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1.
Mine tailings, waste rock piles, acid mine drainage, industrial wastewater, and sewage sludge have contaminated a vast area of cultivable and fallow lands, with a consequence of deterioration of soil and water quality and watercourses due to the erosion of contaminated soils for absence of vegetative cover.High concentrations of toxic elements, organic contaminants, acidic soils, and harsh climatic conditions have made it difficult to re-establish vegetation and produce crops there. Recently, a significant body of work has focussed on the suitability and potentiality of biochar as a soil remediation tool that increases seed emergence, soil and crop productivity, above ground biomass, and vegetation cover on mine tailings, waste rock piles, and industrial and sewage waste-contaminated soils by increasing soil nutrients and water-holding capacity, amelioration of soil acidity, and stimulation of microbial diversity and functions. This review addresses: i) the functional properties of biochar, and microbial cycling of nutrients in soil; ii) bioremediation, especially phytoremediation of mine tailings, industrial waste, sewage sludge, and contaminated soil using biochar; iii) impact of biochar on reduction of acid production, acid mine drainage treatment, and geochemical dynamics in mine tailings; and iv) treatment of metal and organic contaminants in soils using biochar, and restoration of degraded land.  相似文献   

2.
三峡库区土壤营养元素分布特征研究   总被引:34,自引:1,他引:34       下载免费PDF全文
唐将  李勇  邓富银  付绍红 《土壤学报》2005,42(3):473-478
三峡移民工程中土地资源的合理规划利用需要建立在查清区域土壤营养元素背景及分布特征的基础之上,作者利用多目标地球化学调查方法,通过野外实地调查、大面积系统性采集土壤表层样品、测试分析、数理统计,探讨了三峡库区表层土壤中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S、B、Fe、Mn、Mo、Cl等植物生长必需元素在不同土壤类型中的含量分布特征,以紫色土为例探讨了不同分布高度、不同坡度、不同植被条件对其元素含量分布的影响。结果表明:石灰土是营养元素最丰富的土壤,黄壤是营养元素最低的土壤。母岩对土壤元素分布影响明显,灰岩母岩区土壤营养元素最丰富,砂岩母质区土壤养分元素含量最低;同为碎屑岩类的泥岩、粉砂岩、杂砂岩、砂岩母岩区的土壤相比,泥岩类母岩区的土壤养分元素含量相对较高,粉砂岩母岩区土壤养分元素含量居于泥岩与砂岩母岩区土壤之间。随紫色土分布区地形坡度变化,紫色土Ca、Mg、K元素含量无规律性变化,但随地形坡度变缓,N、S、Mo含量明显增高,Fe、Mn、P含量有增高的趋势;随海拔高度降低,紫色土P、S含量增高,Mn、Mo含量有增高的趋势,而其他元素含量无规律性变化。紫色土在相同的母质、气候及相似的地貌条件下,植被覆盖类型不同,土壤中不同元素分异特征差异明显。总体来说,土壤类型是土壤元素分布的主要控制因素,不同土壤类型的元素含量差异十分显著;不同母质来源的土壤元素差异性显著;紫色土的元素分布除受土壤类型控制外,还受地形坡度、高度、植被条件等其他因素的影响,但不同元素受影响的因素及程度不同。  相似文献   

