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南小河沟水土保持科技示范园建设的实践 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
南小河沟水土保持科技示范园在开展新项目建设的同时,集成组装、有机配套园区近60年水土保持试验研究、观测监测、示范推广等方面的诸多项目成果,消化与吸收国内外新的先进技术,按照总结完善提高的原则建成了科学试验、技术示范、科普教育和生态观光四大基地,建成了南小河沟数字小流域系统,为四大基地提供信息管理和支持服务,直观地展示了黄土高塬沟壑区水土保持综合防治技术体系,起到了典型示范、辐射带动和对外交流的作用。 相似文献
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黄委天水、西峰、绥德水土保持科学试验站(简称"三站")始终坚持"面向水土流失综合治理,服务水土流失综合治理"的建站宗旨,多年来积累了大量观测数据,取得了大批研究成果,培养了一支水土保持专业队伍,为黄土高原水土流失治理、地方经济社会发展、黄河流域生态建设做出了重要贡献。但是随着国家经济社会的发展和改革开放的深入,"三站"正面临着与发展不适应的问题和改革的新机遇。为了在"十三五"期间实现研究示范能力升级提质,"三站"必须"顺应大势,巩固优势,探索改革"。在西峰南小河沟水土保持科技示范园、绥德辛店沟水土保持科技示范园、天水水土保持科技示范园建设升级提质方面进行了探索。 相似文献
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<正>二龙山水土保持科技示范园位于黑龙江省宾县城西4.5km,距哈尔滨市约55km,总面积50.48 hm~2,经过多年治理后园区年均土壤侵蚀模数从3155t/km~2下降到754t/km~2。园区包括科普教育区、综合治理示范区、生态修复区、苗木展示区和监测区5个功能区,目前已成为东北地区独具特色的水土保持宣教、监测、技术示范与推广基地,能够满足水土保持观摩、交流合作与科普教学的社会需求,为指导东北黑土区水土保持生态建设发挥了重要的科技支撑、典型带动和示范辐射作用。黑龙江省水土保持科学研究所以园区为平台,与东北林业大学、东北农 相似文献
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龙寺水土保持科技示范园区所在的龙寺生态园,为国家AAA级景区、全国五星级休闲农业与乡村旅游企业、全国农业旅游示范点,2020年被水利部评为国家水土保持科技示范园。园区占地170 hm^2,山水相依,沟塘相连,植被茂盛,景观多样,生态良好,环境优美。园区建设基于龙寺生态园自然条件,坚持园林景观理念,充分运用景观生态学、园林生态学原理和系统工程方法,科学规划,精心建设多种水土保持措施,配套建设有展馆、现场演示教育、植物认知、水保知识长廊、人工降雨模拟展示等科普设施,探索具有太湖丘陵区特色的水土保持技术体系与治理模式,现已成为集水土保持治理和社会宣传、科学研究与普及、示范推广与休闲观光于一体的国家级水土保持科技示范园区,是无锡水土保持科普工作的重点基地。 相似文献
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榆林沟水土保持科技示范园位于庄浪县榆林沟流域上游,园区总面积4.2 km2,建设有小流域水土保持综合治理示范区、坝系工程开发利用示范区、梯田综合开发示范区、水土保持科普教育宣传区、水土保持产业经济示范区5个功能区。园区建设标准高、示范作用突出、科技措施得力、综合效益显著,为黄土高塬丘陵沟壑区开展水土保持科学试验、小流域综合治理示范、水土保持监测和青少年水土保持科普教育提供了专用场所。介绍了示范园的建设概况、主要成效和做法,并针对园区建设中存在的问题,提出了拓展园区功能、挖掘旅游资源、提升园区效益等建议。 相似文献
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安阳市近10年来建成的水土保持工程的主要建设管理方式可分为3种,即:乡村组织治理,完成后分配给农户分散经营;乡村组织治理,由村成立专业队代表村集体管理;把小流域或荒山承包给个体或私人经济组织,由其自行治理和经营管护。3种建管方式中以后者为最优,其经济效益是分散经营管理的5倍、专业队经营管理的3.5倍。针对水保工程建设管理中存在的问题和适应农村税费改革等要求,提出了加快安阳市水保生态建设的建议。 相似文献
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我国滑坡、崩塌的区域特征、成因分析及其防御 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
论述了我国滑坡、崩塌的区域分布特征,滑坡和崩塌的危害程度,滑坡和崩塌类型和成因分析,并且提出了灾害的防御措施,以期达到环境保护成为社会发展过程中的一个重要组成部分。 相似文献
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为探讨硒、钴在提高苜蓿生长影响,在河南省沿黄滩区,开展了硒、钴单施和配施下对紫花苜蓿生长以及产量和品质影响研究。结果表明,硒、钴单施和配合基施均能够显著提高苜蓿从现蕾到开花期的净光合能力,降低呼吸消耗,提高单位叶面积干物质的生产速率,有利于苜蓿花前青干草生产和果实发育;其中,以硒570 g/hm2、钴762g/hm2配施下效果显著,青干草增产8.06%,种子千粒重可提高12.85%。单施钴和硒钴配施还能促进0—20 cm耕层苜蓿根瘤菌的生长和积累,增强苜蓿的固氮能力。说明硒钴合理基施对苜蓿青干草和优质种子生产具有很好的应用效果。 相似文献
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Much evidence has indicated that the occurrence of montmorillonite and vermiculite containing Al-interlayers is very common in solis, particularly acid soils. Viewed in the light of soil clay minerology, it would be required to investigate the properties of their original minerals. For the latter purpose, the Al-interlayer has been removed prior to the Mg-glycerol,K-saturation and heating tests for identification of montmorillonite and vermiculite. Its removal has been accomplished in sevsral ways; KOH plus KCl (1), NH4F, KCl plus HCl (2), Na-citrate (3),400C de hydroxylation-NaOH (4) dissolution. Although these methods are effective for the removal of Al-interlayers, they seem drastically to affect the minerals or are time-consuming. Inthe course of the study of hydroxy-Al interlaid complexes of expanding 2:1 layer lattice clay minerals, the authors have noticed the difference between the (001) spacings of hydroxy-Al complexes of montmorillonite and vermiculite; the former exhibited the 20 A basal spacing at room temperature against the 14 A spacing of the latter. This difference might be useful for differentiating montnmorillonite-chlorite intergrades in soils. 相似文献
