及POD 同功酶数量表达增强。喷施La(NO3)3 处理可降低盐胁迫下黑麦草幼苗叶片的O2- 和H2O2 含量, 提高SOD、CAT、POD、APX 和质膜H+-ATP 酶的活性及POD 同功酶的表达, 使AsA、GSH、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸含量及幼苗生物量增加, Na+/K+比降低。表明La(NO3)3 可通过提高抗氧化系统的活性和积累渗透溶质减轻盐胁迫伤害, 从而提高黑麦草的耐盐性。 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(4):716-729
The exponential fertilization method is based on the theory of supplying steady-state nutrition to young seedlings during the early, exponential growth stage. The objective of the research was to find the most effective method of fertilizing turfgrass during the early growth stage following seedling emergence. The field experiment was performed on turfgrass (tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) comparing a check (no fertilizer applied), two conventional fertilization techniques (equal additions and linearly increasing application rates over time) to the exponential additions fertilization method to test the relative effectiveness of this latter technique relative to conventional methods. Results show that the exponential growth period for fescue is the first 5 weeks following planting. Biomass accumulation, total nitrogen (N) concentration, and N content per seedling in turfgrass seedlings fertilized using the exponential addition fertilization technique were 32, 35, and 70% greater than those treated with traditional methods, respectively. 相似文献