3.
苹果栽培区土壤参数的近红外及中红外测定   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Soil quality monitoring is important in precision agriculture.This study aimed to examine the possibility of assessing the soil parameters in apple-growing regions using spectroscopic methods.A total of 111 soil samples were collected from 11 typical sites of apple orchards,and the croplands surrounding them.Near-infrared(NIR) and mid-infrared(MIR) spectra,combined with partial least square regression,were used to predict the soil parameters,including organic matter(OM) content,pH,and the contents of As,Cu,Zn,Pb,and Cr.Organic matter and pH were closely correlated with As and the heavy metals.The NIR model showed a high prediction accuracy for the determination of OM,pH,and As,with correlation coefficients(r) of 0.89,0.89,and 0.90,respectively.The predictions of these three parameters by MIR showed reduced accuracy,with r values of 0.77,0.84,and 0.92,respectively.The heavy metals could also be measured by spectroscopy due to their correlation with organic matter.Both NIR and MIR had high correlation coefficients for the determination of Cu,Zn,and Cr,with standard errors of prediction of 2.95,10.48,and 9.49 mg kg-1 for NIR and 3.69,5.84,and 6.94 mg kg-1 for MIR,respectively.Pb content behaved differently from the other parameters.Both NIR and MIR underestimated Pb content,with r values of 0.67 and 0.56 and standard errors of prediction of 3.46 and 2.99,respectively.Cu and Zn had a higher correlation with OM and pH and were better predicted than Pb and Cr.Thus,NIR spectra could accurately predict several soil parameters,metallic and nonmetallic,simultaneously,and were more feasible than MIR in analyzing soil parameters in the study area.  相似文献   

4.
西南喀斯特地区城乡融合发展乡村振兴路径研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
西南喀斯特地区是中国乡村振兴建设的重点及难点地区。针对西南喀斯特地区乡村振兴发展条件及面临的问题,该文探讨了西南喀斯特地区城乡发展关系、乡村振兴的路径。研究表明:1)西南喀斯特地区应在已有城镇体系的基础上,构建以小城市、小城镇、重点镇及中心村为主体的新型山地特色城镇体系,完善城乡城镇体系,在提高城镇化率,减少乡村人口及乡村数量的基础上实现乡村振兴。2)以新型山地特色城镇体系和农业现代化转型为核心,促进乡村经济与城市经济的深度融合,形成乡村振兴的"内源"驱动发展机制。3)乡村振兴路径,应结合西南喀斯特山地特色,实施新型山地特色城镇体系建设工程,通过城镇的辐射带动,促进城市经济与乡村经济融合;实施以"劳动+技术+资本"多重集约化为特征的农业现代化转型,提高单位土地生产率和劳动生产率,保障农户收入持续增加;实施山地特色农业的纵向、横向延伸产业化工程建设,实现农业生产与经济发展的深度融合,实现农业的内源驱动发展。4)乡村振兴政策,应着力从创新农业经营体系,加强智力、人才支持,创新农村土地利用管理体制机制,因地制宜、科学规划,完善基础设施等方面,保障乡村发展转型与振兴。  相似文献   

5.
Heat and alkali treatments of foods, widely used in food processing, result in the formation of dehydro and cross-linked amino acids such as dehydroalanine, methyldehydroalanine, beta-aminoalanine, lysinoalanine (LAL), ornithinoalanine, histidinoalanine (HAL), phenylethylaminoalanine, lanthionine (LAN), and methyl-lanthionine present in proteins and are frequently accompanied by concurrent racemization of L-amino acid isomers to D-analogues. The mechanism of LAL formation is a two-step process: first, hydroxide ion-catalyzed elimination of H(2)S from cystine and H(2)O, phosphate, and glycosidic moieties from serine residues to yield a dehydroalanine intermediate; second, reaction of the double bond of dehydroalanine with the epsilon-NH(2) group of lysine to form LAL. Analogous elimination-addition reactions are postulated to produce the other unusual amino acids. Processing conditions that favor these transformations include high pH, temperature, and exposure time. Factors that minimize LAL formation include the presence of SH-containing amino acids, sodium sulfite, ammonia, biogenic amines, ascorbic acid, citric acid, malic acid, and glucose; dephosphorylation of O-phosphoryl esters; and acylation of epsilon-NH(2) groups of lysine. The presence of LAL residues along a protein chain decreases digestibility and nutritional quality in rodents and primates but enhances nutritional quality in ruminants. LAL has a strong affinity for copper and other metal ions and is reported to induce enlargement of nuclei of rats and mice but not of primate kidney cells. LAL, LAN, and HAL also occur naturally in certain peptide and protein antibiotics (cinnamycin, duramycin, epidermin, nisin, and subtilin) and in body organs and tissues (aorta, bone, collagen, dentin, and eye cataracts), where their formation may be a function of the aging process. These findings are not only of theoretical interest but also have practical implications for nutrition, food safety, and health. Further research needs are suggested for each of these categories. These overlapping aspects are discussed in terms of general concepts for a better understanding of the impact of LAL and related compounds in the diet. Such an understanding can lead to improvement in food quality and safety, nutrition, microbiology, and human health.  相似文献   