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平原地区河道堤防滩地的水土流失,直接淤积河床,影响行洪安全。堤防滩地的水土流失是自然因素和人为因素共同作用的结果,以新修堤防的水土流失最为严重,对其防治须实行工程措施、植物措施和人为预防相结合。 相似文献
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The effects of biochar (maize biochar – MBC, wood biochar – WBC) and unfermented or fermented hydrochar (HTC) on the euedaphic Collembola Protaphorura fimata and on spring wheat were investigated in greenhouse experiments. The impact of char type, amount of fermented HTC, and MBC-Collembola interactions were assessed. Generally, shoot and root biomass as well as abundance of P. fimata were not affected by the different chars. However, with increasing amounts of fermented HTC the abundance of P. fimata declined, whereas shoot biomass of wheat increased. Moreover, MBC altered root morphology and resulted in thicker roots with higher volume. The latter was not apparent when Collembola were present. 相似文献
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Potatoes (Solarium tuberosum L.) and carrots (Daucus carota L.) were grown in the field on Tasmanian ferrosols (humic eutrudox) which had been limed either 2, 3, or 5 years earlier, and where tuber cadmium (Cd) concentrations in potatoes grown a few months after the liming had shown no lime response. In the current crops lime decreased potato tuber Cd by about 30% and carrot root Cd by about 50%. We attributed the decrease to more even and deeper mixing of the lime with the soil by the harvest of the first potatoes. Phosphorus (P) fertilizer residues from the earlier potato crops did not significantly affect tuber or root Cd, but there was a positive effect at 1 site where some high Cd P fertilizer had earlier been used. Neither lime nor P fertilizer residues affected potato or carrot yields. Analysis at one site of potato tubers from the upper part of the soil ridges showed that they had slightly higher Cd concentrations than did deeper tubers near the fertilizer band, whether P fertilizer was in the band or not. This suggests that either the Cd in the fertilizer band was relatively unimportant as a Cd source for the current crop, or that Cd was redistributed within the plant during the season, or both. Liming may be a suitable medium to long‐term strategy for decreasing Cd uptake by root crops, but site to site and seasonal variation can still be great, and knowledge of other major influences is needed for assurance of produce quality. Our observations need to be extended to sites which gives rise to higher Cd concentrations in agricultural produce, and to other soil types. Potato common scab was severe in the limed plots at one site. However, this site had grown 3 potato crops in 5 years, which probably exacerbated the disease. Potato processors in Tasmania demand a minimum of 5 years between successive crops which should slow any build up of scab due to liming, but more work on possible interactions between lime and rotation length on scab incidence is needed before liming can be recommended as a Cd control measure for potatoes. 相似文献
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水土流失动态监测与评价研究现状与问题 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13
美国等国家已将遥感、ＧＩＳ技术广泛应用于水土流失动态监测与预报,并开发出基于物理过程的土壤侵蚀预报模型。中国在水土流失地面观测、遥感监测方面已取得许多成果,但在区域土壤侵蚀评价、预报模型开发方面,缺少系列化观测与统计数据,已有的坡面土壤侵蚀模型等在通用性、适用性方面还存在不少问题。当前急需解决的问题是建立水土流失监测与评价指标体系,开发评价模型系统,建立国家水土保持信息系统 相似文献