6.
The headspace volatile components of roots, stems, leaves, and flowers of Echinacea angustifolia,E. pallida, and E. purpurea were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Over 70 compounds were identified in the samples. All plant tissues, irrespective of the species, contain acetaldehyde, dimethyl sulfide, camphene, hexanal, beta-pinene, and limonene. The main headspace constituents of the aerial parts of the plant are beta-myrcene, alpha-pinene, limonene, camphene, beta-pinene, trans-ocimene, 3-hexen-1-ol, and 2-methyl-4-pentenal. The major headspace components of root tissue are alpha-phellandrene (present only in the roots of E. purpurea and E.angustifolia), dimethyl sulfide, 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal, 2-methylpropanal, acetaldehyde, camphene, 2-propanal, and limonene. Aldehydes, particularly butanals and propanals, make up 41-57% of the headspace of root tissue, 19-29% of the headspace of the leaf tissue, and only 6-14% of the headspace of flower and stem tissues. Terpenoids including alpha- and beta-pinene, beta-myrcene, ocimene, limonene, camphene, and terpinene make up 81-91% of the headspace of flowers and stems, 46-58% of the headspace of the leaf tissue, and only 6-21% of the roots. Of the 70 compounds identified, >50 are reported in Echinacea for the first time.  相似文献   

7.
当前西南黄壤地区辣椒生产中,大量元素肥料配比不合理,钙、镁肥料投入不足是限制辣椒提质增效的重要因素。基于辣椒的养分需求规律设计了辣椒配方肥,并在此基础上添加钙镁形成含钙镁辣椒配方肥。同时在重庆石柱和贵州锦屏分别进行田间试验,研究含钙镁辣椒配方肥对辣椒产量、植株干物质累积量、钾钙镁养分平衡、氮磷肥偏生产力、品质及经济效益的影响。结果表明:与普通复合肥处理相比,配方肥的施用能显著提高磷肥偏生产力,两试验点平均提高63.7%;含钙镁普通复合肥和含钙镁配方肥的处理辣椒干物质累积量和产量显著增加了41.8%和44.3%,并提高了农户经济效益;同时促进了辣椒植株钾、钙、镁养分向可食用部分的转移,分别提高果实维生素C含量35.7%和29.7%。施用含钙镁普通复合肥和含钙镁辣椒配方肥分别较普通复合肥提高了氮肥偏生产力30.5%和37.3%,提高磷肥偏生产力30.5%和117.9%,同时增加土壤钙镁盈余。综上,在西南黄壤辣椒种植区,施用含钙镁辣椒配方肥能显著提高辣椒的产量和品质,增加农户收益,同时有效提高氮和磷肥偏生产力。  相似文献   

8.
茶叶在种植、生产、加工及消费环节中会产生大量的茶剩余物,茶生物质呈中空多孔隙结构,富含纤维素、木质素、半纤维素及茶多酚、茶多糖等多种活性成分,在农牧业、医疗健康、食品、环境治理及复合板材领域具有广泛应用前景,尤其是茶生物质/高分子复合材料的研究与应用得到快速和广泛发展。该文首先概述了茶生物质资源特点及其化学组成,然后综述了茶生物质填充不同高分子复合材料的研究进展,并介绍了茶生物质填充高分子复合材料在刨花板、仿木材料、吸声材料、制浆造纸、环境治理及功能食品中的应用研究现状。并指出今后须加强:1)茶生物质中多种组分的综合化、集成化利用研究;2)茶生物质木塑复合材料在阻燃、电学、热学及抗菌除臭等性能研究;3)茶生物质填充高分子复合材料在旅游、养生、装修等领域的应用基础研究;4)茶生物质生化成分变化对茶食品口味、外观及保健功能的影响机制研究。  相似文献   

9.
采用盆栽方式,探讨了栽培于腐熟羊粪、沙土、轻粘土中的平邑甜茶[Malus hupehensis(Pamp) Rehd] 幼树的生长、根系形态与营养吸收的特性。结果显示,羊粪处理平邑甜茶幼树新梢生长量最大,主根和侧根粗长、侧根多,对磷、钙及铁的吸收能力较低;沙土处理的新梢生长量最小,侧根细及少,对磷、钾、钙、铁及锌等元素的吸收能力强;粘土处理的新梢生长量和根系特征参数居于羊粪和沙土处理之间。沙土施羊粪后,平邑甜茶幼树新梢生长量增大,主根增粗、增长,侧根增多且粗长,对磷、钾、钙、铁及锌等营养元素的吸收能力明显下降;而粘土施羊粪,植株叶片增多,主根粗度及长度降低,二级侧根增多、增粗,对钾的吸收能力提高。  相似文献   

10.
A study was made of the effects of soil salinity on dry matter production, grain yield, and the uptake, distribution and redistribution of mineral nutrients in irrigated grain sorghum. Soil salinity (EC, 3.6 mS/cm) reduced seedling establishment by 77%, and dry matter and grain yields per plant by 32%; grain yield/ha was reduced by 84%. Salinity reduced grain number per head, but not individual grain size. The accumulation of dry matter and most nutrients was reduced by salinity, but the distribution and redistribution of nutrients within the plant were largely unaffected. Redistributed dry matter provided 52 and 31% of the grain dry matter for control and salt‐affected plants, respectively. Salt‐affected plants had a greater proportion of their sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and chloride (Cl) in stems and leaves than control plants at maturity. Grain had 50–90% of the nitrogen <N), phosphorus (P), S, and Mg, 20–50% of the potassium (K), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu), but < 20% of the calcium (Ca), Na, Cl, and iron (Fe) contents of the whole plant. Over 65% of the N and P, and from 20 to 30% of the K, S, Mg, Cu, and Zn was redistributed from the stem and leaves to grain. There was no redistribution of Ca, Na, Cl, Fe, and Mn. Leaves were more important than the stem as a source of redistributed N, but the leaves and stem were equally important as sources of redistributed P, K, S, Mg, and Cu. Redistribution from the stem and leaves provided 80% of the K and 20–50% of the N, P, S, Mg, Zn, and Cu accumulated by grain. Concentrations of Na, and especially Cl, were high in vegetative organs of salt‐affected plants, but not in grain. It was concluded that although moderate salinity was detrimental to the establishment and yield of grain sorghum, it had little effect on patterns of distribution and extents of redistribution of mineral nutrients.  相似文献   

11.
基于模型和GIS的数字棉作系统的设计与实现   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
为了进一步发展和完善棉花模型的综合模拟功能,提高其生产管理系统的机理性、数字化、可靠性和通用性水平,该研究运用软构件和参数化技术,决策支持与系统设计技术,结合GIS空间技术,充分发挥模拟模型的动态预测功能、GIS的空间信息管理功能、知识模型的管理决策功能,最终建立了基于数字模型和模拟分析的网络化数字棉作栽培管理决策系统,该系统以品种、气候、土壤、生产条件等数据作为基本输入,可为农业生产者、管理人员和科技人员等不同用户提供棉作区划、方案设计、模拟预测、实时调控、生产分析等棉花生产管理服务。系统的实现为棉花生产系统的数字化设计、精确化预测、动态化管理和网络化控制提供了支持。  相似文献   

12.
现代农用天气预报业务及其有关问题的探讨   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
马树庆 《中国农业气象》2012,33(2):278-282,288
为了更好地开展现代农业气象业务,提升气象为农服务能力,文章从涵盖农林牧副渔的大农业生产需求出发,阐述了现代农用天气预报的定义、原理、业务内容、技术方法与工作流程,并就其业务范围、预报时效、区域业务重点等展开讨论.文章指出,现代农用天气预报业务基于农业生产与天气的相关性、农事的可选择性和天气预报能力的不断提高,其主要特征发生了较大变化,一是强调天气预报、农业气象指标和农业气象评价技术的结合,而不仅仅是对农用天气的预报;二是业务涉及面广泛,除了为粮棉油生产服务的传统农用天气预报外,还包括林用、牧用、渔用、设施农业天气预报等;三是预报能力明显提高,对出现的时间、地点和数量预报已逐步实现精细化;四是主要业务在现代信息技术和业务系统上运行,定量化和客观化水平更高.文章认为,农用天气预报业务应明确业务范围,突出区域特点和工作重点,并注重业务产品的时效性和实用性.  相似文献   

13.
为从数据采集的硬件设备和信息处理分析的软件上支撑“生产建设项目水土保持监管示范”工作,根据现代空间技术、测绘技术和信息技术的新发展,结合水土保持监督检查工作的新需求,在全面分析生产建设项目水土保持监管工作的数据及其管理需求的基础上,通过监管业务定制创新、软件硬件集成创新及其应用创新,研制开发了“基于高分影像和云数据管理的生产建设项目水土保持监管系统”,实现了水土保持监督检查基础数据管理、监管信息采集与分析、生产建设活动合规性判别与预警、空间数据GP服务、数据一键导入与导出以及信息发布与共享服务.2年多的测试和推广应用表明,系统为强化生产建设项目水土保持监管内业与外业工作的流程化和规范化,开展生产建设活动的时空合规性和量质合规性即时分析和监督检查的动态管理与历史分析,为实现生产建设活动水土保持情况的网络联动与交互性可视化提供了坚实的技术基础,对进一步提高水土保持监督检查效能、推进生产建设单位积极主动落实水土保持方案等发挥了良好作用.  相似文献   

14.
宁波市水土保持区划研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
宁波市的水土保持区划工作始于2000年.当时主要依据宁波市地形地貌特点的水土保持区划,已不能适应新时期水土保持工作的需求.为科学指导宁波市今后的水土保持工作,在全国水土保持三级区划的基础上,结合宁波市的自然条件、水土流失发生发展趋势和社会经济发展对水土保持的需求,有必要重新进行水土保持分区.作者采用叠图分析法,将全市划分为北部农田防护水质维护区、中部人居环境水质维护区、东南土壤保持水质维护区和西部水源涵养生态维护区等4个不同的水土保持分区.北部农田防护水质维护区,重点加强耕地、园地和林地等具有重要生态功能土地的保护,改善平原河网水质;中部人居环境水质维护区,重点加强城市开发建设中土石弃渣和泥浆处置的管理,构建生态走廊,改善人居环境和河湖水质;东南土壤保持水质维护区,重点改造治理低质林地,完善沿海防护林建设,对经济林园地实施保土耕作措施,提高土地利用综合效益;西部水源涵养生态维护区,重点采取封山育林措施,充分发挥植被拦截泥沙、调蓄径流、涵养水源和治理面源污染的能力.通过合理的区划,以期科学指导宁波市今后的水土保持工作.  相似文献   

15.
基于土地消纳粪便能力的畜禽养殖承载力   总被引:18,自引:5,他引:18  
为了评估北京市平谷区畜禽养殖承载潜力及其污染潜势,该文针对生态涵养区果园占农用地比例大这一特点,参考欧洲标准和相关文献设定了耕地和果园的氮(磷)限量标准,并分析平谷区及其各乡镇耕地和果园对畜禽养殖的承载潜力。结果表明:1)全区农用地平均粪便负荷为16.7 t/hm2,低于30 t/hm2的国家标准,果园对粪便的负荷占农用地总负荷量的66.42%,是最主要的消纳畜禽粪便的载体;2)全区尚有一定的畜禽承载潜力,以氮、磷计分别为6.25万头猪当量和9.48万头猪当量,但各乡镇承载潜力差异显著,兴谷等8个乡镇属于过量承载,具有很高的污染风险,而大华山等9个乡镇仍有较大的承载潜力。研究结果可为平谷区养殖业布局调整、环境污染治理和畜禽粪便资源化利用等决策提供支持。  相似文献   

16.
为解决水稻生产过度依赖化肥及其环境和高效利用问题,探讨贵州黄壤稻田科学施用生物炭。在贵州省思南县典型黄壤稻田开展氮肥不减量(T0)和氮肥减10%施2.5 t/hm2(T1),氮肥减20%施5.0 t/hm2(T2),氮肥减30%施7.5 t/hm2(T3),氮肥减40%施10.0 t/hm2生物炭(T4)和不施肥对照(CK)共6个处理3次重复田间小区随机区组试验,研究了氮肥减量施生物炭对水稻产量、产量构成和氮磷钾养分吸收利用的影响。结果表明,氮肥减量施生物炭显著影响贵州黄壤稻田水稻产量、产量构成、地上部氮磷钾积累量和利用效率。水稻产量和氮磷钾积累量随氮肥减量和生物炭用量增加先增大后减小。2019年、2020年和2021年水稻实际产量和理论产量均分别以T2、T3和T2最高,较T0分别显著增产16.04%,17.94%和14.73%以及55.72%,64.08%和118.91%,水稻籽粒N、P2O5和K2O积累量、偏生产力、农学效率、表观利用率和收获指数均较高,是较好的氮肥减量施生物炭处理。产量—施生物炭量回归方程和极值分析表明,2019年、2020年和2021年氮肥分别减量21.76%,24.60%和19.00%(即32.64,36.90,28.50 kg/hm2)施生物炭量5.44,6.15,4.75 t/hm2时水稻产量最高(分别为7.80,8.57,8.03 t/hm2),较T0分别增产22.52%,18.78%和13.74%。氮肥减量施生物炭显著提高氮磷钾化肥利用率,但导致化肥+生物炭磷和钾利用率降低,因此,贵州黄壤稻田施生物炭时应氮磷钾化肥同步减量,降低比例以氮磷钾减量19.00%~24.60%,施生物炭5.00~6.25 t/hm2为宜。研究结果对指导贵州黄壤稻田氮磷钾化肥减量和施生物炭具有重要指导意义。  相似文献   

17.
[目的] 瞄准中国碳达峰、碳中和目标及其时间表,探索水土保持碳汇的主要途径与特征,为全面提升水土保持碳汇能力,科学推进水土流失综合治理高质量发展提供借鉴。[方法] 参考和借鉴国内外相关研究成果,系统性地分析了水土保持碳汇的学科应用基础及其协同作用机理,主要途径和物质表现,总结提出了水土保持碳汇的主要特征。[结果] 水土保持碳汇作用是在植物措施、工程措施和耕作措施3大类水土保持措施的共同参与下,通过植物、土壤和水体等多种途径协同发挥的,可消减大气中CO2并将其转化为多种含碳化合物储存在植物及其产品、土壤和水体中。水土保持碳汇途径包括植物途径、土壤途径和水体途径。水土保持碳汇物质包括生物量、无生命有机质、土壤有机质和水体碳素。水土保持碳汇主要特征包括多种治理措施共同作用;多种碳汇途径相互交织;碳汇物质的现地性;碳汇特征短历时碳汇明显,全周期呈弱碳汇。[结论] 生态文明建设新阶段的水土保持工作,应全面推行碳汇水土保持,实施碳汇监测评价,扩大高碳汇水土保持措施,开展清洁生态小流域建设,避免水土流失与其治理措施损毁导致的碳排放,进一步提升碳汇增量,巩固碳汇能力。  相似文献   

18.
Soils are the central organizer of the terrestrial ecosystem. Their colloidal and particulate constituents, be they minerals, organic matter, and microorganisms, are not separate entities; rather, they are constantly interacting with each other. Interactions of these components control biogeochemical reactions, namely, the formation of short-range-ordered metal oxides, catalysis of humic substance formation, enzymatic stability and activity, mineral transformation, aggregate turnover, biogeochemical cycling of C, N, P, and S, and the fate and transformation of organic and inorganic pollutants. Furthermore, the impacts of mineral–organic matter–microorganism interactions and associated biogeochemical reactions and processes on biodiversity, species composition, and sustainability of the terrestrial ecosystem deserve close attention for years to come. This paper integrates the frontiers of knowledge on this subject matter, which is essential to uncovering the dynamics and mechanisms of terrestrial ecosystem processes and to developing innovative management strategies to sustain ecosystem health on the global scale.  相似文献   

19.
近200年来渭河流域干旱洪涝事件特征   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
通过对渭河流域1813—2017年旱涝灾害资料的收集整理,重建旱涝等级以及指数序列,采用滑动t检验及小波分析等方法,分析了渭河流域近200年来旱涝变化规律。结果表明:近200年来渭河流域发生水旱灾害共111次,水灾和旱灾分别发生了55次和36次,同年水旱灾害交替出现20次,发生频率由高到低依次为:轻度旱灾 > 中度旱灾 > 轻度涝灾 > 旱涝交替 > 中度涝灾 > 重大涝灾及重大旱灾。旱涝灾害的发生具有明显的阶段性:1833—1880年、1914—1933年为中度和重大旱灾的多发期,1894—1910年、1933—1939年为中度和重大涝灾多发阶段。旱涝演变存在5~7年、10~11年、18~20年、60年和105~110年周期震荡。110年左右的周期震荡最强,为第一主周期,第二主周期为60年,第三主周期为20年,同时检验出旱涝有5个突变年,分别为1825年、1881年、1914年、1933年及1981年。空间分布上,渭南地区旱灾发生频率最高,天水和铜川次之,渭河源头处发生频率最低。西安、渭南涝灾发生频率最高,天水、宝鸡、咸阳次之,渭源和铜川涝灾发生频率最低。  相似文献   

20.
转型期中国农村土地综合整治重点领域与基本方向   总被引:27,自引:14,他引:13  
该文以中国社会经济转型发展为切入点,探讨转型期中国农村土地综合整治面临的宏观背景和现实需求,进一步梳理和明确转型期中国农村土地综合整治基本方向、战略重点。结果表明,当前中国社会经济转型将进入较为剧烈、各类矛盾较为突出的关键时期,中国农村土地综合整治应立足农村、联动城乡,搭建新农村建设和城乡统筹发展新平台。以农用地整治及宜耕土地开发为先导,以农村居民点用地整治为战略重心是当前中国土地整治研究重点领域和核心内容。同时,基于农村土地整治多功能性,开展土地综合整治的多区域、多尺度社会经济、生态环境影响过程及其效应研究。把生态文明建设融入农村土地整治的全过程,以促进城乡一体化发展和适应现代农业专业化、标准化、规模化和集约化发展要求为目标,以维护农民合法权益为前提,以集中连片推进为手段,开展多目标土地综合整治是转型期中国农村土地整治的基本方向。并应加强对农村土地综合整治过程涉及的资金筹措与权益分配、资源环境效应及其整治模式等方面的研究。  相似文献   

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